Khakassia
| Republic of Khakassia | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Республика Хакасия (Russian) Хакас Республиказы (Khakas) |
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| — Republic — | |||
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| Anthem: none | |||
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| Coordinates: 53°30′N 90°00′E / 53.500°N 90.000°ECoordinates: 53°30′N 90°00′E / 53.500°N 90.000°E | |||
| Political status | |||
| Country |  Russia |
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| Federal district | Siberian[1] | ||
| Economic region | East Siberian[2] | ||
| Established | October 20, 1930 | ||
| Capital | Abakan | ||
| Government (as of August 2010) | |||
| - Head[3] | Viktor Zimin[4] | ||
| - Legislature | Supreme Council[5] | ||
| Statistics | |||
| Area (as of the 2002 Census)[6] | |||
| - Total | 61,900 km2 (23,899.7 sq mi) | ||
| Area rank | 46th | ||
| Population (2010 Census)[7] | |||
| - Total | 532,403 | ||
| - Rank | 70th | ||
| - Density[8] | 8.6 /km2 (22 /sq mi) | ||
| - Urban | 67.3% | ||
| - Rural | 32.7% | ||
| Time zone(s) | KRAT (UTC+08:00)[9] | ||
| ISO 3166-2 | RU-KK | ||
| License plates | 19 | ||
| Official languages | Russian;[10] Khakas[11] | ||
| Official website | |||
The Republic of Khakassia (Russian: Респу́блика Хака́сия, Respublika Khakasiya; Khakass: Хакас Республиказы[12]) or Khakasiya (Хака́сия) is a federal subject of Russia (a republic) located in south-central Siberia. Its capital city is Abakan, which is also the largest city in the republic. It has a population of 532,403 (2010 Census).[7]
The Khakas language has co-official status in the republic.
History
From the 6th century Khakassia was the core of the old Kyrgyz state. In the 13th century, following defeat by the Mongols, the majority of the Kyrgyz people migrated southwest to their current homeland in Central Asia (Kyrgyzstan). Modern Khakassians regard themselves as the descendants of those Kyrgyz who remained in Siberia. Khakassia was incorporated into the Russian state in 1707.
In 1727 this was confirmed in a treaty between Russia and China. Tsarist policy was to deport convicted criminals from European Russia to Siberia and forts were quickly constructed in Khakassia (1707 and 1718). Many prisoners stayed in the area on their release. Many of the indigenous Khakassian people converted to the Russian Orthodox church and were gradually forced to abandon their nomadic way of life.
By the time of the Russian Revolution Russians made up approximately half of the population. Under Soviet rule autonomy was granted on 10 October 1930. During the 1920s and 1930s the Soviet authorities resettled an estimated quarter of a million Russians in the region. These were followed by 10,000 Volga Germans deported in World War II. By the time of the 1959 census ethnic Khakassians represented little more than one in ten of the population. Khakassia was given full autonomous republic status in 1991.
Administrative divisions
Demographics
Population: 532,403 (2010 Census);[7] 546,072 (2002 Census);[13] 568,605 (1989 Census).[14]
Vital statistics
| Average population (x 1000) | Live births | Deaths | Natural change | Crude birth rate (per 1000) | Crude death rate (per 1000) | Natural change (per 1000) | Fertility rates | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1970 | 448 | 7,347 | 3,749 | 3,598 | 16.4 | 8.4 | 8.0 | |
| 1975 | 476 | 9,106 | 4,485 | 4,621 | 19.1 | 9.4 | 9.7 | |
| 1980 | 508 | 9,994 | 5,345 | 4,649 | 19.7 | 10.5 | 9.2 | |
| 1985 | 541 | 10,382 | 5,546 | 4,836 | 19.2 | 10.3 | 8.9 | |
| 1990 | 572 | 8,724 | 6,060 | 2,664 | 15.3 | 10.6 | 4.7 | 2,27 |
| 1991 | 573 | 8,114 | 6,195 | 1,919 | 14.2 | 10.8 | 3.3 | 2,14 |
| 1992 | 574 | 6,917 | 6,843 | 74 | 12.0 | 11.9 | 0.1 | 1,81 |
| 1993 | 574 | 6,152 | 8,387 | - 2,235 | 10.7 | 14.6 | - 3.9 | 1,58 |
| 1994 | 572 | 6,219 | 9,426 | - 3,207 | 10.9 | 16.5 | - 5.6 | 1,57 |
| 1995 | 571 | 5,807 | 8,186 | - 2,379 | 10.2 | 14.3 | - 4.2 | 1,44 |
| 1996 | 569 | 5,727 | 8,093 | - 2,366 | 10.1 | 14.2 | - 4.2 | 1,40 |
| 1997 | 566 | 5,309 | 7,766 | - 2,457 | 9.4 | 13.7 | - 4.3 | 1,28 |
| 1998 | 563 | 5,602 | 7,821 | - 2,219 | 10.0 | 13.9 | - 3.9 | 1,34 |
| 1999 | 559 | 5,312 | 8,304 | - 2,992 | 9.5 | 14.8 | - 5.3 | 1,26 |
| 2000 | 556 | 5,634 | 8,104 | - 2,470 | 10.1 | 14.6 | - 4.4 | 1,32 |
| 2001 | 552 | 5,576 | 8,561 | - 2,985 | 10.1 | 15.5 | - 5.4 | 1,28 |
| 2002 | 547 | 6,118 | 9,280 | - 3,162 | 11.2 | 17.0 | - 5.8 | 1,39 |
| 2003 | 542 | 6,417 | 9,660 | - 3,243 | 11.8 | 17.8 | - 6.0 | 1,44 |
| 2004 | 539 | 6,453 | 8,763 | - 2,310 | 12.0 | 16.3 | - 4.3 | 1,43 |
| 2005 | 536 | 6,198 | 9,411 | - 3,213 | 11.6 | 17.6 | - 6.0 | 1,35 |
| 2006 | 533 | 6,465 | 7,927 | - 1,462 | 12.1 | 14.9 | - 2.7 | 1,40 |
| 2007 | 531 | 7,384 | 7,324 | 60 | 13.9 | 13.8 | 0.1 | 1,60 |
| 2008 | 531 | 7,935 | 7,427 | 508 | 14.9 | 14.0 | 1.0 | 1,72 |
| 2009 | 531 | 8,062 | 7,255 | 807 | 15.2 | 13.7 | 1.5 | 1,81 |
| 2010 | 532 | 8,010 | 7,373 | 637 | 15.0 | 13.8 | 1.2 | 1,80 |
| 2011 | 532 | 8,013 | 7,154 | 859 | 15.1 | 13.4 | 1.7 | 1,83 |
| 2012 | 533 | 8,534 | 7,137 | 1,397 | 16.0 | 13.4 | 2.6 | 2,00 |
| 2013 | 534 | 8,376 | 6,998 | 1,378 | 15.7 | 13.1 | 2.6 | 2,01(e) |
In 2007, the republic recorded a positive natural increase of population for the first time in many years (Although very small, less than +0.01% per year), being one of the 20 Russian regions to have a positive natural population growth rate. [15][16]
TFR source 2009 - 12[17]
Ethnic groups
According to the 2010 Russian Census,[7] ethnic Russians make up 81.7% of the republic's population, while ethnic Khakas are only 12.1%. Other groups include ethnic Germans (1.1%), Ukrainians (1%), Tatars (0.6%), and a host of smaller groups, each accounting for less than 0.5% of the total population.
| Ethnic group |
1926 census | 1939 census | 1959 census | 1970 census | 1979 census | 1989 census | 2002 census | 2010 census1 | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | |
| Khakas | 44,219 | 49.8% | 45,799 | 16.8% | 48,512 | 11.8% | 54,750 | 12.3% | 57,281 | 11.5% | 62,859 | 11.1% | 65,421 | 12.0% | 63,643 | 12.1% |
| Russians | 41,390 | 46.6% | 205,254 | 75.3% | 314,455 | 76.5% | 349,362 | 78.4% | 395,953 | 79.4% | 450,430 | 79.5% | 438,395 | 80.3% | 427,647 | 81.7% |
| Germans | 46 | 0.1% | 333 | 0.1% | 10,512 | 2.6% | 10,547 | 2.4% | 11,130 | 2.2% | 11,250 | 2.0% | 9,161 | 1.7% | 5,976 | 1.1% |
| Ukrainians | 836 | 0.9% | 7,788 | 2.9% | 14,630 | 3.6% | 9,480 | 2.1% | 10,398 | 2.1% | 13,223 | 2.3% | 8,360 | 1.5% | 5,039 | 1.0% |
| Others | 2,381 | 2.7% | 13,556 | 5.0% | 22,938 | 5.6% | 21,685 | 4.9% | 23,622 | 4.7% | 29,099 | 5.4% | 24,735 | 4.5% | 21,409 | 4.1% |
| 1 8,689 people were registered from administrative databases, and could not declare an ethnicity. It is estimated that the proportion of ethnicities in this group is the same as that of the declared group.[18] | ||||||||||||||||
Religion
According to a 2012 official survey[19] 31.6% of the population of Khakassia adheres to the Russian Orthodox Church, 6% are unaffiliated generic Christians, 1% adheres to other Orthodox Churches. 2% of the population adheres to Slavic Rodnovery (Slavic Neopaganism) or to Khakas Tengrism, 1% to Islam, 1% to forms of Protestantism, 0.4% to forms of Hinduism (Vedism, Krishnaism or Tantrism) and another 0.4% to Tibetan Buddhism. In addition, 38% of the population deems itself to be "spiritual but not religious", 16% is atheist, and 2.6% follows other religions or did not give an answer to the question.[19]
Economy
The main industries in the republic are coal mining, ore mining and timber.
Sports
Sayany-Khakasiya[21] has been playing in the highest division of Russian Bandy League for a long time. Now they play in the 2nd highest division.
Views of Khakassia
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A view in Khakassia
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A megalith near the village of Safronov, Khakassia
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Sunset near the town of Askiz, Khakassia
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Rapeseed field in Khakassia
See also
- List of Chairmen of the Supreme Council of Khakassia
- Music of Khakassia
- Altai-Sayan region
References
- ↑ Президент Российской Федерации. Указ №849 от 13 мая 2000 г. «О полномочном представителе Президента Российской Федерации в федеральном округе». Вступил в силу 13 мая 2000 г. Опубликован: "Собрание законодательства РФ", №20, ст. 2112, 15 мая 2000 г. (President of the Russian Federation. Decree #849 of May 13, 2000 On the Plenipotentiary Representative of the President of the Russian Federation in a Federal District. Effective as of May 13, 2000.).
- ↑ Госстандарт Российской Федерации. №ОК 024-95 27 декабря 1995 г. «Общероссийский классификатор экономических регионов. 2. Экономические районы», в ред. Изменения №5/2001 ОКЭР. (Gosstandart of the Russian Federation. #OK 024-95 December 27, 1995 Russian Classification of Economic Regions. 2. Economic Regions, as amended by the Amendment #5/2001 OKER. ).
- ↑ Constitution, Article 88
- ↑ Official website of the Republic of Khakassia. Viktor Mikhaylovich Zimin (Russian)
- ↑ Constitution, Article 72
- ↑ Федеральная служба государственной статистики (Federal State Statistics Service) (2004-05-21). "Территория, число районов, населённых пунктов и сельских администраций по субъектам Российской Федерации (Territory, Number of Districts, Inhabited Localities, and Rural Administration by Federal Subjects of the Russian Federation)". Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года (All-Russia Population Census of 2002) (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved 2011-11-01.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 "Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1" [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года (2010 All-Russia Population Census) (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service. 2011. Retrieved June 29, 2012.
- ↑ The density value was calculated by dividing the population reported by the 2010 Census by the area shown in the "Area" field. Please note that this value may not be accurate as the area specified in the infobox is not necessarily reported for the same year as the population.
- ↑ Правительство Российской Федерации. Постановление №725 от 31 августа 2011 г. «О составе территорий, образующих каждую часовую зону, и порядке исчисления времени в часовых зонах, а также о признании утратившими силу отдельных Постановлений Правительства Российской Федерации». Вступил в силу по истечении 7 дней после дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Российская Газета", №197, 6 сентября 2011 г. (Government of the Russian Federation. Resolution #725 of August 31, 2011 On the Composition of the Territories Included into Each Time Zone and on the Procedures of Timekeeping in the Time Zones, as Well as on Abrogation of Several Resolutions of the Government of the Russian Federation. Effective as of after 7 days following the day of the official publication.).
- ↑ Official the whole territory of Russia according to Article 68.1 of the Constitution of Russia.
- ↑ Constitution, Article 69
- ↑ Name used in head of official documents, i.e.: – ТРАНСПОРТ ПАЗА ЧОЛ ХОНИИНЫҢ МИНИСТЕРСТВОЗЫ ХАКАС РЕСПУБЛИКАЗЫ (ХАКАСИЯНЫН МИНТРАНЗЫ)
- ↑ "Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек" [Population of Russia, its federal districts, federal subjects, districts, urban localities, rural localities—administrative centers, and rural localities with population of over 3,000]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года (All-Russia Population Census of 2002) (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service. May 21, 2004. Retrieved February 9, 2012.
- ↑ Demoscope Weekly (1989). "Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров." [All Union Population Census of 1989. Present population of union and autonomous republics, autonomous oblasts and okrugs, krais, oblasts, districts, urban settlements, and villages serving as district administrative centers]. Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года (All-Union Population Census of 1989) (in Russian). Institute of Demographics of the State University—Higher School of Economics. Retrieved February 9, 2012.
- ↑ Постоянное население России на начало 2008 года - 142 миллиона человек. Demoscope.ru. Retrieved on 2013-08-20.
- ↑ В 2007 году естественная убыль снизилась до 478 тысяч человек, а миграционный прирост увеличился до 240 тысяч. Demoscope.ru. Retrieved on 2013-08-20.
- ↑ Каталог публикаций::Федеральная служба государственной статистики. Gks.ru (2010-05-08). Retrieved on 2013-08-20.
- ↑ Перепись-2010: русских становится больше. Perepis-2010.ru (2011-12-19). Retrieved on 2013-08-20.
- ↑ 19.0 19.1 19.2 Arena - Atlas of Religions and Nationalities in Russia. Sreda.org
- ↑ 2012 Survey Maps. "Ogonek", № 34 (5243), 27/08/2012. Retrieved 24-09-2012.
- ↑ Official home page
Sources
- Верховный Совет Республики Хакасия. №45 25 мая 1995 г. «Конституция Республики Хакасия», в ред. Конституционного закона №19-ЗРХ от 13 апреля 2007 г. (Supreme Council of the Republic of Khakassia. #45 May 25, 1995 Constitution of the Republic of Khakassia, as amended by the Constitutional Law #19-ZRKh of April 13, 2007. ).
External links
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