Kazuhiko Nishijima
Kazuhiko Nishijima | |
---|---|
Born |
4 October 1926 Tsuchiura, Japan |
Died |
15 February 2009 Tokyo, Japan |
Nationality | Japanese |
Fields |
Theoretical physics Particle physics |
Institutions |
Osaka City University Max Planck Institute for Physics Institute for Advanced Study University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign University of Tokyo Kyoto University Chuo University |
Alma mater |
University of Tokyo Osaka University |
Known for |
Strangeness Gell-Mann–Nishijima formula |
Kazuhiko Nishijima (西島 和彦 Nishijima Kazuhiko) (4 October 1926 – 15 February 2009) was a Japanese physicist who made significant contributions to particle physics. He was professor emeritus at the University of Tokyo and Kyoto University until his death in 2009.[1]
He was born in Tsuchiura, Japan. He is most well known for the product of his collaboration with Murray Gell-Mann[citation needed], the Gell-Mann–Nishijima formula, and the concept of strangeness, which he called the "eta-charge" or "η-charge", after the eta meson (η).[1][2] [3]
Life
Nishijima was born in Tsuchiura, Japan on 4 October 1926.[3] He obtained his diploma in physics at the University of Tokyo in 1948, and his PhD from Osaka University in 1955 for his thesis on the nuclear potential.[3]
In 1950, while at Osaka University, Nishijima was hired by Yoichiro Nambu to work on the theory of strong interactions and of strange particles (then called V particles).[3] While studying the decay of these particles, Nishijima developed, with Tadao Nakano, and independently of Murray Gell-Mann, a formula that would relate the quantum numbers of these particles, the Gell-Mann–Nishijima formula (or sometimes the NNG formula, for Nishijima, Nakano, and Gell-Mann).[3]
where Q is the electric charge, I3 is the isospin projection, B is the baryon number, and S is the strangeness quantum number of the particle. This formula was pivotal for the later development of the quark model by Gell-Mann[4] and George Zweig[5][6] in 1964 (independently of each other).
From 1956 to 1958, Nishijima worked in Göttingen, Germany, upon the invitation of Werner Heisenberg.[3] In 1958, he moved to the United States and joined the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, New Jersey.[3] A year and a half later, he became a professor at the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign.[3] In 1966, he returned to the University of Tokyo, where he founded a theoretical physics research group and served in some administrative positions.[3] From 1986 until 1989 and again from 1995 until 2005, he was the president of the Nishina Memorial Foundation, a foundation that promotes physics in Japan.[3]
Nishijima kept active in research until near the end of his life. His last subjects of research were color confinement and noncommutative quantum field theory.[3] He died of leukemia on 15 February 2009 at the age of 82.[1][3]
Books
- Nishijima, K (1963). Fundamental Particles. W. A. Benjamin. OCLC 536472.
- Nishijima, K (1998) [1974]. Fields and Particles: Field Theory and Dispersion Relations (4th ed.). Benjamin Cummings. ISBN 0-8053-7399-3.
Awards
- Nishina Memorial Prize[3]
- Japan Academy Prize[3]
- Order of Culture of Japan[3][7]
- Guggenheim Fellowship[8]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 "Particle Physicist Kazuhiko Nishijima dies at 82". The Japan Times. 18 February 2009. Retrieved 2010-07-16.
- ↑ Nishijima, K (1955). "Charge Independence Theory of V Particles". Progress of Theoretical Physics 13 (3): 285. Bibcode:1955PThPh..13..285N. doi:10.1143/PTP.13.285.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.9 3.10 3.11 3.12 3.13 3.14 Nambu, Y. (2009). "Kazuhiko Nishijima". Physics Today 62 (8): 58. Bibcode:2009PhT....62h..58N. doi:10.1063/1.3206100.
- ↑ Gell-Mann, M (1964). "A Schematic Model of Baryons and Mesons". Physics Letters 8 (3): 214–215. Bibcode:1964PhL.....8..214G. doi:10.1016/S0031-9163(64)92001-3.
- ↑ Zweig, G (1964). "An SU(3) Model for Strong Interaction Symmetry and its Breaking". CERN Report No.8181/Th 8419.
- ↑ Zweig, G (1964). "An SU(3) Model for Strong Interaction Symmetry and its Breaking: II". CERN Report No.8419/Th 8412.
- ↑ "本学名誉教授の西島和彦先生が平成15年度の文化勲章を受章" (in Japanese). University of Tokyo. Retrieved 2010-07-16.
- ↑ "Kazuhiko Nishijima, Guggenheim Fellow 1965". John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation. Retrieved 2009-08-18.
Further reading
- Kawarabayashi, K (1987). A, Ukawa, ed. Wandering in the Fields: Festschrift for Professor Kazuhiko Nishijima on the Occasion of His Sixtieth Birthday. World Scientific. ISBN 9971-5-0363-8.
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