Kalinovik

Kalinovik Калиновик
View on Kalinovik
Location of Kalinovik within Bosnia and Herzegovina
Coordinates: 43°30′N 18°27′E / 43.500°N 18.450°E / 43.500; 18.450
Country	Bosnia and Herzegovina
Entity	Republika Srpska
Government
• Mayor	Slavko Sladoje (SDS)
Area
• Total	681,15 km2 (26,299 sq mi)
Population (2013 census)
• Total	2,240
• Density	3,3/km2 (90/sq mi)
Time zone	CET (UTC+1)
• Summer (DST)	CEST (UTC+2)
Area code(s)	57
Website	http://www.kalinovik.net

Kalinovik (Cyrillic Калиновик) is a town and municipality in the Republika Srpska entity of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Kalinovik is located about 40 kilometres south of Sarajevo, in the middle of one of the karstic landscapes characteristic of the region. Water erosion has left the calcareous plateaus strewn with dolines and poljes (sinkholes and flat-floored depressions).

The municipality has a population of only 2,500, down from 4,657 in 1991. The municipality adjoins the municipality of Konjic, with which the boundary also forms part of the Inter-Entity Boundary Line (IEBL) between the two constituent entities of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Geography

Kalinovik is located about 70 kilometres south of Sarajevo, in the middle of one of the Karstic landscapes characteristic of the region. The calcareous plateaus, eaten into by water, are strewn with valleys or fields, types of sinkhole-like lunar craters.^[1]

The municipality adjoins the municipality of Konjic. The towns of Konjic and Kalinovik are connected by an asphalt road. Communications were disrupted when the bridge over the Ljuta river at Dindo was destroyed in autumn 1995, in the last months of the war, but were restored after a replacement bridge was constructed in 2002.^[2]

The boundary between the municipalities of Konjic and Kalinovik also forms part of the Inter-Entity Boundary Line (IEBL) between the two constituent entities of Bosnia and Herzegovina.^[3]

Climate

Climate in this area has mild dfferences between highs and lows, and there is adequate rainfall year round. The Köppen Climate Classification subtype for this climate is "Cfb" (Marine West Coast Climate/Oceanic climate).

Settlements

• Bak • Bojići • Boljanovići • Borija • Božanovići • Brda • Bukvica • Cerova • Čestaljevo • Daganj • Dobro Polje • Dragomilići • Dubrava • Gapići • Golubići • Gradina • Graiseljići • Gvozno • Hotovlje • Hreljići • Jablanići • Jažići • Jelašci • Jezero • Kalinovik • Klinja • Kolakovići • Kovačići • Krbljine • Kruščica • Kuta • Kutine • Luko • Ljusići • Ljuta • Mekoča • Mjehovina • Mosorovići • Mušići • Nedavić • Obadi • Obalj • Obrnja • Osija • Plačikus • Pločnik • Polje • Popovići • Porija • Presjedovac • Rajac • Rastovac • Ruđice • Sela • Sijerča • Sočani • Strane • Susječno • Šivolji • Tmuše • Tomišlja • Trešnjevica • Trnovica, Kalinovik • Tuhobić • Ulog • Unukovići • Varizi • Varoš • Vihovići • Vlaholje • Vrhovina • Vujinovići • Zelomići

History

Middle Ages

Ottoman period

Habsburgs

Yugoslavia

Bosnian War

Between April 1992 and April 1993 during the first year of the Bosnian war the municipality of Kalinovik Muslim population left Kalinovik,moving into Muslim forces controlling areas.Grave crimes were committed against Muslim civilians in Kalinovik by the Bosnian Serbs Ratko Bundalo and Nedjo Zeljaja.^[5]

Bundalo was commander of the Tactical Group in Kalinovik and Zeljaja was commander of the Public Safety Station. Under their authority civilians were detained in the "Miladin Radojevic" school building in 1992. Members of paramilitary units who "mistreated all residents, irrespective of ethnicity" took part in the rape of women and other physical abuse of detainees in the school. Men prisoners were taken out and beaten, and some never returned. Aleksandar Cerovina and Slavko Lalović were mentioned by witnesses as accomplices in the crimes and Cerovina as having been involved in intimidation of witnesses.^[6]

On 21 December 2009 the Court of Bosnia and Herzegovina found Bundalo and Zeljaja guilty of persecution, murder, detention and torture of Muslims from April 1992 to March 1993. Bundalo was sentenced to 19 years in prison, Zeljaja to 15 years. A third defendant. Djordjislav Askraba, director of the Barutni Magacin detention camp, was acquitted due to lack of evidence.^[7]

In autumn 1995 the Bosnian Army destroyed the bridge over the Ljuta river at Dindo to prevent Bosnian Serb tanks attacking Konjic and the Neretva valley. The road link between the towns of Konjic and Kalinovik was restored in 2002 when a Bailey Bridge across the river was constructed by a Spanish army engineering section of SFOR in a UNHCR-led initiative.^[8]

Post-war social developments

There is unemployment and rural deprivation in Kalinovik.^[9] The Upper Drina valley, devastated by the war and bisected by the inter-entity boundary, remains troubled by deep-seated divisions and difficult community relations. Political obstruction by hard-line politicians has isolated the area from international development assistance and the economic mainstream. Core economic problems are exacerbated by geographical remoteness and the mountainous region is peripheral to regional and national markets. Many local communities are among the most deprived in Bosnia.^[10]

The war crimes indictee and fugitive Ratko Mladić remains an influential presence locally. Friends and family still express support for him and regard him as a hero though local people are reluctant to talk to outsiders.^[11] Serbian officials have said that comrades from Kalinovik are among Mladic's support network.^[12]

Once a prosperous Austro-Hungarian military stronghold, Kalinovik is now an impoverished rural municipality with a population of only 2,500. During the Bosnian war the area was ethnically cleansed of its Bosniak (Muslim) population by the Bosnian Serb authorities. Many of its Serb inhabitants have since left in search of better lives elsewhere.^[13][14]

Newcomers from Sarajevo have settled in the town.^[15] The traditional domestic role of women in Kalinovik has changed since Verica Elez, a professor of Serbian language and literature and an newcomer, began to encourage local women to take advantage of the post-war development opportunities offered by international organizations concerned with women’s issues and with strengthening the role of women in rural communities. The women’s group she is president of collaborates with NGOs to obtain computers, develop marketing opportunities and encourage women to take on management roles. The NGO IFAD has supported development in Kalinovik through rural infrastructure reconstruction, credit for livestock, and training and seminars. Some women are involved in wool processing (weaving and scarf and blanket making) and are planning a weaving workshop, others work in milk collection and processing.^[16]

Demographics

1971

9.458 total

• Serbs - 5.536 (58,53%)
• Muslims (Bosniaks) - 3.796 (40,13%)
• Croats - 44 (0,46%)
• Yugoslavs - 20 (0,21%)
• others - 62 (0,67%)

1991

In 1991, the population of Kalinovik municipality was 4,657, including:

• 2,821 Serbs (See: Serbs of Bosnia and Herzegovina)
• 1,726 Bosniaks
• 46 Yugoslavs
• 18 Croats (See: Croats of Bosnia and Herzegovina)
• 46 others

People

• Bosnian Serb Army General Ratko Mladić, indicted on war crimes charges^[17] by the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia, was born in the village of Božanovići, in the municipality of Kalinovik^[18]
• Momčilo Mandić, Republika Srpska Justice minister,^[19] was born in Kalinovik.^[20]
• Srđan Puhalo, blogger and the first person from Kalinovik to open a Twitter account.

See also

• Municipalities of Republika Srpska

References

v t e Political divisions of Bosnia and Herzegovina v t e Entities of Bosnia and Herzegovina Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina Republika Srpska v t e Cantons of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina      Una-Sana  Central Bosnia  Posavina  Herzegovina-Neretva  Tuzla  West Herzegovina  Zenica-Doboj  Sarajevo  Bosnian Podrinje  Canton 10 v t e Districts of Bosnia and Herzegovina Brčko distrikt v t e Municipalities and cities in Bosnia and Herzegovina Capital Sarajevo Municipalities of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina Banovići Bihać Bosanska Krupa Bosanski Petrovac Bosansko Grahovo Bugojno Busovača Bužim Čapljina Cazin Čelić Centar, Sarajevo Čitluk Drvar Doboj East Doboj South Dobratići Domaljevac-Šamac Donji Vakuf Foča-Ustikolina Fojnica Glamoč Goražde Gornji Vakuf-Uskoplje Gračanica Gradačac Grude Hadžići Ilidža Ilijaš Jablanica Jajce Kakanj Kalesija Kiseljak Kladanj Ključ Konjic Kreševo Kupres Livno Ljubuški Lukavac Maglaj Mostar Neum Novi Grad, Sarajevo Novo Sarajevo Novi Travnik Odžak Olovo Orašje Pale-Prača Posušje Prozor-Rama Ravno Sanski Most Sapna Široki Brijeg Srebrenik Stari Grad, Sarajevo Stolac Teočak Tešanj Tomislavgrad Travnik Trnovo (FBiH) Tuzla Usora Vareš Velika Kladuša Visoko Vitez Vogošća Zavidovići Zenica Žepče Živinice Municipalities and cities of Republika Srpska Cities: Grad Banja Luka Grad Bijeljina Grad Doboj Grad Istočno Sarajevo Grad Prijedor Grad Trebinje Municipalities: Berkovići Bileća Brod Bratunac Čajniče Čelinac Derventa Donji Žabar Foča Gacko Gradiška Han Pijesak Istočni Drvar Istočna Ilidža Istočni Mostar Istočni Stari Grad Istočno Novo Sarajevo Jezero Kalinovik Kneževo Kostajnica Kozarska Dubica Kotor Varoš Krupa na Uni Kupres Laktaši Ljubinje Lopare Milići Modriča Mrkonjić Grad Nevesinje Novi Grad Novo Goražde Osmaci Oštra Luka Pale Pelagićevo Petrovac Petrovo Prnjavor Ribnik Rogatica Rudo Šamac Šekovići Šipovo Sokolac Srbac Srebrenica Teslić Trnovo Ugljevik Višegrad Vlasenica Vukosavlje Zvornik

Coordinates: 43°30′N 18°27′E / 43.500°N 18.450°E / 43.500; 18.450

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