Kisurra

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Kisurra
Kisurra
Location in Iraq
Coordinates: 31°50′17″N 45°28′50″E / 31.83806°N 45.48056°E / 31.83806; 45.48056

Kisurra (modern Tell Abu Hatab, Al-Qādisiyyah Governorate, Iraq) was an ancient Sumerian city situated on the west bank of the Euphrates, 7 kilometres (4.3 mi) north of Shuruppak. The cities name has been described as meaning the "place of spinning" and also as "boundary-ditch". Kisurra's main deity was Ninurta. Later, Ishara's main Mesopotamian cult centre was at Kisurra, although she is also thought to have been worshipped across a wide area amongst Syrians, Canaanites, and Hittites.[1]

History

Kisurra was established ca. 2700 BC, during the Sumerian Early Dynastic II period. The southern end of the Isinnitum Canal was joined back into the Euphrates at Kisurra.[2] The city lasted as a center for commerce and transport through the Akkadian and part of the Babylonian Empires, until cuneiform texts and excavation show a decline during the time of Hammurabi (c.1800 BCE).[3]

Kings of Kisurra

  • Itur-Šamaš c.2138 BCE built the 'gate of Hadi-el', the wall of Kisurra.[4]
  • Manabaltiel c.2123 BCE
  • In 2113 BCE the city of Kisurra lost its independence under the suzerainty of the Kings of the City Ur
  • Šarrasyurrm c.2108 BCE
  • Ubaya c2093 BCE
  • Zikrum c2078 BCE
  • In the year 2048 BCE King Bur-Sin of Ur removed the King of Kisurra
  • Ibbi-Šamaš 2030-2013 BCE
  • King Ur Nammu of Ur removes King Ibbi-Šamaš from the throne in 2013 BCE [5]

Archaeology

German archaeologists, beginning with Robert Koldewey in 1902, have found many cuneiform tablets from Tell Abu Hatab.[6][7][8]

See also

Cities of the Ancient Near East

Notes

  1. ↑ Isara
  2. ↑ Sumerian Waterways
  3. ↑ Rogers, Robert William (1915) A History of Babylonia and Assyria. The Abingdon Press p435
  4. ↑ NETBible: Babylon
  5. ↑ Zimmerer, Neil (2003) The Chronology of Genesis: A Complete History of the Nefilim. Adventures Unlimited Press ISBN 1-931882-22-3 p30
  6. ↑ Walter Andrae, Die Umgebung von Fara und Abu Hatab, Mitteilungen der Deutschen Orient Gesellschaft, no. 16 , pp. 24-30, 1903
  7. ↑ Walter Andrae, Ausgrabungen in Fara und Abu Hatab. Bericht über die Zeit vom 15. August 1902 bis 10. Januar 1903, Mitteilungen der Deutschen Orient Gesellschaft, no. 17, pp. 4-35, 1903
  8. ↑ E. Heinrich, Fara: Ergebmisse der Ausgrabungen der Deustchen Orient Gesellschaft in Fara und Abu Hatab 1902/03, J.C. Hinrichs, 1931

Further reading

  • Anne Goddeeris, Tablets from Kisurra in the collections of The British Museum, Harrasowitz, 2009, ISBN 978-3-447-06064-6
  • Anne Goddeeris, The Economic Basis of the Local Palace of Kisurra, Zeitschrift für Assyrologie und vorderasiatische Archäologie, vol. 97, issue 1, pp. 47–85, 2007
  • Burkhart Kienast, Die altbabylonischen Briefe und Urkunden aus Kisurra, Steiner, 1978, ISBN 3-515-02592-8
  • E. J. Banks, Impressions from the Excavations by the Germans at Fara and Abu Hatab, Biblical World, vol. 24, pp. 138–146, 1904

External links

Coordinates: 31°50′17″N 45°28′50″E / 31.83806°N 45.48056°E / 31.83806; 45.48056

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