Karen National Union

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Karen National Union

Seal of the Karen National Union
Abbreviation KNU
Formation February 5, 1947 (1947-02-05)
Type Ethnic organization
Location South and Southeastern Burma
Official languages Karen languages
Secretary General Secretary General
Leader Naw Zipporrah Sein
President Saw Tamlabaw
Vice President David Tharckabaw
Affiliations Karen National Liberation Army
Website www.karennationalunion.net
Flag of kawthoolei

The Karen National Union (Burmese: ကရင် အမျိုးသား အစည်းအရုံး; abbreviated KNU) is a political organisation with an armed wing, the Karen National Liberation Army (KNLA) that represents the Karen people of Burma. It operates in mountainous eastern Burma, and has underground networks in other areas of Burma where Karen people live as a minority group. In the Karen language, this area is called Kawthoolei. Some of the Karen, led primarily by the Karen National Union (KNU), have waged a war against the central government since early 1949. The aim of the KNU at first was independence. Since 1976 the armed group has called for a federal system rather than an independent Karen State.

In January 2012, Burma's military-backed civilian government signed a ceasefire deal with the KNU in Hpa-an, the capital of eastern Kayin State. Aung Min, the Railway Minister, and General Mutu Saipo of the KNU led the peace talks.[1]

Overview

The representative of the organization in the United Kingdom is Nant Bwa Bwa Phan.

The KNU was dominated for three decades by its longtime leader Bo Mya, who was president from 1976–2000. The KNU was for many years able to fund its activities by controlling black market trade across the border with Thailand, and through local taxation. After the failed 8888 Uprising of the Burmese people in 1988, the Burmese military government turned to China for help in consolidating its power. Various economic concessions were offered to China in exchange for weapons. The Burmese Army was massively expanded and began to offer deals to groups fighting the government. The groups were offered the choice of cooperating with the military junta or being destroyed.

In 1994, a group of Buddhist soldiers in the KNLA, citing discrimination by the KNU's overwhelmingly Christian leadership against the Buddhist Karen majority, broke away and established the Democratic Karen Buddhist Army (DKBA). They were led by a monk widely thought to be an agent of the Burmese dictatorship.[citation needed] The DKBA quickly agreed to a ceasefire with the Burmese army and was granted business concessions at the expense of their former KNU overlords. The KNU and DKBA have since been in regular fighting, with the DKBA actively supported by the Burmese army.

The KNU's effectiveness was severely diminished after the fall of its headquarters at Manerplaw, near the Thai border, in 1995.

Padoh Mahn Sha La Phan, the secretary-general of the union was shot dead in his home in Mae Sot, Thailand, on 14 February 2008, possibly by soldiers of the DKBA.[2][3][4]

Since then, the KNU and KNLA have continued to fight the Burma state military (Tatmadaw) by forming guerrilla units and basing themselves in temporary jungle camps on the Thai-Burmese border. Following its principle of no surrender, the KNU continues despite a precarious state of existence. Nonetheless, their fight continues to garner the sympathy of people around the world since the KNU has been fighting for the Karen people, one of the many ethnic nationalities of Burma that are experiencing ethnic cleansing under the military regime's Four Cuts campaigns (Pyat Lay Pyat), a strategy where intelligence, finances, food and recruits are eliminated through a scorched-earth policy. [citation needed]

Several attempts have been made to conclude a form of peace with Burma's military junta, the State Peace and Development Council (SPDC), but with little success. The 2004 peace talks yielded only an informal ceasefire which the regime used to reinforce their frontline troops. Analysts realized this was a ruse, and sure enough, offensives against KNU held areas have resumed in earnest.

The Karen conflict is the longest internal war in the world, having been waged since 31 January 1949.[5] The KNU wants a political settlement and supports a federal Burma.[citation needed]

Following the assassination of Padoh Mahn Sha elections were held and the current Secretary General of the KNU is Naw Zipporrah Sein.[6] She was formerly head of the Karen Women's Organisation.[7]

In March 2012, a senior political leader of KNU, Phado Mahn Nyein Maung, was found guilty of high treason under the Illegal Association Act, for his involvement with the Karen rebellion and sentenced to 20 years.[8] He was freed soon afterward and sent back to Thailand.[9]

Direction (2011)

  • Secretary General: Naw Zipporrah Sein
  • Vice President: David Tharckabaw
  • President: Saw Tamlabaw

Timeline

1974

KNU 9th congress held in September 1974[10]

1995

KNU 11th congress.[11]

2000

KNU 12th congress.[11]

2005

The 13th KNU congress was held from 12 to 16 December.[12]

2008

The 14th KNU congress was held from 6 to 20 Oct. It was held on KNU-controlled territory[12]

2009

Karen National Union's fighting force has been reduced to 3000–5000 fighters[13] and on 25 June KNLA's Brigade 7 headquarters is overrun.[14]

2010

On 2 November 2010, the Karen National Union became members of an alliance which includes: the Karen National Union (KNU), Karenni National Progressive Party (KNPP), Chin National Front (CNF), Kachin Independence Organisation (KIO), New Mon State Party (NMSP) and the Shan State Army North (SSA-N). [15]

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Burma government signs ceasefire with Karen rebels". BBC News. 12 January 2012. 
  2. ↑ Radnofsky, Louise (14 February 2008). "Burmese rebel leader shot dead". The Guardian (London). Retrieved 14 February 2008. 
  3. ↑ "Burmese rebel leader is shot dead". BBC News. 14 February 2008. Retrieved 8 March 2008. 
  4. ↑ Radnofsky, Louise (14 February 2008). "Burmese rebel leader shot dead". The Guardian (London). Retrieved 8 March 2008. 
  5. ↑ "Burma's Longest War: Anatomy of the Karen Conflict". Tni.org. Retrieved 14 January 2012. 
  6. ↑ "Naw Zipporah Sein". Facebook. Retrieved 14 January 2012. 
  7. ↑ "Karenwomen". Karenwomen. Retrieved 14 January 2012. 
  8. ↑ "Myanmar court jails ethnic rebel leader for high treason". Daily Times. 14 March 2012. Retrieved 14 March 2012. 
  9. ↑ "Burma frees ethnic Karen rebel leader". BBC News. 19 March 2012. Retrieved 22 March 2012. 
  10. ↑ "1970’s Struggle for Identity". Burmalibrary.org. Retrieved 14 January 2012. 
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 "Interview with Padoh Mahn Sha Lah Phan". Burmadigest.info. Retrieved 14 January 2012. 
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 "KNU holds its 14th congress". Dvb.no. 16 December 2005. Retrieved 14 January 2012. 
  13. ↑ Post. "The Times March 24, 2009 Burma: world's longest war nears its end". The Times. UK. Retrieved 14 January 2012. 
  14. ↑ "KNU Headquarters Overrun: Now What?". Irrawaddy.org. Retrieved 14 January 2012. 
  15. ↑ "Armed ethnic groups denied vote form historic alliance". Mizzima.com. 3 November 2010. Retrieved 14 January 2012. 

External links

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