Junot Díaz

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Junot Díaz

photographed 29 October 2007
Born (1968-12-31) December 31, 1968
Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic
Occupation Novelist, professor, writer
Nationality American, Dominican
Period 1995-present
www.junotdiaz.com

Junot Díaz (born December 31, 1968) is a Dominican-American[1] writer, creative writing professor at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), and fiction editor at Boston Review. He also serves on the board of advisers for Freedom University, a volunteer organization in Georgia that provides post-secondary instruction to undocumented immigrants.[2] Central to Díaz's work is the immigrant experience.[3] He received the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction for his novel The Brief Wondrous Life of Oscar Wao, in 2008. He is a 2012 MacArthur Fellow.[4]

Early years

Díaz was born in Villa Juana, a neighborhood in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic.[5] He was the third child in a family of five. Throughout most of his early childhood, he lived with his mother and grandparents while his father worked in the United States. Díaz emigrated to Parlin, New Jersey, in December 1974, where he was re-united with his father. There he lived less than a mile from what he has described as "one of the largest landfills in New Jersey".[6]

He attended Madison Park Elementary[7] and was a voracious reader, often walking four miles in order to borrow books from his public library. At this time Díaz became fascinated with apocalyptic films and books, especially the work of John Christopher, the original Planet of the Apes films, and the BBC mini-series Edge of Darkness. Díaz graduated from Cedar Ridge High School (now merged to form Old Bridge High School) in Old Bridge Township, New Jersey in 1987.[8] Though he would not begin to write formally until years later,[9]

He attended Kean College in Union, New Jersey for one year before transferring and ultimately completing his BA at Rutgers College in 1992, majoring in English; there he was involved in Demarest Hall, a creative-writing, living-learning, residence hall, and in various student organizations. He was exposed to the authors who would motivate him to become a writer: Toni Morrison and Sandra Cisneros. He worked his way through college by delivering pool tables, washing dishes, pumping gas, and working at Raritan River Steel. Reflecting on his experience growing up in America and working his way through college in 2010, Díaz said: "I can safely say I've seen the US from the bottom up...I may be a success story as an individual. But if you adjust the knob and just take it back one setting to the family unit, I would say my family tells a much more complicated story. It tells the story of two kids in prison. It tells the story of enormous poverty, of tremendous difficulty."[10] A pervasive theme in his short story collection Drown is the absence of a father, which reflects Diaz's strained relationship with his own father, with whom he no longer keeps in contact. When Diaz once published an article in a Dominican newspaper condemning the country's treatment of Haitians, his father wrote a letter to the editor saying that the writer of the article should "go back home to Haiti."[11]

After graduating from Rutgers he was employed at Rutgers University Press as an editorial assistant. At this time Diaz also first created the quasi-autobiographical character of Yunior in a story he used as part of his application for his MFA program in the early 1990s. The character would become important to much of his later work including Drown and This is How You Lose Her.[12] Yunior would become central to much of Diaz's work, Diaz later explaining how "My idea, ever since Drown, was to write six or seven books about him that would form one big novel".[12] He earned his MFA from Cornell University in 1995, where he wrote most of his first collection of short stories. Currently, Díaz teaches creative writing at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology as the Rudge and Nancy Allen Professor of Writing[13] and is also the fiction editor for Boston Review. He is active in the Dominican American community and is a founding member of the Voices of Our Nations Arts Writing Workshop, which focuses on writers of color. Díaz was a Millet Writing Fellow at Wesleyan University, in 2009, and participated in Wesleyan's Distinguished Writers Series.[14]

Díaz is related to American journalist Nefertiti Jáquez, who currently works for NBC News in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He lives in a domestic partnership with paranormal romance writer Marjorie Liu.[15]

Work

His short fiction has appeared in The New Yorker magazine, which listed him as one of the 20 top writers for the 21st century.[16] He has also been published in Story, The Paris Review, and in the anthologies The Best American Short Stories four times (1996, 1997, 1999, 2000), The PEN/O. Henry Prize Stories (2009), and African Voices. He is best known for his two major works: the short story collection Drown (1996) and the novel The Brief Wondrous Life of Oscar Wao (2007). Both were published to critical acclaim and he won the 2008 Pulitzer Prize for Fiction for the latter. Diaz himself has described his writing style as "[...] a disobedient child of New Jersey and the Dominican Republic if that can be possibly imagined with way too much education."[17]

Díaz has received a Eugene McDermott Award, a fellowship from the John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation, a Lila Acheson Wallace Readers Digest Award, the 2002 PEN/Malamud Award, the 2003 US-Japan Creative Artist Fellowship from the National Endowment for the Arts, a fellowship at the Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study at Harvard University and the Rome Prize from the American Academy of Arts and Letters. He was selected as one of the 39 most important Latin American writers under the age of 39 by the Bogotá World Book Capital and the Hay Festival.[18] In September 2007, Miramax acquired the rights for a film adaptation of The Brief Wondrous Life of Oscar Wao.[19]

The stories in Drown focus on the teenage narrator's impoverished, fatherless youth in the Dominican Republic and his struggle adapting to his new life in New Jersey. Reviews were generally strong but not without complaints.[20] Díaz read twice for PRI's This American Life: "Edison, New Jersey"[21] in 1997 and "How to Date a Browngirl, Blackgirl, Whitegirl, or Halfie"[22] in 1998. Díaz also published a Spanish translation of' Drown, entitled Negocios. The arrival of his novel (The Brief Wondrous Life of Oscar Wao) in 2007 prompted a noticeable re-appraisal of Díaz's earlier work. Drown became widely recognized as an important landmark in contemporary literature—ten years after its initial publication—even by critics who had either entirely ignored the book[23] or had given it poor reviews.[24]

The Brief Wondrous Life of Oscar Wao was published in September 2007. New York Times critic Michiko Kakutani characterized Díaz's writing in the novel as:

a sort of streetwise brand of Spanglish that even the most monolingual reader can easily inhale: lots of flash words and razzle-dazzle talk, lots of body language on the sentences, lots of David Foster Wallace-esque footnotes and asides. And he conjures with seemingly effortless aplomb the two worlds his characters inhabit: the Dominican Republic, the ghost-haunted motherland that shapes their nightmares and their dreams; and America (a.k.a. New Jersey), the land of freedom and hope and not-so-shiny possibilities that they’ve fled to as part of the great Dominican diaspora.[23]
Díaz said about the protagonist of the novel, “Oscar was a composite of all the nerds that I grew up with who didn’t have that special reservoir of masculine privilege. Oscar was who I would have been if it had not been for my father or my brother or my own willingness to fight or my own inability to fit into any category easily." He also has said that he sees a meaningful and fitting connection between the science fiction and/or epic literary genres and the multi-faceted immigrant experience.[25]

Writing for Time, critic Lev Grossman said that Díaz's novel was "so astoundingly great that in a fall crowded with heavyweights--Richard Russo, Philip Roth--Díaz is a good bet to run away with the field. You could call The Brief Wondrous Life of Oscar Wao... the saga of an immigrant family, but that wouldn't really be fair. It's an immigrant-family saga for people who don't read immigrant-family sagas."[26]

In addition to the Pulitzer, The Brief Wondrous life of Oscar Wao was awarded the John Sargent Sr. First Novel Prize,[27] the National Book Critics Circle Award for Best Novel of 2007 [28] the Anisfield-Wolf Book Awards, the 2008 Dayton Literary Peace Prize for Fiction,[29] the 2008 Hurston-Wright Legacy Award, and the Massachusetts Book Awards Fiction Award in 2007.[30] Díaz also won the James Beard Foundation's MFK Fisher Distinguished Writing Award for his article "He'll Take El Alto", which appeared in Gourmet, September 2007.[31] The novel was also selected by Time[32] and New York Magazine[33] as the best novel of 2007. The St. Louis Post-Dispatch, Los Angeles Times, Village Voice, Christian Science Monitor, New Statesman, Washington Post, and Publishers Weekly were among the 35 publications that placed the novel on their 'Best of 2007' lists. The novel was the subject of a panel at the 2008 Modern Language Association conference in San Francisco.[34] Stanford University also dedicated a symposium to Junot Díaz in 2012, with roundtables of leading US Latino/a Studies scholars commenting on his creative writing and activism.[35]

In February, 2010, Díaz's contributions toward encouraging fellow writers were recognized when he was awarded the Barnes & Noble Writers for Writers Award, alongside Maxine Hong Kingston and poet M.L. Liebler.[36] Also in February 2010, Díaz contributed a highly negative critical assessment of the presidency of Barack Obama to The New Yorker.[37] writing in his essay "One Year: Storyteller-in-Chief":

All year I’ve been waiting for Obama to flex his narrative muscles, to tell the story of his presidency, of his Administration, to tell the story of where our country is going and why we should help deliver it there. A coherent, accessible, compelling story—one that is narrow enough to be held in our minds and hearts and that nevertheless is roomy enough for us, the audience, to weave our own predilections, dreams, fears, experiences into its fabric. It should necessarily be a story eight years in duration, a story that no matter what our personal politics are will excite us enough to go out and reëlect the teller just so we can be there for the story’s end. But from where I sit our President has not even told a bad story; he, in my opinion, has told no story at all. I heard him talk healthcare to death but while he was elaborating ideas his opponents were telling stories. Sure they were bad ones, full of distortions and outright lies, but at least they were talking to the American people in the correct idiom: that of narrative. The President gave us a raft of information about why healthcare would be a swell idea; the Republicans gave us death panels. Ideas are wonderful things, but unless they’re couched in a good story they can do nothing.[37]

In September 2012, he released a new collection of short stories entitled This Is How You Lose Her.[38][39][40] The collection was named a finalist for the 2012 National Book Award on October 10, 2012.[41] In his review of the book on online arts and culture journal Frontier Psychiatrist, Editor-In-Chief Keith Meatto wrote, "While This is How You Lose Her will surely advance Diaz’s literary career, it may complicate his love life. For the reader, the collection raises the obvious question of what you would do if your lover cheated on you, and implies two no less challenging questions: How do you find love and how do you make it last?"[42]

A description of the book is as follows:

The stories in This Is How You Lose Her, by turns hilarious and devastating, raucous and tender, lay bare the infinite longing and inevitable weaknesses of our all-too-human hearts. They capture the heat of new passion, the recklessness with which we betray what we most treasure, and the torture we go through – “the begging, the crawling over glass, the crying” – to try to mend what we’ve broken beyond repair. They recall the echoes that intimacy leaves behind, even where we thought we did not care. They teach us the catechism of affections: that the faithlessness of the fathers is visited upon the children; that what we do unto our exes is inevitably done in turn unto us; and that loving thy neighbor as thyself is a commandment more safely honored on platonic than erotic terms. Most of all, these stories remind us that the habit of passion always triumphs over experience, and that “love, when it hits us for real, has a half-life of forever.”[40]

Also in 2012, Diaz received a $500,000 (U.S.) MacArthur "Genius grant" award;[43][44][45] however, the reaction to the news was not entirely positive, as evidenced by a negative piece by Nina Burleigh in the New York Observer[46] that called the decision to award Diaz "baffling" in the light of his having already won a number of major literary prizes.[46] Diaz himself is quoted as saying of his award win in the MIT News “I think I was speechless for two days,” and that it was both “stupendous” and a “mind-blowing honor.”[45]

Diaz is currently at work on his second long novel, a science-fiction epic provisionally entitled Monstro. Diaz has previously attempted to write a science fiction novel twice, with earlier efforts in the genre "Shadow of the Adept, a far-future novel in the vein of Gene Wolfe’s The Shadow of the Torturer, and Dark America, an Akira-inspired post-apocalyptic nightmare" remaining incomplete and unpublished.[47] In an interview with New York Magazine prior to the release of This Is How You Lose Her, Diaz revealed that the work-in-progress novel concerns "[...] a 14-year-old “Dominican York” girl who saves the planet from a full-blown apocalypse.",[48] but he has also warned that the novel may never be completed: "“I’m only at the first part of the novel, so I haven’t really gotten down to the eating,” he says, “and I’ve got to eat a couple cities before I think the thing will really get going.”[47]

Of writing and the arts, Diaz has said "Art is what matters most, and if you’re not contextualizing for a larger push for the arts, what does it matter? What’s really relevant, important, and exigent is that all of us are under pressure to spend less time with art, and we’ve got to figure out a way to talk and encourage each other to do the opposite."[12] With regard to his own writing, Diaz has said “There are two types of writers: those who write for other writers, and those who write for readers,”,[49] and that he prefers to keep his readers in mind when writing, as they’ll be more likely to gloss over his mistakes and act as willing participants in a story, rather than actively looking to criticize his writing.[49]

Activism and advocacy

Díaz has been active in a number of community organizations in New York City, from Pro-Libertad, to the Dominican Workers' Party (Partido de los Trabajadores Dominicanos), and the Unión de Jóvenes Dominicanos (lit. "Dominican Youth Union"). He has been critical of immigration policy in the United States.[50] With fellow author Edwidge Danticat, Díaz published an op-ed piece in The New York Times condemning the illegal deportation of Haitians and Haitian Dominicans by the Dominican government.[51]

On May 22, 2010, it was announced that Díaz had been selected to sit on the 20-member Pulitzer Prize board of jurors. Díaz described his appointment, and the fact that he is the first of Latin background to be appointed to the panel, as an "extraordinary honor".[52][53]

He is currently the honorary chairman of the DREAM Project, a non-profit education involvement program in the Dominican Republic.[54]

Bibliography

Novels

Short story collections

Essays

  • "Homecoming, with Turtle" (The New Yorker, June 14, 2004)
  • "Summer Love, Overheated" (GQ, April 2008)
  • "One Year: Storyteller-in-Chief" (The New Yorker, January 20, 2010)
  • "Apocalypse: What Disasters Reveal" (Boston Review, May/June 2011)

Awards and nominations

References

  1. ↑ Contemporary authors (1998). Contemporary authors, Volume 161. Gale Research Co. ISBN 9780787619947. 
  2. ↑ Jefferson, Tara (2013-03-28). "Junot Diaz Promotes "Freedom University" On The Colbert Report". Anisfield-Wolf Community Blog. Retrieved 2013-06-18. 
  3. ↑ Bahr, David (2007-12-08). "Immigrant Song". Time Out New York. Retrieved 2011-07-04. 
  4. ↑ "2012 MacArthur Foundation 'Genius Grant' Winners". Associated Press. Retrieved 1 October 2012. 
  5. ↑ Jacquelyn Loss, "Junot Díaz." Latino and Latina Writers. Ed. Alan West-Durán. Detroit: Charles Scribner's Sons, 2003. 803-816.
  6. ↑ "The Brief Wondrous Life of Junot Diaz... So Far". Splash of Red. 2009-11-30. Retrieved 2013-06-18. 
  7. ↑ López, Adriana V. (2008-11-01). "The Importance of Being Junot—A Pulitzer, Spanglish, and Oscar Wao". Criticas Magazine. Archived from the original on 2010-03-03. Retrieved 2013-06-18. 
  8. ↑ Tejada, Miguel Cruz. "Junot Díaz dice “en RD hay muchos quirinos”; escribirá obra inspirada en caso", El Nuevo Diario, August 11, 2008. Accessed August 25, 2008. "Hizo el bachillerato en el Cedar Ridge High School de Old Bridge, Nueva Jersey, en 1987, y se licenció en inglés en la Universidad Rutgers (1992), e hizo un Master of Fine Arts en la Universidad de Cornell."
  9. ↑ ""Nerdsmith - Adriana Lopez interviews Junot Díaz", ''Guernica'', July 2009". Guernicamag.com. Retrieved 2012-06-03. 
  10. ↑ Ying, Hao (2010-04-14). "Writing wrongs". Global Times. Retrieved 2013-06-18. 
  11. ↑ ""Guest DJ: Pulitzer Prize-Winning Author Junot Diaz", by Jasmine Garsd, September 6, 2012". NPR music Alt Latino. 2012-09-06. Retrieved 2012-09-13. 
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 "Interview: Junot Díaz Talks Dying Art, the Line Between Fact and Fiction, and What Scares Him Most". Complex. 2012-12-17. Retrieved 2013-05-01. 
  13. ↑ "MIT, Writing and Humanistic Studies. Retrieved February 23, 2012". Writing.mit.edu. Retrieved 2012-06-03. 
  14. ↑ ""Pulitzer Prize Winning Junot Díaz Speaks at Wesleyan", by Olivia Drake, April 13, 2009". Newsletter.blogs.wesleyan.edu. 2009-04-13. Retrieved 2012-06-03. 
  15. ↑ "Acclaimed novelist Junot Diaz delivers - Magazine". The Boston Globe. 2012-12-23. Retrieved 2013-05-01. 
  16. ↑ "20 Under 40". The New Yorker. 2010-06-14. Retrieved 2013-06-17. 
  17. ↑ "The Daily Pennsylvanian :: Q&A: Junot Diaz on writing, Yunior and books that make him angry". Thedp.com. 2012-11-28. Retrieved 2013-05-01. 
  18. ↑ "Hay Festival". Retrieved 2010-03-09. 
  19. ↑ Cheuse, Alan (2007-08-28). "Díaz's First Novel Details a 'Wondrous Life'". NPR. Retrieved 2008-04-08. 
  20. ↑ "Sneak Peeks: Fiction, DROWN". Salon. Retrieved 2008-04-08. 
  21. ↑ "This American Life: Episode 57". This American Life. Retrieved 2008-04-08. 
  22. ↑ "This American Life: Episode 94". This American Life. Retrieved 2008-04-08. 
  23. ↑ 23.0 23.1 Kakutani, Michiko (2007-09-04). "Travails of an Outcast". The New York Times. Retrieved 2008-04-08. 
  24. ↑ Gates, David (2007-09-10). "From A Sunny Mordor to The Garden State: Junot Díaz's first novel is worth all the waiting". Newsweek. Retrieved 2008-04-08. 
  25. ↑ Danticat, Edwidge (Fall 2007). "Junot Díaz". BOMB Magazine. Retrieved July 27, 2011. 
  26. ↑ Grossman, Lev (2007-08-24). "What to Watch For: The Brief Wondrous Life of Oscar Wao". Time Magazine. Retrieved 2008-04-08. 
  27. ↑ "The Center for Fiction". Mercantilelibrary.org. Retrieved 2012-06-03. 
  28. ↑ "Junot Díaz wins big award for 'Oscar Wao'". CNN. 2008-04-07. Archived from the original on 2008-04-12. Retrieved 2008-04-08. 
  29. ↑ Dempsey, Laura (2008-09-04). "Dayton Literary Peace Prize winners announced". Dayton Daily News. Retrieved 2010-08-19. 
  30. ↑ "8th Annual Massachusetts Book Awards". 2007-05-14. Retrieved 2010-08-19. 
  31. ↑ "Awards: Press Center". gourmet.com. 2006-10-23. Retrieved 2012-06-03. 
  32. ↑ Grossman, Lev (2007-12-09). "Top 10 Fiction Books". Time Online. Retrieved 2008-04-08. 
  33. ↑ "The Year in Books". New York Magazine. Retrieved 2008-04-08. 
  34. ↑ "MLA 2008 Special Session on Junot Díaz". Home.fau.edu. 2008-12-27. Retrieved 2012-06-03. 
  35. ↑ "Junot Diaz: A Symposium". Ccsre.stanford.edu. Retrieved 2012-06-03. 
  36. ↑ "Poets & Writers Announces Recipients of 2010 Writers for Writers Award and Editor's Award". Poets & Writers. Retrieved 2013-06-18. 
  37. ↑ 37.0 37.1 Posted by Junot Díaz. "''New Yorker'', January 20, 2010". Newyorker.com. Retrieved 2012-06-03. 
  38. ↑ MICHIKO KAKUTANI (September 20, 2012). "Acclimating to America, and to Women". The New York Times. 
  39. ↑ LEAH HAGER COHEN (September 20, 2012). "Love Stories". The New York Times. 
  40. ↑ 40.0 40.1 Barrett, Annie. "''Entertainment Weekly'', February 27, 2012". Shelf-life.ew.com. Retrieved 2012-06-03. 
  41. ↑ "2012 National Book Awards - National Book Foundation". Nationalbook.org. Retrieved 2012-10-29. 
  42. ↑ Meatto, Keith. "Still Drowning: Junot Diaz, This is How You Lose Her". 
  43. ↑ "Pulitzer-Winner Junot Diaz Gets $500,000 MacArthur Grant". Businessweek. 2012-10-02. Retrieved 2012-10-29. 
  44. ↑ Alison Flood. "MacArthur 'genius' grants go to Junot Díaz and Dinaw Mengestu | Books | guardian.co.uk". Guardian. Retrieved 2012-10-29. 
  45. ↑ 45.0 45.1 "Junot Díaz wins MacArthur ‘genius grant’ - MIT News Office". Web.mit.edu. 2012-10-02. Retrieved 2012-10-29. 
  46. ↑ 46.0 46.1 Burleigh, Nina. "Junot Díaz Is #WINNING: The Author Collects Awards Like His Characters Bag Women". Observer. Retrieved 2012-10-29. 
  47. ↑ 47.0 47.1 By Geek's Guide to the GalaxyEmail Author. "Junot Díaz Aims to Fulfill His Dream of Publishing Sci-Fi Novel With Monstro | Underwire". Wired.com. Retrieved 2012-10-29. 
  48. ↑ "Junot Díaz’s ‘This Is How You Lose Her’ - Fall Preview 2012 - New York Magazine". Nymag.com. 2012-08-27. Retrieved 2012-10-29. 
  49. ↑ 49.0 49.1 "Junot Diaz engages Newhouse audience - Wellesley News - Wellesley College". Wellesleynewsonline.com. 2013-02-14. Retrieved 2013-05-01. 
  50. ↑ "Junot Díaz On 'Becoming American'", Morning Edition, National Public Radio, 24 November 2008. Accessed 7 July 2009.
  51. ↑ Op-ed article in The New York Times.
  52. ↑ Bosman, Julie (2010-05-24). "Díaz Joins Pulitzer Panel". The New York Times. 
  53. ↑ ""Pulitzer Prize Board taps Dominican-born writer Junot Díaz", ''Dominican Today'', 21 May 2010". Dominicantoday.com. Retrieved 2012-06-03. 
  54. ↑ '+relative_time(twitters[i].created_at)+' (2013-03-26). "Junot Díaz | The DREAM Project". Dominicandream.org. Retrieved 2013-05-01. 
  55. ↑ "Previous Short Novel Prize Shortlists". The Center for Fiction. Retrieved 2013-05-01. 
  56. ↑ "Book Prizes – Los Angeles Times Festival of Books» 2007 Los Angeles Times Book Prize Winners". Events.latimes.com. 2011-05-01. Retrieved 2013-05-01. 
  57. ↑ "Award Winners". Dayton Literary Peace Prize. Retrieved 2013-05-01. 
  58. ↑ Winners by Year (1971-07-08). "Anisfield-Wolf Book Awards | Winners by Year". Anisfield-wolf.org. Retrieved 2013-05-01. 
  59. ↑ "National Book Award Finalists Announced Today". Library Journal. October 10, 2012. Retrieved November 15, 2012. 
  60. ↑ "Publishers Weekly Best Books of 2012". Publishersweekly.com. Retrieved 2013-05-01. 
  61. ↑ "Best Fiction 2012 — Goodreads Choice Awards". Goodreads.com. Retrieved 2013-05-01. 
  62. ↑ Kellogg, Carolyn (2013-03-13). "Story Prize goes to Claire Vaye Watkins". latimes.com. Retrieved 2013-05-01. 
  63. ↑ "Claire Vaye Watkins wins U.S. Story Prize for short fiction". Reuters. 2013-03-13. Retrieved 2013-05-01. 
  64. ↑ The Associated PressAssociated Press. "Claire Vaye Watkins wins $20,000 short story prize - San Jose Mercury News". Mercurynews.com. Retrieved 2013-05-01. 
  65. ↑ Alison Flood (22 March 2013). "Junot Díaz wins world's richest short story prize". The Guardian. Retrieved March 23, 2013. 
  66. ↑ "Celebs news - Names". The Boston Globe. 2013-04-23. Retrieved 2013-05-01. 
  67. ↑ "Awards Shortlist | Awards, Grants and Scholarships". Ala.org. Retrieved 2013-05-01. 
  68. ↑ "Six to receive honorary degrees — Brown Daily Herald". Browndailyherald.com. 2013-04-25. Retrieved 2013-05-01. 
  69. ↑ Hillel Italie (October 17, 2013). "Maya Angelou accepts Mailer Center lifetime award". Associated Press. Archived from the original on October 18, 2013. Retrieved December 3, 2013. 

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