Kaituna River
| Kaituna River | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Origin | Lake Rotoiti |
| Mouth | Te Tumu |
| Basin countries | New Zealand |
| Length | 50 km (31 mi) (approx) |
| Avg. discharge | 39 m³/s (1377 ft³/s)[1] |
The Kaituna River is located in the Bay of Plenty region of the North Island of New Zealand. It is the outflow from Lakes Rotorua and Rotoiti, and flows northwards for 45 kilometres, emptying into the Bay of Plenty near Te Puke. It was the subject of a claim concerning the effluent flowing down the river from Lake Rotorua, which resulted in movement to a land treatment system.
The upper section of the Kaituna offers some of the best white-water kayaking and rafting in the world, with Okere Falls containing the highest commercially rafted waterfall (7 metres) in the world. It is also famous for its trout fishing.
Kaituna River claim
During the 1970s Lake Rotorua was becoming eutrophic under heavy nutrient loadings, leading the Ministry of Works to propose diverting some sewage flow into the Kaituna River. Local iwi objected however, and filed a claim with the Waitangi Tribunal. Their objections included the insult to other iwi (leading to loss of mana) and destruction of the rivers mauri (life force or essence) which they believed would destroy its ability to sustain aquatic life. The Ministry of Works report however stated that the mauri concept was essentially religious in nature and not scientifically verifiable, while on the other hand diluting the waste would help prevent excess pollution and keep costs at a reasonable level. In Māori culture religion and science are not treated separately as they tend to be in Western culture.
In 1990 however, the Rotorua Land Treatment Scheme saw an upgrade to treatment facilities to remove 80% of nitrogen and phosphorus from the effluent,[2] and land application to reduce eutrophication and satisfy Māori cultural wishes. This has led to better environmental, economic and cultural outcomes for all parties.
Power Generation
The upper reaches of the Kaituna river was the site of a small power station which was in operation from 1901 to 1936, the first generating plant built by the New Zealand government. Several proposals for a larger power station have been considered, however the high cost of these projects has ment that none have been built to date.[3]
Currently there is a consultation regarding the installation of a new 13.5 MW hydro electric power dam below the river at the end of Trout Pool Road;[4] this will involve the creation of a man made dam and the flooding of some land and destroying a section of river known as "Awesome Gorge" and leaving the section known as "Gnarly Gorge" with a highly reduced flow; kayaking and rafting groups and local iwi have raised objections.[citation needed]
Whitewater
The Kaituna river is a world famous white-water destination. The river has been run regularly by rafting and kayak since 1991. It is used for recreational kayaking, commercial tandem kayaking, rafting and sledging. It is a winter destination for paddlers from the northern hemisphere. The entrance to the upper gorge contains a slalom course that has been used by international teams for their offseason training prior to world championships and olympic competition. The upper gorge contains a number of play features, including the famous "bottom hole". The entire river has been run. The temperate rainforest, warm water, and its unusual character means the river is well known in international whitewater kayak videos.
References
- ↑ Environment Bay of Plenty. "Draft Kaituna River and Ongatoro/Maketu Estuary Strategy". Retrieved 2010-10-01.
- ↑ "Newsletter of the New Zealand Land Treatment Collective (NZLTC)". Retrieved 2007-04-10.
- ↑ Martin, John E. (1998). People, politics and power stations : electric power generation in New Zealand, 1880-1998.
- ↑ "Generation — Kaituna Bay of Planty Energy". Retrieved 2008-12-15.
Coordinates: 37°44′54″S 176°24′54″E / 37.748394°S 176.415125°E