July 13

July 13 is the 194th day of the year (195th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 171 days remaining until the end of the year.

Events

• 1174 – William I of Scotland, a key rebel in the Revolt of 1173–1174, is captured at Alnwick by forces loyal to Henry II of England.
• 1249 – Coronation of Alexander III as King of Scots.
• 1260 – The Livonian Order suffers its greatest defeat in the 13th century in the Battle of Durbe against the Grand Duchy of Lithuania
• 1490 – John of Kastav finishes a cycle of frescoes in the Holy Trinity Church in Hrastovlje (now southwestern Slovenia).
• 1558 – Battle of Gravelines: in France, Spanish forces led by Count Lamoral of Egmont defeat the French forces of Marshal Paul de Thermes at Gravelines.
• 1573 – Eighty Years' War: the Siege of Haarlem ends after seven months.
• 1643 – English Civil War: Battle of Roundway Down – In England, Henry Wilmot, 1st Earl of Rochester, commanding the Royalist forces, heavily defeats the Parliamentarian forces led by Sir William Waller.
• 1787 – The Continental Congress enacts the Northwest Ordinance establishing governing rules for the Northwest Territory. It also establishes procedures for the admission of new states and limits the expansion of slavery.
• 1793 – Journalist and French revolutionary Jean-Paul Marat is assassinated in his bathtub by Charlotte Corday, a member of the opposing political faction.
• 1794 – The Battle of the Vosges is fought between French forces and those of Prussia and Austria.
• 1814 – The Carabinieri, the national gendarmerie of Italy, is established.
• 1830 – The General Assembly's Institution, now the Scottish Church College, one of the pioneering institutions that ushered the Bengal Renaissance, is founded by Alexander Duff and Raja Ram Mohan Roy, in Calcutta, India.
• 1854 – In the Battle of Guaymas, Mexico, General José María Yáñez stops the French invasion led by Count Gaston de Raousset-Boulbon.
• 1863 – New York City draft riots: in New York, New York, opponents of conscription begin three days of rioting which will be later regarded as the worst in United States history.
• 1878 – Treaty of Berlin: the European powers redraw the map of the Balkans. Serbia, Montenegro and Romania become completely independent of the Ottoman Empire.
• 1905 – The verdict in the six-month long Smarthavicharam trial of Kuriyedath Thathri is pronounced, leading to the excommunication of 65 men of various castes.
• 1919 – The British airship R34 lands in Norfolk, England, completing the first airship return journey across the Atlantic in 182 hours of flight.
• 1923 – The Hollywood Sign is officially dedicated in the hills above Hollywood, Los Angeles, California. It originally reads "Hollywoodland " but the four last letters are dropped after renovation in 1949.
• 1941 – World War II: Montenegrins begin a popular uprising against the Axis powers (Trinaestojulski ustanak).
• 1962 – In an unprecedented action, British Prime Minister Harold Macmillan dismisses seven members of his Cabinet, marking the effective end of the National Liberals as a distinct force within British politics.
• 1973 – Alexander Butterfield reveals the existence of the "Nixon tapes" to the special Senate committee investigating the Watergate break in.
• 1977 – Somalia declares war on Ethiopia, starting the Ethiopian-Somali War.
• 1977 – New York, New York, amidst a period of financial and social turmoil experiences an electrical blackout lasting nearly 24 hours that leads to widespread fires and looting.
• 1985 – The Live Aid benefit concert takes place in London, England, United Kingdom and Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, as well as other venues such as Sydney, Australia and Moscow, Russia, Soviet Union.
• 1985 – Vice President George Bush becomes the Acting President for the day when President Ronald Reagan undergoes surgery to remove polyps from his colon.
• 1990 – An earthquake with its epicenter in Afghanistan results in the greatest number of fatalities in a mountaineering accident in High Asian mountains when an avalanche kills 43 climbers in Camp I on Pik Lenina (Lenin Peak).
• 2003 – French DGSE personnel abort an operation to rescue Íngrid Betancourt from FARC rebels in Colombia, causing a political scandal when details are leaked to the press.
• 2011 – Mumbai is rocked by three bomb blasts during the evening rush hour, killing 26 and injuring 130.
• 2013 – Typhoon Soulik kills at least 9 people and affects more than 160 million in East China and Taiwan.
• 2013 – George Zimmerman is found not guilty in the shooting of Trayvon Martin.

Births

• 1527 – John Dee, English-Welsh mathematician, astronomer, and astrologer (d. 1609)
• 1579 – Arthur Dee, English physician (d. 1651)
• 1590 – Pope Clement X (d. 1676)
• 1607 – Wenceslaus Hollar, Czech-English etcher (d. 1677)
• 1608 – Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor (d. 1657)
• 1745 – Robert Calder, Scottish admiral (d. 1818)
• 1760 – István Pauli, Hungarian-Slovene priest (d. 1829)
• 1770 – Alexander Balashov, Russian general and politician (d. 1837)
• 1776 – Caroline of Baden (d. 1841)
• 1793 – John Clare, English poet (d. 1864)
• 1798 – Alexandra Feodorovna, German-Russian wife of Nicholas I of Russia (d. 1860)
• 1821 – Nathan Bedford Forrest, American general (d. 1877)
• 1831 – Arthur Böttcher, German pathologist and anatomist (d. 1889)
• 1841 – Otto Wagner, Austrian architect, designed the Austrian Postal Savings Bank and Karlsplatz Stadtbahn Station (d. 1918)
• 1858 – Stewart Culin, American ethnographer and author (d. 1929)
• 1859 – Sidney Webb, 1st Baron Passfield, English economist and politician, Secretary of State for the Colonies (d. 1947)
• 1864 – John Jacob Astor IV, American colonel and businessman (d. 1912)
• 1876 – William Michaels, American boxer (d. 1934)
• 1884 – Yrjö Saarela, Finnish wrestler (d. 1951)
• 1889 – Emma Asson, Estonian politician (d. 1965)
• 1889 – Louise Mountbatten, German-Swedish wife of Gustaf VI Adolf of Sweden (d. 1965)
• 1892 – Léo-Pol Morin, Canadian pianist, composer, critic and educator (d. 1941)
• 1894 – Isaak Babel, Russian journalist, author, and playwright (d. 1940)
• 1895 – Sidney Blackmer, American actor and singer (d. 1973)
• 1896 – Mordecai Ardon, Israeli painter (d. 1992)
• 1898 – Julius Schreck, German commander (d. 1936)
• 1900 – George Lewis, American clarinet player and songwriter (d. 1969)
• 1901 – Eric Portman, English actor (d. 1969)
• 1903 – Kenneth Clark, English historian and author (d. 1983)
• 1905 – Alfredo M. Santos, Filipino general (d. 1990)
• 1907 – George Weller, American author, playwright, and journalist (d. 2002)
• 1910 – Loren Pope, American journalist and author (d. 2008)
• 1913 – Dave Garroway, American journalist (d. 1982)
• 1913 – Mærsk Mc-Kinney Møller, Danish businessman (d. 2012)
• 1913 – Kay Linaker, American actress and screenwriter (d. 2008)
• 1915 – Kaoru Ishikawa Japanese author and educator (d. 1989)
• 1918 – Alberto Ascari, Italian race car driver (d. 1955)
• 1918 – Marcia Brown, American author and illustrator
• 1920 – William C. Friday, American academic (d. 2012)
• 1920 – Bill Towers, English footballer (d. 2000)
• 1921 – Git Gay, Swedish actress and singer (d. 2007)
• 1921 – Ernest Gold, Austrian-American composer (d. 1999)
• 1921 – Friedrich Peter, Austrian politician (d. 2005)
• 1922 – Leslie Brooks, American actress and singer (d. 2011)
• 1922 – Louis R. Harlan, American historian and academic (d. 2010)
• 1922 – Anker Jørgensen, Danish politician, 16th Prime Minister of Denmark
• 1922 – Ken Mosdell, Canadian ice hockey player (d. 2006)
• 1924 – Carlo Bergonzi, Italian tenor
• 1924 – Michel Constantin, French actor (d. 2003)
• 1924 – Johnny Gilbert, American game show host and announcer
• 1926 – Robert H. Justman, American director, producer, and production manager (d. 2008)
• 1927 – Simone Veil, French lawyer and politician, 12th President of the European Parliament
• 1928 – Tommaso Buscetta, Italian-American mobster (d. 2000)
• 1928 – Bob Crane, American actor (d. 1978)
• 1928 – Sven Davidson, Swedish tennis player (d. 2008)
• 1928 – Leroy Vinnegar, American bassist (d. 1999)
• 1929 – Sofia Muratova, Russian gymnast (d. 2006)
• 1930 – Sam Greenlee, American author
• 1930 – Naomi Shemer, Israeli singer-songwriter (d. 2004)
• 1931 – Frank Ramsey, American basketball player and coach
• 1932 – Hubert Reeves, Canadian astrophysicist
• 1933 – Patsy Byrne, English actress
• 1933 – David Storey, English author and playwright
• 1934 – Peter Gzowski, Canadian journalist (d. 2002)
• 1934 – Gordon Lee, English footballer and manager
• 1934 – Wole Soyinka, Nigerian author, poet, and playwright, Nobel Prize laureate
• 1934 – Aleksei Yeliseyev, Russian engineer and astronaut
• 1935 – Jack Kemp, American football player and politician (d. 2009)
• 1935 – Earl Lovelace, Trinidadian journalist, author, and playwright
• 1935 – Monique Vézina, Canadian politician
• 1935 – Kurt Westergaard, Danish cartoonist
• 1936 – Albert Ayler, American saxophonist and composer (d. 1970)
• 1938 – Richard Rust, American actor (d. 1994)
• 1939 – Lambert Jackson Woodburne, South African admiral (d. 2013)
• 1940 – Donald Lautrec, Canadian singer and actor
• 1940 – Tom Lichtenberg, American football player and coach (d. 2013)
• 1940 – Patrick Stewart, English actor
• 1941 – Robert Forster, American actor
• 1941 – Ehud Manor, Israeli songwriter (d. 2005)
• 1941 – Jacques Perrin, French actor, director, and producer
• 1942 – Harrison Ford, American actor and producer
• 1942 – Roger McGuinn, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (The Byrds and Chad Mitchell Trio)
• 1944 – Ernő Rubik, Hungarian game designer, architect, and educator, invented the Rubik's Cube
• 1944 – Cyril Knowles, English footballer and manager (d. 1991)
• 1946 – Cheech Marin, American actor, singer, and screenwriter
• 1948 – Catherine Breillat, French director and screenwriter
• 1948 – Tony Kornheiser, American sportscaster
• 1948 – Daphne Maxwell Reid, American actress
• 1950 – George Nelson, American astronomer and astronaut
• 1950 – Ma Ying-jeou, Hong Kong-Taiwanese politician, 12th President of the Republic of China
• 1951 – Rob Bishop, American educator and politician
• 1951 – Didi Conn, American actress and singer
• 1953 – Gil Birmingham, American actor
• 1953 – Mila Mulroney, Bosnian-Canadian wife of Brian Mulroney
• 1954 – Sezen Aksu, Turkish singer-songwriter and producer
• 1954 – Rick Chartraw, Venezuelan-American ice hockey player
• 1954 – Louise Mandrell, American singer
• 1954 – David Thompson, American basketball player
• 1955 – Mark Mendoza, American rock bass guitarist (Twisted Sister)
• 1956 – Claude Giroux, Canadian wrestler
• 1956 – Michael Spinks, American boxer
• 1956 – Frank Dux, American martial artist and choreographer
• 1957 – Thierry Boutsen, Belgian race car driver
• 1957 – Cameron Crowe, American director, producer, and screenwriter
• 1957 – Jane Hamilton, American author
• 1957 – Phil Margera, American television personality
• 1957 – Lília Cabral, Brazilian Actress
• 1959 – Richard Leman, English field hockey player
• 1960 – Robert Abraham, American football player
• 1960 – Ian Hislop, Welsh-English journalist and screenwriter
• 1960 – Curtis Rouse, American football player (d. 2013)
• 1961 – Stelios Manolas, Greek footballer and manager
• 1961 – Tim Watson, Australian footballer, coach, and journalist
• 1962 – Tom Kenny, American voice actor, singer, and screenwriter
• 1962 – Rhonda Vincent, American singer-songwriter and mandolin player
• 1963 – Neal Foulds, English snooker player
• 1963 – Kenny Johnson, American actor
• 1963 – Spud Webb, American basketball player
• 1964 – Paul Thorn, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1965 – Lesli Kay, American actress
• 1965 – Eileen Ivers, American fiddler (Cherish the Ladies)
• 1966 – Gerald Levert, American singer-songwriter, producer, and actor (LeVert and LSG) (d. 2006)
• 1966 – Natalia Luis-Bassa, Venezuelan-English conductor
• 1967 – Dean Barnett, American journalist (d. 2008)
• 1967 – Benny Benassi, Italian DJ and producer (Benassi Bros.)
• 1967 – Richard Marles, Australian lawyer and politician
• 1968 – Robert Gant, American actor
• 1969 – Barney Greenway, English singer-songwriter (Napalm Death, Extreme Noise Terror, and Benediction)
• 1969 – Ken Jeong, American actor
• 1969 – Kakhi Kakhiashvili, Georgian-Greek weightlifter
• 1969 – Oleg Serebrian, Moldovan politician
• 1970 – Barry Pinches, English snooker player
• 1971 – Craig Elliott, American illustrator
• 1971 – Jason Reece, American drummer (...And You Will Know Us by the Trail of Dead)
• 1972 – Sven Lõhmus, Estonian composer and musician
• 1972 – Sean Waltman, American wrestler
• 1973 – Mohamed Atiq Awayd Al Harbi, Saudi Arabian terrorist
• 1973 – Ariel Zárate, Argentinian footballer
• 1974 – Deborah Cox, Canadian singer-songwriter and actress
• 1974 – Jarno Trulli, Italian race car driver
• 1975 – Danni Boatwright, American model and sportscaster, Miss Kansas USA 1996
• 1975 – Mariada Pieridi, Cypriot singer-songwriter
• 1976 – Al Santos, American model, actor, and producer
• 1976 – Sheldon Souray, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1977 – Chris Horn, American football player
• 1977 – Ashley Scott, American actress
• 1978 – Eva Jinek, American-Dutch journalist
• 1978 – Ryan Ludwick, American baseball player
• 1978 – Kate More, American porn actress
• 1978 – Prodromos Nikolaidis, Greek basketball player
• 1979 – Craig Bellamy, Welsh footballer
• 1979 – Daniel Díaz, Argentinian footballer
• 1979 – Jonathan Goulet, Canadian mixed martial artist
• 1979 – Libuše Průšová, Czech tennis player
• 1979 – Lucinda Ruh, Swiss figure skater
• 1979 – Fernando Salazar, Mexican footballer
• 1980 – Corey Clark, American singer
• 1980 – Karolina Gruszka, Polish actress
• 1980 – Becky O'Donohue, American model and actress
• 1980 – Jessie O'Donohue, American model and actress
• 1980 – Master Saleem, Indian singer
• 1981 – Ágnes Kovács, Hungarian swimmer
• 1981 – Fran Kranz, American actor
• 1981 – Mirco Lorenzetto, Italian cyclist
• 1981 – Ineta Radēviča, Latvian long jumper
• 1982 – Brooke Ballentyne, American porn actress
• 1982 – Aya Cash, American actress
• 1982 – Chri$ Ca$h, American wrestler (d. 2005)
• 1982 – Shin-Soo Choo, South Korean baseball player
• 1982 – Simon Clist, English footballer
• 1982 – Samia Ghadie, English actress
• 1982 – Dominic Isaacs, South African footballer
• 1982 – Nick Kenny, Australian rugby player
• 1982 – Yadier Molina, Puerto Rican baseball player
• 1982 – Joost van den Broek, Dutch keyboard player, songwriter, and producer (After Forever, Sun Caged, and Star One)
• 1983 – Kristof Beyens, Belgian sprinter
• 1983 – Marco Pomante, Italian footballer
• 1983 – Carmen Villalobos, Colombian actress and dancer
• 1983 – Liu Xiang, Chinese hurdler
• 1984 – Scott Gerbacia, American actor
• 1984 – Ida Maria, Norwegian singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1984 – Urvashi Sharma, Indian actress and model
• 1985 – Guillermo Ochoa, Mexican footballer
• 1986 – Pierrick Lilliu, French singer-songwriter
• 1987 – Neil Denis, Canadian actor
• 1988 – Tulisa Contostavlos, English singer-songwriter and actress (N-Dubz)
• 1988 – Marcos Paulo Gelmini Gomes, Brazilian-Italian footballer
• 1988 – Colton Haynes, American actor and model
• 1988 – Steven R. McQueen, American actor
• 1989 – Charis Giannopoulos, Greek basketball player
• 1989 – Sayumi Michishige, Japanese singer (Morning Musume, Ecomoni, v-u-den)
• 1990 – Eduardo Salvio, Argentinian footballer
• 1990 – Matt Weinberg, American actor
• 1991 – Ungsumalynn Sirapatsakmetha, Thai actress and model
• 1992 – Dylan Patton, American actor
• 1992 – Elise Matthysen, Belgian swimmer
• 1993 – Daniel Bentley, English footballer
• 1994 – Ridge Canipe, American actor
• 1994 – Hayley Erin, American actress
• 1997 – Leo Howard, American actor and martial artist

Deaths

• 574 – Pope John III
• 939 – Pope Leo VII
• 1024 – Henry II, Holy Roman Emperor (b. 973)
• 1205 – Hubert Walter, English archbishop (b. 1160)
• 1357 – Bartolus de Saxoferrato Italian jurist (b. 1313)
• 1399 – Peter Parler, German architect, designed St. Vitus Cathedral and Charles Bridge (b. 1330)
• 1402 – Jianwen Emperor of China (b. 1377)
• 1551 – John Wallop, English soldier and diplomat (b. 1490)
• 1621 – Albert VII, Archduke of Austria (b. 1559)
• 1626 – Robert Sidney, 1st Earl of Leicester, English politician (b. 1563)
• 1628 – Robert Shirley, English adventurer (b. 1581)
• 1629 – Caspar Bartholin the Elder, Swedish physician and theologian (b. 1585)
• 1683 – Arthur Capell, 1st Earl of Essex, English politician, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland (b. 1631)
• 1693 – Hendrik Trajectinus, Count of Solms (b. 1636)
• 1705 – Titus Oates, English conspirator, fabricated the Popish Plot (b. 1649)
• 1755 – Edward Braddock, English general (b. 1695)
• 1760 – Conrad Weiser, German-American diplomat (b. 1696)
• 1761 – Tokugawa Ieshige, Japanese shogun (b. 1712)
• 1762 – James Bradley, English astronomer (b. 1693)
• 1789 – Victor de Riqueti, marquis de Mirabeau, French economist (b. 1715)
• 1793 – Jean-Paul Marat, French physician and theorist (b. 1743)
• 1807 – Henry Benedict Stuart, Italian cardinal (b. 1725)
• 1882 – Johnny Ringo, American criminal (b. 1850)
• 1889 – Robert Hamerling, Austrian poet (b. 1830)
• 1890 – John C. Frémont, American general and politician, 5th Territorial Governor of Arizona (b. 1813)
• 1890 – Johann Voldemar Jannsen, Estonian journalist and poet (b. 1819)
• 1896 – August Kekulé, German chemist (b. 1829)
• 1907 – Henrik Sillem, Dutch target shooter (b. 1866)
• 1921 – Gabriel Lippmann, Luxembourger physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1845)
• 1922 – Martin Dies, Sr., American politician (b. 1870)
• 1937 – Robert Fournier-Sarlovèze, French polo player and politician (b. 1869)
• 1941 – Ilmar Raud, Estonian chess player (b. 1913)
• 1945 – Alla Nazimova, Russian-American actress, scriptwriter, and producer (b. 1879)
• 1946 – Alfred Stieglitz, American photographer (b. 1864)
• 1951 – Arnold Schoenberg, Austrian composer (b. 1874)
• 1954 – Frida Kahlo, Mexican painter (b. 1907)
• 1955 – Ruth Ellis, Welsh murderer (b. 1926)
• 1960 – Joy Gresham, American-English poet and author (b. 1915)
• 1965 – Photios Kontoglou, Greek painter (b. 1895)
• 1967 – Tom Simpson, English cyclist (b. 1937)
• 1967 – Tommy Lucchese, Italian-American mobster (b. 1899)
• 1970 – Leslie Groves, American general (b. 1896)
• 1973 – Willy Fritsch, German actor and screenwriter (b. 1901)
• 1974 – Patrick Blackett, Baron Blackett, English physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1897)
• 1974 – Marthe Vinot, French actress (b. 1894)
• 1976 – Frederick Hawksworth, English engineer (b. 1884)
• 1976 – Joachim Peiper, German SS officer (b. 1915)
• 1979 – Ludwig Merwart, Austrian painter and illustrator (b. 1913)
• 1980 – Seretse Khama, Botswana politician, 1st President of Botswana (b. 1921)
• 1983 – Gabrielle Roy, Canadian author (b. 1909)
• 1993 – Davey Allison, American race car driver (b. 1961)
• 1995 – Godtfred Kirk Christiansen, Danish businessman (b. 1920)
• 1996 – Pandro S. Berman, American director, producer, and production manager (b. 1905)
• 1997 – Miguel Ángel Blanco, Spanish politician (b. 1968)
• 1999 – Konstantinos Kollias, Greek general and politician, 168th Prime Minister of Greece (b. 1901)
• 2002 – Yousuf Karsh, Turkish-Canadian photographer (b. 1908)
• 2003 – Compay Segundo, Cuban singer-songwriter and guitarist (b. 1907)
• 2004 – Arthur Kane, American bass player (New York Dolls) (b. 1949)
• 2004 – Carlos Kleiber, German-Austrian conductor (b. 1930)
• 2006 – Michael Busselle, English photographer and author (b. 1935)
• 2006 – Red Buttons, American actor and singer (b. 1919)
• 2007 – Michael Reardon, American mountaineer (b. 1965)
• 2008 – Bronisław Geremek, Polish historian and politician, Minister of Foreign Affairs of Poland (b. 1932)
• 2010 – Manohari Singh, Indian saxophonist and composer (b. 1931)
• 2010 – George Steinbrenner, American businessman (b. 1930)
• 2011 – Allan Jeans, Australian footballer and coach (b. 1933)
• 2012 – Shlomo Bentin, Israeli psychologist (b. 1946)
• 2012 – Polde Bibič, Slovenian actor and screenwriter (b. 1933)
• 2012 – Warren Jabali, American basketball player (b. 1946)
• 2012 – Jerzy Kulej, Polish boxer and politician (b. 1940)
• 2012 – Wayne Massarelli, American make-up artist (b. 1949)
• 2012 – Richard D. Zanuck, American film producer (b. 1934)
• 2013 – Bana, Cape Verdean singer (b. 1932)
• 2013 – John Cowdery, American politician (b. 1930)
• 2013 – Leonard Garment, American lawyer and public servant, 14th White House Counsel (b. 1924)
• 2013 – Henri Julien, French race car driver (b. 1927)
• 2013 – Cory Monteith, Canadian actor and singer (b. 1982)
• 2013 – Ottavio Quattrocchi, Italian businessman (b. 1938)
• 2013 – Sharmila Rege, Indian sociologist and author (b. 1964)
• 2013 – Mona Røkke, Norwegian jurist and politician (b. 1940)
• 2013 – Vernon B. Romney, American lawyer and politician, 14th Attorney General of Utah (b. 1924)
• 2013 – Marc Simont, French-American author and illustrator (b. 1915)

Holidays and observances

• Christian Feast Day:
  • Abd-al-Masih
  • Abel of Tacla Haimonot (Coptic Church)
  • Clelia Barbieri
  • Eugenius of Carthage
  • Henry II, Holy Roman Emperor
  • Mildthryth
  • Silas (Catholic Church)
  • Teresa of the Andes
  • July 13 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
• Feast of Kalimát, first day of the seventh month of the Bahá'í calendar. (Bahá'í Faith)
• Statehood Day (Montenegro)
• The last day of Naadam (Mongolia)

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to July 13.

• BBC: On This Day
• The New York Times: On This Day
• On This Day in Canada