King Alfred's Tower
| King Alfred's Tower | |
|---|---|
 | |
  | |
| General information | |
| Town or city | Brewham, Somerset |
| Country | England |
| Coordinates | 51°06′54″N 2°21′54″W / 51.115°N 2.365°W |
| Construction started | 1769 |
| Completed | 1772 |
| Client | Henry Hoare |
| Height | 49 metres (161 ft) |
| Design and construction | |
| Architect | Henry Flitcroft |
King Alfred's Tower or The Folly of King Alfred the Great is in the parish of Brewham in the English county of Somerset, and was built as part of the Stourhead estate and landscape. The tower stands on Kingsettle Hill and belongs to the National Trust. It is designated as a grade I listed building.[1][2]
Henry Hoare II planned in the 1760s the tower to commemorate the end of the Seven Years' War against France and the accession of King George III near the location of 'Egbert's stone' where it is believed that Alfred the Great, King of Wessex, rallied the Saxons in May 878 before the important Battle of Ethandun. It was damaged by a plane in 1944 and restored in the 1980s.
The 49 metres (161 ft) high triangular tower has a hollow centre and is climbed by mean of a spiral staircase in one of the corner projections. It includes a statue of King Alfred and dedication inscription.
Location
The tower stands near the location of 'Egbert's stone' where it is believed that Alfred the Great, King of Wessex, rallied the Saxons in May 878 before the important Battle of Ethandun, where the Danish army, led by Guthrum the Old was defeated.[3]
It is the start of the Leland Trail a 28 miles (45.1 km) footpath which runs from King Alfred's Tower to Ham Hill Country Park.[4]
History
The project to build the tower was conceived in 1762 by the banker Henry Hoare II (1705-1785).[2] The tower was also intended to commemorate the end of the Seven Years' War against France and the accession of King George III.[5]
- Alfred's Tower is a monument to the genius of English landscape, many of whose loveliest haunts it commands, and to a man who certainly deserves to be remembered as among the great benefactors of the English scene. - Christopher Hussey, Country Life, 11 June 1938.
The tower was designed in 1765 by Henry Flitcroft, the notable 18th century Palladian architect, and despite the inspiration from St Mark's Campanile in Venice, this tower is rather different. Building began in 1769 or early 1770, and was completed in 1772 at an estimated cost of between £5,000 and £6,000. In April 1770, when the tower was just 4.7 metres (15 ft) high, Hoare is quoted as saying: 'I hope it will be finished in as happy Times to this Isle as Alfred finished his Life of Glory in then I shall depart in peace.'[6]
The tower was damaged in 1944 when an aeroplane, a Noorduyn Norseman, crashed into it, resulting in the death of the five aircrew and damage to the highest 10 metres (33 ft).[7] It was restored in 1986, which included the use of a Wessex helicopter to lower a 300 kilograms (47 st) stone onto the top. The statue of King Alfred was also restored at this time, including the replacement of his right forearm which was missing.[5]
Architecture
The tower is 49 metres (161 ft) high, and is triangular in plan, with round projections at each of the three corners. One of these, furthest from the entrance door, has a spiral staircase within it by which visitors can climb the 205 steps to the top, where there is a platform with a crenellated parapet. The staircase is not well illuminated, with only ten small openings to admit a little daylight. The centre of the tower is hollow and open to the elements; in recent years a mesh has been placed over the opening at the top to prevent birds from entering the tower. The total girth of the tower is approximately 51 metres (167 ft), which means that the tower's circumference and height are about the same. From the top you may see as far as Hinkley Point power station (about 50 miles (80 km) away) on a clear day.
The 'front' (south-east) face of the tower has the gothic-arched entrance door, a statue of King Alfred, and a stone panel bearing an inscription. This is the face that most visitors see first when walking from Stourhead garden or from the nearby car park.
Inscription
Around the Stourhead estate are several inscriptions. The one on the tower was drafted in 1762 and installed in 1772.[8] The stone tablet above the door on the east face of the tower reads:
- "ALFRED THE GREAT
- AD 879 on this Summit
- Erected his Standard
- Against Danish Invaders
- To him We owe The Origin of Juries
- The Establishment of a Militia
- The Creation of a Naval Force
- ALFRED The Light of a Benighted Age
- Was a Philosopher and a Christian
- The Father of his People
- The Founder of the English
- MONARCHY and LIBERTY"
References
- ↑ "Alfred's Tower". National Heritage List for England. English Heritage. Retrieved 26 December 2013.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 "Alfred's Tower". Images of England. Retrieved 2008-04-01.
- ↑ "King Alfred's Tower". King Alfred's Tower. Retrieved 25 November 2012.
- ↑ "The Leland Trail". Discover South Somerset. Retrieved 30 November 2009.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Holt, Jonathan (2007). Somerset Follies. Bath: Akeman Press. pp. 46–47. ISBN 978-0-9546138-7-7.
- ↑ Lapidge, Michael (2000). 'I+hope+it+will+be+finished+in+as+happy+Times+to+this+Isle+as+Alfred+finished+his+Life+of+Glory+in+then+I+shall+depart+in+peace Anglo-Saxon England. Cambridge University Press. p. 322. ISBN 978-0-521-65203-2.
- ↑ "King Alfred's Tower". Atlas Obscura. Retrieved 26 December 2013.
- ↑ Turner, James (March 1979). "The Structure of Henry Hoare's Stourhead". The Art Bulletin 61 (1): 68–77. doi:10.2307/3049865. JSTOR 3049865.
External links
 |
Wikimedia Commons has media related to King Alfred's Tower. |