Kensington Society

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The Kensington Society formed in London, England in March 1865. It developed as a forum where rising suffragists discussed women's rights organized their campaign for female suffrage, education and property holding.

The Society met at the Kensington home of Charlotte Manning, Society President, and enjoyed a close relationship with English institutions of higher education amenable to women.[1] Most members were young, unmarried, educated, middle class women. Nine of the original eleven members were not married, suggesting a broader commitment to female empowerment.[2] The Society included: Barbara Bodichon, Emily Davies, Frances Buss, Dorothea Beale, Jessie Boucherett, Elizabeth Garrett Anderson, Helen Taylor, Charlotte Manning, Anna Swanwick, Anne Clough, and the tireless worker for disadvantaged girls,[3] Rosamond Davenport Hill.[4] Another early member, Emilia Russell Gurney was the wife of Russell Gurney who introduced legislation in parliament on women's rights to property and to practise medicine.[5] Membership expanded to thirty-three members by the official founding, a total of fifty-eight members in the following year and sixty-seven by its end in 1868.[6]

In the interest of maximum efficiency and discussion quality, each member submitted a discussion question before meetings. Charlotte Manning, Isa Craig, and Emily Davies selected the three questions of “greatest interest” to the group and present them. The members exchanged response papers and discussed them at the following meeting.[7] By giving all of its members the opportunity to participate in constructive debate and discussion, the Society allowed competent and educated women to articulate their thoughts further expansion of the suffrage and more egalitarian political movements.

On April 28, 1866, Society members Barbara Bodichon, Emily Davies and Jessie Boucherett drafted a petition for the enfranchisement of, “all householders, without distinction of sex, who possess such property or rental qualifications as your Honorable House may determine.”[8] This petition was the first of its kind, but cleverly and specifically excluded married women, whose enfranchised husbands held their property and held the power to stifle the document. The Kensington Society relied on social networks to obtain 1,499 signatures.[9] The Society petitioned Henry Fawcett and John Stuart Mill, Parliament members who favored universal suffrage. Mill added an amendment giving women equal political rights to the Reform Bill in 1866 and, with Fawcett, presented it to Parliament. The legislature defeated the amendment with a 196 to 73 vote, but the Kensington Society persisted.

Following this defeat, the Society decided to try new tactics. On July 5, 1867 the Kensington Society became the London National Society for Women’s Suffrage and formed a loose federation with a similar group based in Manchester and Edinburgh called the National Society for Women’s Suffrage (NSWS).[10] Eventually, seventeen similar organizations allied and became the National Union of Women’s Suffrage Societies (NUWSS) and were key to the ultimate success of the women's suffrage movement.

The Kensington Society facilitated discussion between progressive and driven women of 19th Century London. Their discussion and political actions served as the foundation for women's suffrage movements and catalyzed political action. Several of its members continued advocating change to and beyond the point where English women exercised the right to vote. Though only officially active from 1865 to 1868, the Kensington Society served a crucial role in the establishment of women’s suffrage in the United Kingdom.

References

  1. ↑ Ann Dingsdale, “Kensington Society (act. 1865–1868)”, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, online edn, Oxford University Press, online edn, Oct 2008 http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/theme/92488 (accessed 19 March 2009)
  2. ↑ Andrew Rosen, Rise Up, Women! (London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1974), 5.
  3. ↑ "A Remarkable Woman". The Register (Adelaide, SA : 1901 - 1929) (Adelaide, SA: National Library of Australia). 24 December 1904. p. 9. Retrieved 18 February 2012. 
  4. ↑ Janus of Cambridge Libraries, “Personal Papers of Sarah Emily Davies,” Janus, http://janus.lib.cam.ac.uk/db/node.xsp?id=EAD%2FGBR%2F0271%2FGCPP%20Davies%2010.
  5. ↑ "Manning, Mrs Charlotte (MNN869Cw)". A Cambridge Alumni Database. University of Cambridge. 
  6. ↑ Andrew Rosen, “Emily Davies and the Women’s Movement, 1862-1867”, The Journal of British Studies, Vol. 19, No. 1 (1979), JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/175684?seq=7&Search=yes&term=%22kensington+society%22&list=show&searchUri=%2Faction%2FdoBasicSearch%3FQuery%3D%2522kensington%2Bsociety%2522%26x%3D0%26y%3D0%26wc%3Don&item=1&ttl=12&returnArticleService=showArticle&resultsServiceName=doBasicResultsFromArticle
  7. ↑ Andrew Rosen, “Emily Davies and the Women’s Movement, 1862-1867”, The Journal of British Studies, Vol. 19, No. 1 (1979), JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/175684?seq=7&Search=yes&term=%22kensington+society%22&list=show&searchUri=%2Faction%2FdoBasicSearch%3FQuery%3D%2522kensington%2Bsociety%2522%26x%3D0%26y%3D0%26wc%3Don&item=1&ttl=12&returnArticleService=showArticle&resultsServiceName=doBasicResultsFromArticle
  8. ↑ Andrew Rosen, Rise Up, Women! (London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1974), 6.
  9. ↑ Ann Dingsdale, “Kensington Society (act. 1865–1868)”, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, online edn, Oxford University Press, online edn, Oct 2008 http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/theme/92488 (accessed 19 March 2009)
  10. ↑ Andrew Rosen, Rise Up, Women! (London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1974), 7.

Further reading

External links

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