Julia Pastrana

Julia Pastrana
Julia Pastrana, image from a 1900 book, showing her embalmed remains
Born	1834 Sinaloa, Mexico
Died	25 March 1860 (age 26) Moscow, Russian Empire
Cause of death	Metro-peritonitis puerperalis
Other names	Bear Woman, The Apewoman, The Nondescript
Ethnicity	Paiute[1]
Height	4 ft 5 in (1.35 m)
Spouse(s)	Theodor Lent (m. 1857; wid. 1860)
Children	1 son

Julia Pastrana (1834 – 25 March 1860) was a woman born with hypertrichosis, who took part in 19th-century exhibition tours in North America and Europe. Pastrana, an indigenous woman from Mexico, was born in 1834, somewhere in the Sierra of Sinaloa State.^[2] She was born with a genetic condition, hypertrichosis terminalis (or generalized hypertrichosis lanuginosa^[3]); her face and body were covered with straight black hair. Her ears and nose were unusually large, and her teeth were irregular. The latter condition was caused by a rare disease, undiagnosed in her lifetime, Gingival hyperplasia, which thickened her lips and gums.^[3] Charles Darwin described her as: "Julia Pastrana, a Spanish dancer, was a remarkably fine woman, but she had a thick masculine beard and a hairy forehead; she was photographed, and her stuffed skin was exhibited as a show; but what concerns us is, that she had in both the upper and lower jaw an irregular double set of teeth, one row being placed within the other, of which Dr. Purland took a cast. From the redundancy of the teeth her mouth projected, and her face had a gorilla-like appearance".^[4]

Life and career

Pastrana was advertised as a hybrid between an ape and a human, and as a "Bear Woman". She was examined several times to dispel the accusation that she was of African descent. One doctor, Alexander B. Mott, M.D., certified that she was specifically the result of the mating of a human and an "Orang hutan".^[5] Another, Dr. S. Brainerd of Cleveland, declared that she was of a "distinct species".^[6] However, Samuel Kneeland, Jr., a comparative anatomist of the Boston Society of Natural History, declared that she was human and of Indian descent.^[7] Francis Buckland stated similarly that she was "only a deformed Mexican Indian woman".^[6]

Theodore Lent (also known as Lewis B. Lent) discovered her and purchased her from a woman who might have been her mother. Lent taught her to dance and play music and took her on a worldwide tour with the name "Bearded and Hairy Lady". She learned to read and write in three languages. Lent and Pastrana married, later becoming pregnant.

During a tour in Moscow, Pastrana gave birth to a baby with features similar to her own. The child survived only three days, and Pastrana died of postpartum complications five days later.

After death

Lent did not abandon the tour; he contacted Professor Sukolov of Moscow University, had his wife and son mummified and displayed them in a glass cabinet. He later found another woman with similar features, married her and named her Zenora Pastrana, becoming wealthy from her exhibition. He was eventually committed to a Russian mental institution in 1884, where he died.

The mummies disappeared from the public view. They appeared in Norway in 1921 and were on display until the 1970s, when an outcry arose over a proposed tour of the USA, and they were withdrawn from public view. Vandals broke into the storage facility in August 1976 and mutilated the baby's mummy. The remains were consumed by mice. Julia's mummy was stolen in 1979, but stored at the Oslo Forensic Institute after the body was reported to police but not identified. It was identified in 1990 and has rested in a sealed coffin at the Department of Anatomy, Oslo University since 1997. In 1994, the Norway Senate recommended burying her remains, but the Minister of Sciences decided to keep them, so scientists could perform research. A special permit was required to gain access to her remains.^[2]

On 2 August 2012 it was reported in Aftenposten that Pastrana would finally be buried in Mexico at an unspecified date.^[8] In February 2013, with the help of Sinaloa state governor Mario López Valdez, New York-based visual artist Laura Anderson Barbata, Norwegian authorities, and others, the body was turned over to the government of Sinaloa and her burial was planned.^[3] On 12 February 2013, hundreds of people attended her Catholic funeral, and her remains were buried in a cemetery in Sinaloa de Leyva, a town near her birthplace.^[9]

In popular culture

• Pastrana was mentioned in the 1871 novel A Terrible Temptation by Charles Reade.^[10]
• Marco Ferreri's film The Ape Woman (1964) is based on Pastrana's life story.
• Alternative rock band Ass Ponys named a song after Pastrana on their 1993 album Grim.
• A play based on Pastrana's life, The True History of the Tragic Life and Triumphant Death of Julia Pastrana, the Ugliest Woman in the World (1998) was written by Shaun Prendergast. A 2003 Texas production of the play staged by Kathleen Anderson Culebro, sister of Laura Anderson Barbato, led to the campaign by Barbato to repatriate Pastrana's remains from Norway to Mexico.^[3]
• In a 2004 episode of The Ricky Gervais Show, Karl Pilkington referenced the "Victorian Ape Woman" in the recurring segment, "Monkey News".
• Norwegian pop singer Kaada named a song after Pastrana on his 2006 album Music for Moviebikers.
• The 2009 album Ancient Greeks and Circus Freaks by Intercontinental Music Lab features the song "Ordinary Bones" on the subject of Pastrana.^[11]
• The Image Comics published comic book Proof features a fictionalized account of Pastrana's history. The collected version of this story was published as the trade paperback "Julia" in July, 2010.
• Pastrana is the subject of the 2012 novel Julia Pastrana by Sandy Olson and Julian Fenech.
• On 14 October 2013 the in-development movie "Velvet" is announced, based upon the life and experiences of Julia Pastrana, and from an original screenplay by Celso García and Francisco Payó González. "Velvet" is directed by Celso García and is an international production with the support of various personalities behind and in front of the camera. The announcement appeared in an article published in Mexican newspaper "Mural", member of the editorial group Reforma.
• Pastrana was mentioned in the 1991 novel Sarah Canary by Karen Joy Fowler.^[12]

Notes

References

External links

• JULIA PASTRANA - The Nondescript