Kholmsk
| Kholmsk (English) Холмск (Russian) | |
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 Kholmsk Commercial Port | |
.svg.png) Location of Sakhalin Oblast in Russia | |
  Kholmsk | |
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| Town Day | August 18[citation needed] |
| Administrative status (as of December 2011) | |
| Country | Russia |
| Federal subject | Sakhalin Oblast[1] |
| Administrative district | Kholmsky District[1] |
| Administrative center of | Kholmsky District[1] |
| Municipal status (as of July 2012) | |
| Urban okrug | Kholmsky Urban Okrug[2] |
| Administrative center of | Kholmsky Urban Okrug[2] |
| Statistics | |
| Population (2010 Census) | 30,937 inhabitants[3] |
| Time zone | VLAT (UTC+11:00)[4] |
| Founded | 1870[citation needed] |
| Previous names | Maoka (until 1946)[citation needed] |
| Postal code(s)[5] | 694620 |
| Dialing code(s) | +7 424 33[citation needed] |
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Kholmsk (Russian: Холмск), known until 1946 as Maoka (Japanese: 真岡),[citation needed] is a port town and the administrative center of Kholmsky District of Sakhalin Oblast, Russia. It is located on the southwest coast of the Sakhalin Island, on coast of the gulf of Nevelsky in the Strait of Tartary of the Sea of Japan, 83 kilometers (52 mi) west of Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk. Population: 30,937 (2010 Census);[3] 35,141 (2002 Census);[6] 51,381 (1989 Census).[7]
History
It was founded in 1870 as a military post.[citation needed] After the Russo-Japanese War of 1904-1905, it was transferred to Japanese control, along with the rest of southern Sakhalin, under the Treaty of Portsmouth. The Japanese renamed it Maoka (真岡), translating roughly as True Hill.
On August 20, 1945, a combined marine battalion and the 113th infantry brigade landed in Port Maoka. They were preceded by a group of scouts, landed secretively by submarine Sh-118, in the Maoka area to successfully complete their task. However, Japanese resistance was desperate, and the landing party had to fight particularly fiercely and valiantly. Enemy fire set one of the coastguards on fire, to which the Russian response was intense naval bombardment of the town, causing more civilian deaths. It is known as Maoka Massacre.
The Red Army retook the whole of Sakhalin at the end of World War II, with the town receiving its present name in 1946. The name is derived from the Russian word Kholm for hill, referring to the town's location on the hillside surrounding the harbor.
As with a number of urban areas in the Russian Far East, Kholmsk has seen a large drop in population since the dissolution of the Soviet Union and the economic crisis which followed in the 1990s.
Administrative and municipal status
Within the framework of administrative divisions, Kholmsk serves as the administrative center of Kholmsky District and is subordinated to it.[1] As a municipal division, the town of Kholmsk and twenty-three rural localities of Kholmsky District are incorporated as Kholmsky Urban Okrug.[2]
Economy and transportation
Kholmsk is an important sea port for the Sakhalin Island. Since 1973, it has been the Sakhalin terminal of a SASCO train ferry to the port of Vanino on the Russian mainland, connecting the mainline rail network with that of the island.[8]
Since Sakhalin railways use the Japanese gauge of 1,067 mm (3 ft 6 in), the railcars coming from the Russian mainland have their bogies changed in Kholmsk.[9]
The transport center largest on Sakhalin into which structure enter 2 sea nonfreezing ports, 3 railway stations and knot of highways. Kholmsk—Vanino is connected with Vanino port a sea railway passenger-and-freight ferry. From the town the federal highway R495 Kholmsk—Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk begins. Large economic, industrial and cultural center of the Sakhalin Oblast, center of sea fishery and ship repair.
International relations
Twin towns and sister cities
Kholmsk is twinned with:
References
Notes
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Law #25-ZO
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Law #524
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 "Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1" [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года (2010 All-Russia Population Census) (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service. 2011. Retrieved June 29, 2012.
- ↑ Правительство Российской Федерации. Постановление №725 от 31 августа 2011 г. «О составе территорий, образующих каждую часовую зону, и порядке исчисления времени в часовых зонах, а также о признании утратившими силу отдельных Постановлений Правительства Российской Федерации». Вступил в силу по истечении 7 дней после дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Российская Газета", №197, 6 сентября 2011 г. (Government of the Russian Federation. Resolution #725 of August 31, 2011 On the Composition of the Territories Included into Each Time Zone and on the Procedures of Timekeeping in the Time Zones, as Well as on Abrogation of Several Resolutions of the Government of the Russian Federation. Effective as of after 7 days following the day of the official publication.).
- ↑ Почта России. Информационно-вычислительный центр ОАСУ РПО. Поиск объектов почтовой связи (Russian)
- ↑ "Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек" [Population of Russia, its federal districts, federal subjects, districts, urban localities, rural localities—administrative centers, and rural localities with population of over 3,000]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года (All-Russia Population Census of 2002) (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service. May 21, 2004. Retrieved February 9, 2012.
- ↑ Demoscope Weekly (1989). "Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров." [All Union Population Census of 1989. Present population of union and autonomous republics, autonomous oblasts and okrugs, krais, oblasts, districts, urban settlements, and villages serving as district administrative centers]. Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года (All-Union Population Census of 1989) (in Russian). Institute of Demographics of the State University—Higher School of Economics. Retrieved February 9, 2012.
- ↑ SASCO: Vanino-Kholmsk (Russian)
- ↑ Сахалинская узкоколейная железная дорога (The narrow-gauge railways of Sakhalin) (Russian)
- ↑ Partnership between Russia and S.Korea
- ↑ Sakhalin region: Kholmsk was visited by economic delegation from Otaru (Japan)
- ↑ The Russian presence in Japan
Sources
- Сахалинская областная Дума. Закон №25-ЗО от 23 марта 2011 г. «Об административно-территориальном устройстве Сахалинской области», в ред. Закона №62-ЗО от 27 июня 2013 г. «О внесении изменения в статью 10 Закона Сахалинской области "Об административно-территориальном устройстве Сахалинской области"». Вступил в силу 9 апреля 2011 г.. Опубликован: "Губернские ведомости", №55(3742), 29 марта 2011 г. (Sakhalin Oblast Duma. Law #25-ZO of March 23, 2011 On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Sakhalin Oblast, as amended by the Law #62-ZO of June 27, 2013 On Amending Article 10 of the Law of Sakhalin Oblast "On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Sakhalin Oblast". Effective as of April 9, 2011.).
- Сахалинская областная Дума. Закон №524 от 21 июля 2004 г. «О границах и статусе муниципальных образований в Сахалинской области», в ред. Закона №45-ЗО от 27 мая 2013 г. «О внесении изменения в Закон Сахалинской области "О границах и статусе муниципальных образований в Сахалинской области"». Вступил в силу 1 января 2005 г. Опубликован: "Губернские ведомости", №175–176(2111–2112), 31 июля 2004 г. (Sakhalin Oblast Duma. Law #524 of July 21, 2004 On the Borders and Status of the Municipal Formations in Sakhalin Oblast, as amended by the Law #45-ZO of May 27, 2013 On Amending the Law of Sakhalin Oblast "On the Borders and Status of the Municipal Formations in Sakhalin Oblast". Effective as of January 1, 2005.).
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