Justanids

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The Justanids or Jostanids (Persian: جستانیان‎) were the rulers of part of Daylam (the mountainous district of Gilan[1]) from 791 to 974 AD.[2]

History

The Justanids appear as "Kings of Daylam" at the end of the 8th century. Their centre was in the Rudbar of Alamut, running into the valley of the Shahrood. Two centuries later, this would become the main centre of the historical Nizari Ismailis or Assassins (Hashshashin) as they are known in the west. They appear in Islamic history as part of what Vladimir Minorsky has called "the Iranian intermezzo"[3] where indigenous Daylamite and Kurdish principalities take power in north west Persia after two to three hundred years of Arab rule. The Daylamite upsurge eventually culminated into the Buyid dynasty.

After Marzuban ibn Justan converted to Islam in 805, the ancient family of Justan's became connected to the Zaydi Alids of the Daylam region. The Justanids adopted the Zaydi form of Shi'ism. In the 10th century, they became eclipsed by the Daylamite dynasty of Sallarids in Tarom (modern Iranian province of Zanjan). Nevertheless, the Justanids were tied into marriage with the Sallarids and preserved their seat Rudbar in the highlands of Daylam. They also became allies with the Buyids. In the 11th century, they might have recognized the Suzerainty of the Ghaznavids. With the influx of the Seljuqs, they recognized the Suzerainty of the Seljuqs. But shortly after, they fade away from history.

Justanid Rulers

  • 791 - The 'King of Daylam' Justān I, sheltering 'Alids.
  • 805 - Marzubān ibn Justān, recognized the Caliph Harun al-Rashid at Rey.
  • ? - Justān II ibn Marzubān.
  • 856-905 - Wahsudān ibn Justān II.
  • 905 - Justān III ibn Wahsudān.
  • 919 - Ali ibn Wahsudān, in Abbasid service at Isfahan and Rey from 913 onwards
  • ? Khusraw Firuz ibn Wahsudān, ruler in Rudbar, killed after 919 AD
  • ? Mahdi b. Khusraw Firuz, in Rudbar
  • ? Justan IV, died 940, perhaps father of Manadhar
  • 947 - Manadhar ibn Justān IV, ruling Rubar, died between 969 AD and 972 AD
  • 972-974 - Khusraw Shah b. Manadhar, ruling in Rubar, died between 1002 AD and 1006 AD

Notes

  1. ↑ http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/jostanids
  2. ↑ http://books.google.nl/books?id=arELc_R1orcC&pg=PA86
  3. ↑ Minorsky, Vladimir (1953). Studies in Caucasian History. New York: Taylor’s Foreign Press. 

Literature

  • Clifford Edmund Bosworth, The New Islamic Dynasties: A Chronological and Genealogical Manual, Columbia University, 1996.
  • Minorsky, Vladimir, Studies in Caucasian History. New York: Taylor’s Foreign Press, 1953.
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