Khawak Pass

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Khawak Pass

Mountain passes of Afghanistan
Elevation 4,370 m (14,340 ft)
Location  Afghanistan
Range Hindu Kush

The Khawak Pass (elevation 3,848 m (12,625 ft)) sits across the route heading to the northwest from near the head of the Panjshir Valley through the formidable Hindu Kush range to northern Afghanistan via Andarab and Baghlan.[1]

This is the route traditionally thought to have been followed by Alexander the Great in the spring of 329 BCE when he led his army from the Kabul Valley across the mountains to Bactria (later Tokharistan in the north). Vincent Smith states that Alexander took his troops across both the Khāwak and the Kaoshān or Kushan Pass.[2] However, according to some scholars, there is really no proof for this.[3][4]

The Khāwak is most probably the pass used by the famous Chinese Buddhist pilgrim monk, Xuanzang, on his return from India to China in the early 7th century.[5][6]

It was also crossed by Timur (Tamerlane or Timur the Lame, 1336–1405), and by Captain John Wood on his return journey to the sources of the Oxus in the mid-19th century. It was the easternmost pass leading from the Kabul Valley into northern Afghanistan, and the most popular pass of this region.[7]

This pass, so important for the early history of Afghanistan, is now for the most part bypassed by the paved road that runs through the Salang tunnel under the Salang Pass, completed by the Soviets in 1964, at a height of about 3,400 m (11,200 ft). It links Charikar and Kabul with Kunduz, Khulm, Mazari Sharif and Termez.

Footnotes

  1. ↑ Hill (2009), pp. 560, 563.
  2. ↑ Smith (1908), p. 45.
  3. ↑ Vogelsang (2002), p. 9, n. 16.
  4. ↑ Hill (2009), pp. 564, 563.
  5. ↑ Vogelsang (2002), p. 174.
  6. ↑ Wood (1872), p. lxxiii.
  7. ↑ Verma (1978), pp. 86 and nn. 155, 156; 264.

References

  • Hill, John E. (2009) Through the Jade Gate to Rome: A Study of the Silk Routes during the Later Han Dynasty, 1st to 2nd Centuries CE. John E. Hill. BookSurge, Charleston, South Carolina. ISBN 978-1-4392-2134-1.
  • Smith, Vincent A. (1908) The Early History of India. Oxford. The Clarendon Press.
  • Verma, H. C. (1978) Medieval Routes to India: Baghdad to Delhi. Calcutta. Naya Prokash.
  • Vogelsang, Willem. (2002) The Afghans. Blackwell Publishers. Oxford.
  • Wood, John (1872) A Journey to the Source of the River Oxus. With an essay on the Geography of the Valley of the Oxus by Colonel Henry Yule. London: John Murray.

Coordinates: 35°40′N 69°48′E / 35.667°N 69.800°E / 35.667; 69.800

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