Kilo-class submarine

An Iranian Kilo-class submarine, the #Yunes
Class overview
Builders:	Central Design Bureau for Marine Engineering “Rubin” Shipyard 199 "Krasnoe Sormovo", Nizhniy Novgorod (Gorkiy) Shipyard 112,"imeni Leninskogo Komsomola", Komsoloľsk na Amure Shipyard "Leningradskoe Admiralteyskoe Obedinenie" (Admiralteyskie Verfi), Saint Petersburg (Leningrad) Shipyard "Severnoe Mašinostroiteľnoe Predprijatie", Severodvinsk
Operators:	Soviet Navy  Russian Navy  People's Liberation Army Navy  Indian Navy  Islamic Republic of Iran Navy  Polish Navy  Romanian Naval Forces  Algerian National Navy  Vietnamese People's Navy
Preceded by:	Tango-class submarine
Succeeded by:	Lada-class submarine
In commission:	April 1982
Building:	7
Completed:	57
Active:	47
Lost:	1
Retired:	2
General characteristics
Displacement:	Surfaced: 2,300–2,350 tons Submerged:3,000-3,950 tons full load
Length:	70.0–74.0 m
Beam:	9.9 m
Draft:	6.5 m
Depth of hold:	Operational: 240 meters Maximum: 300 meters
Installed power:	Diesel-electric
Propulsion:	Diesel-electric propulsion 2 x 1000 kW Diesel generators 1 x 5,500–6,800 shp Propulsion motor 1 x fixed-pitch 6 or 7 bladed Propeller (6BL project 877) (7BL project 636)
Speed:	Surfaced: 10–12 knots Submerged: 17–25 knots
Range:	With snorkel: 6,000–7,500 miles at 7 knots Submerged: 400 miles at 3 knots Full run: 12.7 miles at 21 knots
Endurance:	45 days
Test depth:	300 m
Complement:	52
Armament:	6/533 mm torpedo tubes 18 torpedoes Club S anti-ship missiles (only on some export versions) 24 mines 8 SA-N-8 Gremlin or 8 SA-N-10 Gimlet Surface-to-air missiles (export submarines may not be equipped with air defense weapons)

The crew of the Russian Pacific Fleet's diesel-powered B-190 Krasnokamensk Kilo-class submarine on the eve of Submariner Day, due to be celebrated on March 19, 2008

The Kilo class is the NATO reporting name for a naval diesel-electric submarine that is made in Russia. The original version of the vessels were designated Project 877 Paltus (Halibut) in Russia. There is also a more advanced version, designated as Improved Kilo in the west, and Project 636 Varshavyanka in Russia.

The Kilo class was to have been succeeded by the Lada class. In November 2011 the Russian Navy announced that the Lada class will not enter service because trials with the lead boat of the new class, Sankt Peterburg (B-585) had shown major deficiencies. Construction of two further boats has been suspended.^[1]

The boats are mainly intended for anti-shipping and anti-submarine operations in relatively shallow waters. Original Project 877 boats are equipped with Rubikon MGK-400 sonar system (with NATO reporting name Shark Gill), which includes a mine detection and avoidance sonar MG-519 Arfa (with NATO reporting name Mouse Roar). Newer Project 636 boats are equipped with improved MGK-400EM, with MG-519 Afra also upgraded to MG-519EM. The improved sonar systems have reduced the number of operators needed by sharing the same console via automation.

Anechoic tiles are fitted on casings and fins to absorb the sound waves of active sonar, which results in a reduction and distortion of the return signal.^[2] These tiles also help attenuate sounds that are emitted from the submarine, thus reducing the range by which the sub may be detected by passive sonar.^[3]

One Kilo class submarine B-871 was equipped with pump-jet propulsion.^[4][5]

Operators

The first submarine entered service in the Soviet Navy in 1980, and the class remains in use with the Russian Navy today. As of September 2011, 17 vessels were believed to still be in active service with the Russian Navy, while 7 vessels were thought to be in reserve.^[6] 33 vessels have been exported to several countries:

•  Algeria : 2 Original Kilo, 2 Improved Kilo.^[7] 2 kilo 636M (contract being finalized)^{[8] [9] [10] [11] [12]}
•  People's Republic of China : 2 Original Kilo, 10 Improved Kilo.^[13][14][15]
•  India : Designated as the Sindhughosh class; 9 active, 1 lost^[16][17]
•  Poland : 1 Kilo ORP Orzeł.^[18]
•  Iran : 3 Kilo.^[19]
•  Romania : 1 Kilo – (Delfinul II).^[20]
•  Russia : 17 Kilo in active service (B-445; B-459 Vladikavkaz; B-464 Ust'-Kamchatsk; B-471 Magnitogorsk; B-494 Ust'-Bolsheretsk; B-800 Kaluga; B-871 Alrosa; B-808 Yaroslavl'; B-177 Lipetsk; B-806; B-340; B-190; B-227; B-260 Chita; B-345; B-394; B-402 Vologda).;^[21] 6 Improved Kilo ordered^[22]
•  Vietnam : 1 Kilo, 5 Improved Kilo (Kilo-636 KMV) on order, contract signed in 2010, production of one per year.^[23][24]

Possible operators

• The government of Venezuela expressed interest in buying 3 Project 636 Kilo class submarines^[25]

• The government of Indonesia in 2007-2008 planned to acquire at least 2 Kilo class submarines. In October 2013, the ministry of defence of Indonesia reported the possibility of a grant from the Russian government involving up to ten ex-Russian navy Kilo-class submarines. Army General Moeldoko, Indonesian Armed Forces chief of staff, announced that a team will be sent to Russia last month to inspect the condition of future submarines.^[26]

Project 877 units

Project 877 – significant dates

Operator	#	Name	Shipyard	Project	Laid down	Launched	Commissioned	Fleet	Status
Russia	B-248	x	Komsomoľsk na Amure	877	01980-03-1616 March 1980	01980-09-1212 September 1980	01980-12-3131 December 1980		in reserve
Russia	B-260	Chita	Komsomoľsk na Amure	877	01981-02-2222 February 1981	01981-08-2323 August 1981	01981-12-3030 December 1981	PF	active as of 2010
Russia	B-227	Vyborg	Komsomoľsk na Amure	877	01982-02-2323 February 1982	01982-09-1616 September 1982	01983-02-2323 February 1983	BF	active as of 2010
Russia	B-229	x	Komsomoľsk na Amure	877	01983-02-2323 February 1983	01983-07-1515 July 1983	01983-10-3030 October 1983		in reserve
Russia	B-404	x	Komsomoľsk na Amure	877	01983-05-0707 May 1983	01983-09-2424 September 1983	01983-12-3030 December 1983		in reserve
Russia	B-401	Novosibirsk	Nizhniy Novgorod	877	01982-10-0606 October 1982	01984-03-1515 March 1984	01984-09-3030 September 1984	NF	active as of 2010
Russia	B-402	Vologda	Nizhniy Novgorod	877	01983-08-2424 August 1983	01984-09-2929 September 1984	01984-12-3030 December 1984	NF	active as of 2010
Russia	B-405	(ex Tyumenskiy Komsomolets)	Komsomoľsk na Amure	877	01984-04-2020 April 1984	01984-09-2121 September 1984	01984-12-3030 December 1984		decommissioned and sold for scrap in 2007
Poland	291 (ex B-351)	Orzeł	Nizhniy Novgorod	877E	01984-01-011984	01985-01-011985	01985-01-011985		active as of 2010
Romania	581 (ex B-801)	Delfinul	Nizhniy Novgorod	877E	01984-01-011984	01985-01-011985	01985-01-011985		unknown (in reserve from 1995)
India	S55	Sindhugosh	Saint Petersburg	877EKM	01983-05-2929 May 1983	01985-07-2929 July 1985	01985-11-2525 November 1985		active as of 2010, modernized to project 08773 in 2002–2005
Russia	B-470	x	Komsomoľsk na Amure	877	01985-05-0606 May 1985	01985-08-2727 August 1985	01985-12-3030 December 1985		decommissioned and sold for scrap in 2007
Russia	B-806	x	Nizhniy Novgorod	877EKM[citation needed]	01984-10-1515 October 1984	01986-04-3030 April 1986	01986-09-2525 September 1986	BF	active as of 2009, status in 2010 unknown
India	S56	Sindhudhvaj	Saint Petersburg	877EKM	01986-04-0101 April 1986	01986-07-2727 July 1986	01986-11-2525 November 1986		active as of 2010
Algeria	012	Rais Hadj Mubarek	Nizhniy Novgorod	877EKM	1985}	01986-01-011986	01986-11-2929 November 1986		Upgraded in 2010, able to launch Klub missiles
Russia	B-439	x	Komsomoľsk na Amure	877	01986-04-044 April 1986	01986-07-3131 July 1986	01986-12-3030 December 1986		in reserve
India	S57	Sindhuraj	Nizhniy Novgorod	877EKM	01986-01-011986	01987-01-011987	01987-09-0202 September 1987		active as of 2010, modernized to project 08773 in 1999–2001
Algeria	013	Rais Hadj Slimane	Nizhniy Novgorod	877EKM	01986-01-011986	01987-01-011987	01987-11-2525 November 1987		Upgraded in 2011, able to launch Klub missiles
India	S58	Sindhuvir	Saint Petersburg	877EKM	01987-05-1515 May 1987	01987-09-1313 September 1987	01987-12-2525 December 1987		active as of 2010, modernized to project 08773 in 1997–1999
Russia	B-445	Svyatoi Nikolai Chudotvorets	Komsomoľsk na Amure	877	01987-03-2121 March 1987	01987-09-2626 September 1987	01988-01-3030 January 1988	PF	unknown (in reserve from 2007 or active)
India	S59	Sindhuratna	Nizhniy Novgorod	877EKM	01987-01-011987	01988-01-011988	01988-08-1414 August 1988		active as of 2010, modernized to project 08773 in 2001–2003
India	S60	Sindhukesari	Saint Petersburg	877EKM	01988-04-2020 April 1988	01988-08-1616 August 1988	01988-10-2929 October 1988		active as of 2010, modernized to project 08773 in 1999–2001
Russia	B-808	Yaroslavl	Nizhniy Novgorod	877	01986-09-2929 September 1986	01988-07-3030 July 1988	01988-12-2727 December 1988	NF	active as of 2010
Russia	B-394	(ex Komsomolsk Tadjikistana)	Komsomoľsk na Amure	877	01988-04-1515 April 1988	01988-09-0303 September 1988	01988-12-3030 December 1988	PF	unknown (in reserve from 2007 or active)
Russia	B-800	Kaluga (ex Vologodskij komsomolets)	Nizhniy Novgorod	877LPMB[citation needed]	01987-03-0505 March 1987	01989-05-0707 May 1989	01989-09-3030 September 1989	NF	refit as of 2012(refit finished launching of the vessel underway)
India	S61	Sindhukirti	Saint Petersburg	877EKM	01989-04-0505 April 1989	01989-08-2626 August 1989	01989-10-3030 October 1989		in modernization to project 08773 from 2007
Russia	B-464	Ust'-Kamchatsk	Komsomoľsk na Amure	877	01989-05-2626 May 1989	01989-09-2323 September 1989	01990-01-3030 January 1990	PF	in reserve from 2007
Russia	B-459	Vledikavkaz	Nizhniy Novgorod	877	01988-02-2525 February 1988	01990-04-2929 April 1990	01990-09-3030 September 1990	NF	unknown (in reserve from 2008 or active)
India	S62	Sindhuvijay	Saint Petersburg	877EKM	01990-04-0606 April 1990	01990-07-2727 July 1990	01990-10-2727 October 1990		active as of 2010, modernized to project 08773 in 2005–2007
Russia	B-871	Alrosa	Nizhniy Novgorod	877V[citation needed]	01988-05-1717 May 1988	01989-09-01September 1989	01990-12-3030 December 1990	BSF	active as of 2010
Russia	B-471	Magnitogorsk	Nizhniy Novgorod	877	01988-10-2626 October 1988	01990-09-2222 September 1990	01990-12-3030 December 1990	NF	active as of 2010
Russia	B-494	Ust'-Bolsheretsk	Komsomoľsk na Amure	877	01990-05-055 May 1990	01990-10-0404 October 1990	01990-12-3030 December 1990	PF	unknown (in reserve from 2008 or active)
Iran	901	Tareg	Saint Petersburg	877EKM	01991-04-0505 April 1991	01991-09-2525 September 1991	01991-12-2525 December 1991		active as of 2012[27] Upgraded in Iran shipyard[28]
Russia	B-187	x	Komsomoľsk na Amure	877	01991-05-0707 May 1991	01991-10-0505 October 1991	01991-12-3030 December 1991	PF	in reserve from 2007
Russia	B-177	Lipetsk	Nizhniy Novgorod	877	01989-11-0303 November 1989	01991-07-2727 July 1991	01991-12-3030 December 1991	NF	active as of 2010
Russia	B-190	Krasnokamensk	Komsomoľsk na Amure	877	01992-05-0808 May 1992	01992-09-2525 September 1992	01992-12-3030 December 1992	PF	active as of 2010
Iran	902	Noor	Saint Petersburg	877EKM	01992-04-3030 April 1992	01992-10-1616 October 1992	01992-12-3131 December 1992		unknown (probably in modernization in Iranian shipyard)
Russia	B-345	Mogocha	Komsomoľsk na Amure	877	01993-04-2222 April 1993	01993-10-0606 October 1993	01994-01-2222 January 1994	PF	active as of 2010
People's Republic of China	364	Yuan Zhend 64 Hao	Nizhniy Novgorod	877EKM	???	01994-01-011994	01994-11-1010 November 1994		active as of 2007
People's Republic of China	365	Yuan Zhend 65 Hao	Nizhniy Novgorod	877EKM	???	01995-01-011995	01995-08-1414 August 1995		active as of 2007
Iran	903	Yunes	Saint Petersburg	877EKM	01992-02-0505 February 1992	01994-07-1212 July 1994	01996-09-0202 September 1996		active as 2011[29] (probably in modernization in Iranian shipyard)
India	S63	Sindhurakshak	Saint Petersburg	877EKM	01995-02-1616 February 1995	01997-06-2626 June 1997	01997-10-0202 October 1997		On 29 January 2013, the Sindhurakshak began shipment to India from Severodvinsk, Russia after repairs. On August 14, 2013, there was an explosion and fire on the Sindhurakshak suspected to have occurred from the munitions onboard - killing 3 officers and 15 sailors at the Indian Navy's Dockyard at Mumbai Port. The submarine is reported to have been completely destroyed.[30]
India	S64	Sindhushastra	Saint Petersburg	877EKM	01998-12-1212 December 1998	01999-10-1414 October 1999	02000-05-1616 May 2000		active as of 2010

Project 636 units

Project 636 – significant dates

Operator	#	Name	Shipyard	Project	Laid down	Launched	Commissioned	Fleet	Status
People's Republic of China	366	Yuan Zheng 66 Hao	Saint Petersburg	636	16 July 1996	26 April 1997	26 August 1997		active as of 2006
People's Republic of China	367	Yuan Zheng 67 Hao	Saint Petersburg	636	28 August 1997	18 June 1998	25 October 1998		active as of 2006
People's Republic of China	368	Yuan Zheng 68 Hao	Saint Petersburg	636M	18 October 2002	27 May 2004	20 October 2004		active as of 2006
People's Republic of China	369	Yuan Zheng 69 Hao	Saint Petersburg	636M	18 October 2002	19 August 2004	2005		active as of 2006
People's Republic of China	370	Yuan Zheng 70 Hao	Saint Petersburg	636M	2004	05.2005	2005		active as of 2006
People's Republic of China	371	Yuan Zheng 71 Hao	Saint Petersburg	636M	2004	2005	2005		active as of 2006
People's Republic of China	372	Yuan Zheng 72 Hao	Saint Petersburg	636M	2005	2005	2006		active as of 2006
People's Republic of China	373	Yuan Zheng 73 Hao	Nizhniy Novgorod	636M	07.1992	08.05.2004	05.08.2005		active as of 2007
People's Republic of China	374	Yuan Zheng 74 Hao	Severodvinsk	636M	29 May 2003	21 May 2005	30 December 2005		active as of 2006
People's Republic of China	375	Yuan Zheng 75 Hao	Severodvinsk	636M	29 May 2003	14 July 2005	30 December 2005		active as of 2006
Algeria	022	???	Saint Petersburg	636M	2006	20 November 2008	28 August 2009		active
Algeria	023 (?)	???	Saint Petersburg	636M	2007	09.04.2009	29 October 2009		active
Russia	B-261	Novorossiysk	Saint Petersburg	636.3	20 August 2010[31]	28 November 2013[32]	pl.2014	BSF	launched
Russia	B-237	Rostov-on-Don	Saint Petersburg	636.3	21 November 2011[33]	May 2014[34]	pl.2104	BSF	laid down
Russia	B-262	Stary Oskol[35]	Saint Petersburg	636.3	17 August 2012[36]		pl.2015	BSF	ordered[22]
Russia	B-???	???	Saint Petersburg	636.3	2013		pl.2015		ordered[22]
Russia	B-???	???	Saint Petersburg	636.3			pl.2016		ordered[22]
Russia	B-???	???	Saint Petersburg	636.3			pl.2016		ordered[22]
Vietnam	HQ-182	Hà Nội	Saint Petersburg	636M	25 August 2010	28 August 2012[37]	pl.2013[38]		delivered[39]
Vietnam	HQ-183	Hồ Chí Minh City	Saint Petersburg	636M	28 September 2011	28 December 2012	pl.2013		ordered[40][41]
Vietnam	HQ-184	Hải Phòng	Saint Petersburg	636M		August 2013[42]	pl.2014		ordered
Vietnam	HQ-185	Đà Nẵng	Saint Petersburg	636M	2013		pl.2015		ordered
Vietnam	HQ-186	Khánh Hòa	Saint Petersburg	636M			pl.2016		ordered
Vietnam	HQ-187	Bà Rịa-Vũng Tàu	Saint Petersburg	636M			pl.2016[38]		ordered

Specifications

Schematic drawing of the Kilo class

There are several variants of the Kilo class. The information below is the smallest and largest number from the available information for all three variants of the ship.^[43]

• Displacement:
  • 2,300–2,350 tons surfaced
  • 3,000–4,000 tons submerged
• Dimensions:
  • Length: 70–74 meters
  • Beam: 9.9 meters
  • Draft: 6.2–6.5 meters
• Maximum speed
  • 10–12 knots surfaced
  • 17–25 knots submerged
• Propulsion: Diesel-electric 5,900 shp (4,400 kW)
• Maximum depth: 300 meters (240–250 meters operational)
• Endurance
  • 400 nautical miles (700 km) at 3 knots (6 km/h) submerged
  • 6,000 nautical miles (11,000 km) at 7 knots (13 km/h) snorkeling (7,500 miles for the Improved Kilo class)
  • 45 days sea endurance
• Armament
  • Air defence: 8 SA-N-8 Gremlin or SA-N-10 Gimlet^[44] surface-to-air missiles (export submarines may not be equipped with air defense weapons)
  • Six 533 mm torpedo tubes with 18 53-65 ASuW or TEST 71/76 ASW torpedoes or VA-111 Shkval supercavitating "underwater missiles", or 24 DM-1 mines,
  • Club S anti-ship missiles (only on some export versions)
• Crew: 52
• Price per unit is US$200–250 million (China paid approx. US$1.5-2 billion for 8 Project 636 Kilo class submarines)

Gallery

• 

  Polish Kilo class ORP Orzeł submarine, 26 June 2011

• 

  Russian Kilo class submarine

• 

  Algerian Kilo class submarine

• 

  A Chinese Kilo class submarine being delivered from Russia as deck cargo in 1995.

• 

  ORP Orzel (291) – Control room of 877E class submarine

See also

• Amur-class submarine
• S1000 submarine class
• Russian submarine Losharik
• Patrick Robinson – author of the novels Nimitz Class and Kilo Class; both describe hypothetical situations involving Kilo class submarines.
• List of ships of Algeria

Notes

References

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Kilo class submarines.

v t e Kilo-class submarines  Soviet and  Russian Navies Project 877 B-171 B-177 B-187 B-190 B-219 B-224 B-227 B-229 B-248 B-260 B-345 B-354 B-394 Komsomolets Tadjkistana B-401 B-402 B-404 Tyumensky Komsomolets B-405 B-425 B-437 Magnitogorsky Komsomolets B-439 B-445 B-459 B-464 B-468 B-470 B-471 B-494 B-800 B-801 B-806 B-871 B-880 Delfin  Algerian National Navy Project 877EKM Rajs Hadj Mubarek class Rais Hadj Mubarek El Hadj Slimane  People's Liberation Army Navy Project 877EKM 364 (ex-B-177) 365 (ex-B-171) 366 (ex-B-871) 367 (ex-B-801) Project 636 10 submarines  Indian Navy Project 08773 Sindhughosh class Sindhughosh Sindhudhvaj Sindhuraj Sindhuvir Sindhuratna Sindhukesari Sindhukirti Sindhuvijay Sindhurakshak Sindhurashtra  Islamic Republic of Iran Navy Project 877 1 submarine Project 877EKM 2 submarines  Polish Navy Project 877E Orzeł  Romanian Naval Forces Project 877E Delfinul List of Soviet and Russian submarines List of Soviet and Russian submarine classes

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