Kaimganj

Kaimganj Qaimganj
city
Kaimganj Location in Uttar Pradesh, India
Coordinates: [//tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?pagename=Kaimganj&params=27.57_N_79.35_E_type:city(31150)_region: 27°34′N 79°21′E / 27.57°N 79.35°E / 27.57; 79.35]Coordinates: [//tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?pagename=Kaimganj&params=27.57_N_79.35_E_type:city(31150)_region: 27°34′N 79°21′E / 27.57°N 79.35°E / 27.57; 79.35]
Country	India
State	Uttar Pradesh
District	Farrukhabad
Elevation	147 m (482 ft)
Population (2011)
• Total	31,150
• Density	435/km2 (1,130/sq mi)
Languages
• Official	Hindi, Urdu
Time zone	IST (UTC+5:30)
PIN	209502
Telephone code	05690
Vehicle registration	UP-76
Sex ratio	848 ♂/♀

Kaimganj, also rendered as Qai is a city in Farrukhabad district in the Indian State of Uttar Pradesh. Kaimganj is connected to all the major cities of north India by roads and Railway network. Kaimganj Railway Station is a major station between Farrukhabad and Kasganj on Rajputana railway link of North Eastern Railway.

Description

Kaimganj is just 10 km away from the ancient city of Kampil on the left bank of great river Ganges in Farrukhabad district. Kaimganj was founded by Nawab Mohammad Khan Bangash in 1713 and named after his son Qaim Khan,^[1] who was its first administrator of this town. The meaning of the word Ganj is market place.

This town is also associated with Dhruva, Draupadi and Charak. The famous book on Ayurveda, Charaka Samhita was also written in the same town.

This town is the birthplace of Zakir Hussain who was the third President of India from 13 May 1967 until his death on 3 May 1969, and the founder of Jamia Milia Islamia.^[1] It is also the birthplace of the Pakistan Army's General Rahimuddin Khan, who was also Balochistan's longest-serving governor. Ghulam Rabbani Khan TAANBA a well-known poet.

Climate

The climate of the district is characterised by a hot dry summer and a pleasant cold season.

Geography

Kaimganj is located at 27°34′N 79°21′E / 27.57°N 79.35°E / 27.57; 79.35.^[2] It has an average elevation of 144 metres (472 feet).

Demographics

As of 2011 India census,^[3] Kaimganj had a population of 31,150. Males constitute 53.20% of the population and females 46.8%. Kaimganj has an average literacy rate of 64%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 68%, and female literacy is 58%. In Kaimganj, 15% of the population is under 6 years of age.^[4]===

Economy

The city is well known for its chewing tobacco and sugar mill. The tobacco cultivated in Kaimganj is cured by the sun and contains good amounts of nicotine. The tobacco is crushed into various sizes. A large range of different qualities are available. Tobacco is supplied to all the leading chewing tobacco manufacturers. The total turn over of the city is over seven crore per day, which includes internal and external trade. Kaimganj is the largest raw tobacco producer in Northern India, and is also the home town of KAKA Industries.

Besides the tobacco business, the city is also a potato hub and exports potatoes to nearly all of India from Jammu & Kashmir to Tamil Nadu and Gujarat to Assam.

There is also a famous Sugar Mill of U.P. at Kaimganj established by Mr. Sultan Alam Khan (inaugurated by Mrs. Indira Gandhi) which crushes a large amount of sugarcane.

Education

SNM Inter College is the oldest educational institution. Earlier it was called George AV School which was founded by Pandit Pyarelal Chaturvedi. At that time it was up to Class XII only.^[5]C.P.VidyaNiketan (affiliated to I.S.C., New Delhi), a coeducational public school established in the year 1991 under the aegis of C.P.VidyaNiketan Educational Society. It has been promote by the Great Philanthropists of this region-Shri. C.P. Aggarwal (chairman), Shri. S.P. Aggarwal (Secretary) and Shri L.N. Aggarwal (treasurer) in order to provide the quality Education to the aspirant Children through this progressive School. The school strives to achieve this aim through highly qualified and experienced staff by imparting education on modern lines, adopting modern Techniques.Sultan alam memorial DPS is CBSE school from World famous international group of schools in the town.In old days Kaimganj was also famous in nearby areas for religious preachings by Sufi saints and Maulvies. Old and Famous co-educational Islamic school 'Madarsa Arabia Talimul Islam' established by Haji Alla Bakhsh at Chhapatti, chilanka serves the religious & modern educations up to 5th standard for Muslim students of the town.Shah Public School(now HO Academy),CP Vidya Niketan and kiran public schools are famous English medium schools of the town. There are also four-degree colleges Viz. Vidya Mandir degree college, L Y degree college, Shakunatala devi mahila degree college, Dr. Ramnaryan mahila degree college.There is a famous social and educational research society named Educare Institute of technical and social development situated at Pathak street. the oldest computer center of the town, Educare computer institute is running under this society.There are also two ITI which provides vocational skill to local youth Viz.^[6]Pratap Pvt ITI and Ramswaroop ITI at bakhtorpur.Recently a new english medium school started this year 2013 named AP Public school which is affilated to CBSE Board promoted by the family of local business tycoon Late Shyam Bihari Rastogi.

History of the town

In 1748 Muhammad Shah was succeeded by his son Ahmad Shah, who shortly afterwards was appointed Safdar Jang. The Durrani invasions of Nadir Shah in 1739 and Ahmad Shah Durrani in 1748 had severely shaken the stability of the central government, and given to the provincial governors a dangerous degree of power. One of the most influential of these was Ali Muhammad in Rohilkhand, and the new wajir, who had already quarrelled with him, looked with apprehension on his growing prestige. With Qaim Khan, the son of Muhammad Khan, he had also a hereditary feud, and he determined to set his two enemies at one another's throats, being certain to be himself the gainer whatever the event. Accordingly on the death od Ali Muhammad in 1749, after an abortive attempt to overthrow his successor by other means, an imperial farman was issued to Qaim Khan conferring on him the mahals of Bareilly and Moradabad wrongfully usurped by Sadullah Khan, the son of Ali Muhammad.

Qaim Khan fell into the trap laid for him and set out to the conquest of his new territories with a large force. At Qadirganj on the Ganges in the Etah district, he was defeated by the Rohillas under Hafiz Rahmat Khan and killed. Safdar Jang at ones attempted to seize Farrukhabad and the other Bangash parganas, but Ahmad Khan, the son of Qaim Khan, collected his adherents and in 1750 defeated the Wajir General Nawab Rae at Khuaganj, and the Wajit soon afterwards near Patiali. Had the ambition and enterprise of Ahmad Khan been equal to his personal courage there is little doubt that he might now have pushed on to Delhi and made himself master of the Emperors person and virtual sovereign. He was, however, far too easy-going in disposition to embark on such a scheme and contented himself with the recovery of his family, former territories and the recognition of his title to them from the Emperor. The administration of the various parganas was given to his brothers and relations, Shikohabad, which included Sakit, Kuraoli and Alikhera, going to Azim Khan, and Bhongaon and Bewar to the Majhle Nawab, Shadi Khan was sent to occupy Kora, but was opposed and defeated by Ali Quli Khan, the deputy in the Allahabad Subah. Ahmad Khans reluctance to move was overcome by the insistence of his counselors and he was persuaded to advance on Allahabad in person. While he was besieging that town the wajir had had time to recover from his defeat and had called in the Marathas to his assistance.

The approach of the united armies towards Farrukhabad obliged Ahmad Khan to raise the siege of Allahabad, and after some discussion he decided to return to protect his own home. But the discouragement produced by this retreat proved too much for his mercenaries and they melted away until when he reached Fatehgarh he had too small a force to attempt to do more than hold the fort. After a month's siege a Rohilla army under Sadullah Khan and Bahadur Khan came down to his assistance, but was defeated by the Marathas, and Ahmad Khan then fled through Rohilkhand to Kumaon, where he remained till 1752, when a fresh invasion of India by Ahmad Shah Durrani made Safdar Jang and the Marathas anxious for pease. It was agreed that Rohilkhand and Farrukhabad should be evacuated on condition that Ahmad Khan took over the debt of thirty lakhs of rupees due from Safdar Jang to the Marathas as pay for their services, ceding as security for the debt sixteen and a half of the thirty three mahals comprised in his territories. The management of the whole remained in the hands of Ahmad Khan, who paid the surplus revenue, after deducting the cost of management and the pay of the troops, to two Marathas agents stationed at Kanauj and Aliganj. Payments continued to be made till the battle of Panipat in 1761, when the Marathas left Doab.

1751–1761

It was the most important period in the history when Maratha forces advance in the North and expanded the Empire to the Natural Dimensions of the country. Malharrao Holkar, Jayappa Scindia, Gangadhar Tatya, Tukojirao Holkar, Khanderao Holkar went to help Safdarjung against Shadulla Khan, Ahmed Khan Bangash, Mohamud Khan, Bahadur Khan Rohilla as per the directions of Peshwa Balaji Bajirao. In the Battle of Fategarh and Farrukhabad, they defeated the Rohillas and Bangash (March 1751 – April 1752).

As result of this Battle Rohillas were compelled to pay a compensation amount of 3 million Rupees along with an annual tribute. The amount of tribute was half of the total collections from 33 Mahals of Rohilkhand and Farrukhabad. Rohillas were also forced to pay the total expenses for the management of the troops for Gangwar and Katiyar Maratha sardars stationed at Aliganj and Kannauj respectively. Ahmad Khan continued to pay the amount till the third battle of Panipat in 1761, when the Marathas left Doab.[2]

Malharrao Holkar, Raghunathrao, Shamsher Bahadur, Gangadhar Tatya, Sakharambapu, Naroshankar and Maujiram Bania attacked Delhi on 11 August 1757 and defeated Najib Khan and Ahmed Khan became the Mir Bakshi in his place. In March 1758, they conquered Sarhind. On 20 April 1758, Malharrao Holkar and Raghunathrao attacked and conquered Lahore. Tukojirao Holkar conquered Attock. Sabaji Scindia, Vitthal Shivdev met them at Peshawar. Raghunathrao and Malharrao Holkar returned from Punjab.

1769–1804

In 1969 AD Maratha forces once again crossed Narmada and marched towards north India to penalise Rohillas and Pathans of Rohilkhand and Farrukhabad This time Maratha forces were led by Malhar Rao Holkar and he was assisted by Mahadaji Shinde.In early 1771, ten years after the collapse of Maratha supremacy in north India in the Third Battle of Panipat, Mahadji recaptured Delhi and restored the Mughal Emperor Shah Alam II to the throne in 1772. In the same year he crushed the Rohillas and Pathans in Doab region and captured it. They destroyed Hafiz Rahmat Khan, Ahmed Khan and Zabet Khan completely. Maratha forces completely wiped out the Pathans from this land and established two Maratha colonies to consolidate their claim over this region.

Gangwar and Katiyar Sardars played a great role in all Maratha Missions of North India and a reward to their services towards Hind Swaraj these people were given the charge of their own homeland lost after Mohammadan intrusion to their region during Mogul period. These colonies were established in two strips. The first strip was dominated by Gangwar Sardars ranging from Kaimganj to Pilibhit and second strip was dominated by Katiyar Sardars ranging from Farrukhabad to Bithur. This dominance continued till the Battle of Farrukhabad fought against British Forces in November 1804 during Second Anglo-Maratha War under the leadership of Yashwantrao Holkar.

The description of revenge taken by Maratha Sardars was nicely described by Vinayak Damodar Savarkar in his book Hidu-pad-paadshahi

"The Hindu arms, even without resorting to these barbarous and brutal acts, had struck such terror in the hearts of the Rohillas and Pathans all over the land, that the very sight of a, Maratha trooper was enough to make a whole village of Robilla Moslems take to their heels. Those of their leaders who survived, Bed away to the interior of the forests of Terai. There too it was only the setting in of the rainy season alone that shielded them from the steel of the Maratha vengeance. So terribly had they to pay for Panipat."

Hindu-Pad-Padshahi

Savarkar,pp-136

Contemporary History, Developments and Concerns

Kaimganj process the honour of being ancestral town of Late Dr. Zakir Hussain, Former President of Republic of India. The very famous poet and progressive writer of his time Late Ghulam Rabbani Taban was from this place. Dr Shah Alam Khan, Professor of Orthopaedics at the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi hails from Kaimganj. His references in Orthopaedic literature are well quoted.Late Dr. Abdul Salam Khan(son of famous haqeem Abdul Hai) managing director Indo-German Liaison Office (IGLO). Kaimganj has emerged as a major developed town in the region on infrastructural, economical, educational parts. Mr Salman Khursheed, Unionn State Minister for Company Affairs also hails from Kaimganj.

The major concern in the town today is the ambivalent tobacco industry. No Doubt tobacco industry has contributed a lot in the development of the town – by generating numerous employment opportunities for the poor and rich equally, and thus adding to the prosperity of the town. However, a large increase in the tobacco cultivation and processing in the various godowns located in city's residential premises is adding to the health hazards of the residents. The symptoms of asthma, tuberculosis and other respiratory malfunctions are evident in the people who work in tobacco processing industry and also among the common citizens.

References

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez