Lactobacillus plantarum
| Lactobacillus plantarum | |
|---|---|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Bacteria |
| Division: | Firmicutes |
| Class: | Bacilli |
| Order: | Lactobacillales |
| Family: | Lactobacillaceae |
| Genus: | Lactobacillus |
| Species: | L. plantarum |
| Binomial name | |
| Lactobacillus plantarum (Orla-Jensen 1919) Bergey et al. 1923 | |
Lactobacillus plantarum is a widespread member of the genus Lactobacillus, commonly found in many fermented food products as well as anaerobic plant matter. It is also present in saliva (from which it was first isolated). It has the ability to liquefy gelatin.[1] L. plantarum has one of the largest genomes known among the lactic acid bacteria and is a very flexible and versatile species.
Metabolism
L. plantarum is a Gram-positive-aerotolerant bacteria that grows at 15 °C (59 °F) but not at 45 °C (113 °F), and produces both isomers of lactic acid (D and L). This species and related lactobacilli are unusual in that they can respire oxygen but have no respiratory chain or cytochromes[citation needed] — the consumed oxygen ultimately ends up as hydrogen peroxide. The peroxide, it is presumed, acts as a weapon to exclude competing bacteria from the food source. In place of the protective enzyme superoxide dismutase present in almost all other oxygen-tolerant cells, this organism accumulates millimolar quantities of manganese polyphosphate. Manganese is also used by L. plantarum in a pseudo-catalase to lower reactive oxygen levels. Because the chemistry by which manganese complexes protect the cells from oxygen damage is subverted by iron, these cells contain virtually no iron atoms; in contrast, a cell of Escherichia coli of comparable volume contains over one-million iron atoms. Because of this, L. plantarum cannot be used to produce active enzymes that require a heme complex such as true catalases.
Lactobacillus plantarum, like many lactobacillus species, can be cultured using MRS media.
Products
Silage
Lactobacillus plantarum is the most common bacterium used in silage inoculants. During the anaerobic conditions of ensilage, these organisms quickly dominate the microbial population, and, within 48 hours, they begin to produce lactic and acetic acids via the Embden-Meyerhof Pathway, further diminishing their competition. Under these conditions, L. plantarum strains producing high levels of heterologous proteins have been found to remain highly competitive. This quality could allow this species to be utilized as an effective biological pretreatment for lignocellulosic biomass.
Food Products
L. plantarum is commonly found in many fermented food products including sauerkraut, pickles, brined olives, Korean kimchi, Nigerian Ogi, sourdough, and other fermented plant material, and also some cheeses, fermented sausages, and stockfish. The high levels of this organism in food also makes it an ideal candidate for the development of probiotics. In Juana Frias et al.(2008)'s study, L. plantarum has been applied to reduce the allergenicity of soy flour. The result showed that, compared to other microbes, L. plantarum-fermented soy flour showed the highest reduction in IgE immunoreactivity (96–99%), depending upon the sensitivity of the plasma used. L. plantarum is also found in dadiah, a traditional fermented buffalo milk of the Minangkabau tribe, Indonesia.[2]
Therapeutics
L. Plantarum has significant antioxidant activities and also helps to maintain the intestinal permeability.[3] It is able to suppress the growth of gas producing bacterium in the intestines and may have benefit in some patients who suffer from IBS.[4] The ability of L. plantarum to survive in the human gastro-intestinal tract makes it a possible in vivo delivery vehicle for therapeutic compounds or proteins.
Antimicrobial Property
The ability of L. plantarum to produce antimicrobial substances helps them survive in the gastro-intestinal tract of humans. The antimicrobial substances produced have shown significant effect on Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.
Biochemistry
The entire genome has recently been sequenced, and promoter libraries have been developed for both conditional and constitutive gene expression, adding to the utility of L. plantarum. It is also commonly employed as the indicative organism in niacin bioassay experiments, in particular, AOAC International Official Method 944.13, as it is a niacin auxotroph.
See also
- Microbial Food Cultures
References
- ↑ http://www.ebi.ac.uk/2can/genomes/bacteria/Lactobacillus_plantarum.html
- ↑ Nybom SM, Collado MC, Surono IS, Salminen SJ, Meriluoto JA (2008-05-07). "Effect of glucose in removal of microcystin-LR by viable commercial probiotic strains and strains isolated from dadih fermented milk". J Agric Food Chem 56 (10): 3714–20. doi:10.1021/jf071835x.
- ↑ Bested, AC.; Logan, AC.; Selhub, EM. (2013). "Intestinal microbiota, probiotics and mental health: from Metchnikoff to modern advances: Part II - contemporary contextual research.". Gut Pathog 5 (1): 3. doi:10.1186/1757-4749-5-3. PMID 23497633.
- ↑ Bixquert Jiménez, M. (Aug 2009). "Treatment of irritable bowel syndrome with probiotics. An etiopathogenic approach at last?". Rev Esp Enferm Dig 101 (8): 553–64. PMID 19785495.
Further reading
- Kleerebezem, M.; et al. (2003). "Complete genome sequence of Lactobacillus plantarum WCFS1". PNAS 100 (4): 1990–1995. doi:10.1073/pnas.0337704100. PMC 149946. PMID 12566566.
External links
- PubMed a study of the use of Lactobacillus Plantarum 299v in treatment of IBS
- www.DocGuide.com another reference about IBS
- Strains of Lactobacillus plantarum found in foods from different cultures
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