LNWR Bloomer Class

LNWR “Bloomer” Class
Replica '1009' on a plinth outside Milton Keynes Central Station
Specifications
Power type	Steam
Designer	James McConnell
Builder	Wolverton railway works and various builders
Build date	1851–1862
Total produced	74
Configuration	2-2-2
Gauge	4 ft 8 1⁄2 in (1,435 mm)
Leading wheel diameter	(a.): 4 ft 6 in (1.372 m); (b.): 4 ft 0 in (1.219 m); (c.): 4 ft 6 in (1.372 m)
Driver diameter	(a.): 7 ft 0 in (2.134 m); (b.): 6 ft 6 in (1.981 m); (c.): 7 ft 6 in (2.286 m)
Locomotive weight	(a.): 29.5 long tons (30.0 t); (b.): 23.65 long tons (24.03 t); (c.): 34.75 long tons (35.31 t)
Boiler pressure	100 psi (0.69 MPa) later increased to 150 psi (1.03 MPa)
Cylinders	two, inside
Cylinder size	(a.): 16 in × 22 in (410 mm × 560 mm); (b.): 16 in × 21 in (410 mm × 530 mm); (c.): 18 in × 24 in (460 mm × 610 mm)
Valve gear	Stephenson
Tractive effort	80%: 30,544 lbf (135.87 kN)
Career
Railroad(s)	LNWR Southern Division
Withdrawn	1866–1888
Disposition	Original locomotives all scrapped. A full-size non-working replica was built as a static display at Milton Keynes in 1991 (now at Wolverton); this represented the type as in 1873-6 condition, numbered '1009' as if to follow the last of the class, 1008, and was named 'Wolverton' to commemorate the Southern Division Works, although no engine was so named on the LNWR. A full-size working engine as in original Southern Division condition (pre-1862) was begun at Tyseley in 1986 and was 90% completed by 1990. It has never been finished (2014).

Bloomer was a name used to refer to three similar classes of 2-2-2 express passenger locomotives designed by James McConnell for the Southern Division of the London and North Western Railway (LNWR). A total of seventy-four were built between 1851 and 1862. The classes were similar in design and layout but differed in dimensions.

History

The name “Bloomer” was at first a nickname, but was quickly adopted officially. The nickname was a topical one in the autumn of 1851 when the first engine arrived on the line, because of the current popular excitement aroused by the appearance of women wearing trousers, as advocated by Mrs Amelia Bloomer. The widespread belief that they were awarded this nickname because they showed more of their wheels than earlier engines makes no sense: most earlier engines on the line had naked wheels.

Another enduring myth is that until 1862 the Bloomers (and other Southern Division engines) were painted vermilion. They were not, although some were painted a very dark plum-red from 1861, before the standard livery reverted to green in the following year, and then changed to black from 1873.

In April 1862 the Southern Division locomotives were renumbered into the all-LNWR series by the addition of 600 to each engine's number.

Apart from two of the 6 ft 6 in engines which were scrapped in 1866, all the Bloomers were given nameplates in 1872; the names awarded were of the usual miscellaneous variety customary on the LNWR.

(a) 7 ft driving wheel, Bloomers, known as Large Bloomers from 1862.

The design of these was derived from six successful 2-2-2 locomotives supplied to the railway by Bury, Curtis, and Kennedy in 1848. McConnell substituted plate frames, provided larger boilers and 7 ft 0 in (2.134 m) driving wheels. The first twenty were built by Sharp, Stewart and Company in 1851-1853. A further twenty examples were built in 1861/2: five by Sharp Stewart & Co., five by Kitson and Company, and ten at the Wolverton railway works of the LNWR.^[1]

They were numbered 247-256, 287-296 and 389-408, until 1862 when they were renumbered by the addition of 600, becoming 847 (etc) to 1008.

The locomotives were primarily used on express passenger services between London and Birmingham and, from 1860, also from Rugby to Stafford.

During the 1860s and 1870s most of the class were rebuilt with new (Crewe) boilers; the tenders which originally contained 2000 gallons were reduced to hold 1700 gallons because of the introduction of water troughs on the main line.

Withdrawal took place between 1876 and November 1888.

(b) 6 ft 6in driving wheel, Small Bloomers.

Eleven smaller examples were built in 1854 with 6 ft 6 in (1.981 m) driving wheels intended for secondary fast main-line trains and branch lines of the Southern Division. These engines were originally intended by McConnell to be a 7ft-wheel variant of his Patent class, but the design was altered by order of the directors to a smaller version of the successful Bloomers. Like them, the design was closely based on the Bury, Curtis & Kennedy 6ft single of 1848; McConnell called the Small Bloomer design 'Bury's Improved'.

Seven were built by R and W Hawthorn and four by Vulcan Foundry. A further twenty of this design were built at Wolverton Works between 1857 and 1861.^[1]

Numbers originally carried were an assortment from 2 to 381, renumbered 602 (etc) up to 981 in 1862.

Two were withdrawn in 1866 but the others were rebuilt between 1868 and 1876; the last one was scrapped in 1887.

(c) 7 ft 6in driving wheel, H-class Special Bloomers.

Three examples were built by Wolverton Works in 1861 with 7 ft 6 in (2.286 m) driving wheels together with McConnell’s patented firebox, which were intended for the fastest expresses. They were heavier than had been planned, so a further two engines, ordered and under construction, were cancelled in February 1862. This led to McConnell’s immediate resignation. The three completed engines (Nos. 372/3/5) went into store, so hardly ran in their original state. One of them (No. 373) was put on show at the International Exhibition in South Kensington from May to November 1862.

After rebuilding with normal boilers in 1866/7 they worked until withdrawal in 1880 and 1882. Many years later they were described as "Extra-large Bloomers".

References

Harry Jack: Locomotives of the LNWR Southern Division (RCTS, 2001) ISBN 0 901115 89 4