Joseph P. Lash

Joseph P. Lash
Agnes Reynolds and Joseph P. Lash of the American Student Union before the Dies Committee, 1939.
Born	(1909-12-02)December 2, 1909 New York City
Died	August 22, 1987(1987-08-22) (aged 77) Boston, Massachusetts
Occupation	Writer
Nationality	American
Alma mater	City College of New York, Columbia University
Genres	Biography
Notable work(s)	Eleanor and Franklin (1971), Eleanor: The Years Alone (1972)
Spouse(s)	Trude Wenzel Pratt Lash

Joseph P. Lash (December 2, 1909 – August 22, 1987) was an American radical political activist, journalist, and author. A close friend of Eleanor Roosevelt, Lash won both the Pulitzer Prize for Biography^[1] and the National Book Award in Biography^[2] for Eleanor and Franklin (1971), the first of two volumes he wrote about the former First Lady.

Early years

Joseph P. Lash was born in New York City, the son of the former Mary Avchin and Samuel Lash,^[3] ethnic Jewish immigrants from the Russian empire.^[4] Joseph was the eldest of three sons and two daughters of the couple.^[5]

He received his Bachelor's degree from City College of New York in 1931 and a Master's degree from Columbia University in New York City in 1932.^[3]

Political activism

In 1930, while a Junior at City College, Lash joined the Socialist Party of America (SPA), in which he remained a member until his resignation in 1937.^[3]

Following his graduation in 1932, Lash went to work for the League for Industrial Democracy (LID), an independent socialist organization closely tied to the SPA. He remained as the head of the Student League for Industrial Democracy (SLID) and editor of its publication, Student Outlook,^[6] from 1933 until 1935.^[3] At that time became the Executive Secretary of the American Student Union, a popular front organization which brought together members of the youth organizations of the rival Socialist and Communist parties.^[3] Lash served in this capacity until 1939.^[3]

About 1937, Lash went to Spain, then in the midst of a civil war between "Loyalist" defenders of the Spanish Republic, backed by the world communist and socialist movements, and pro-fascist rebels under the leadership of Francisco Franco. Lash did not participate in the fighting in Spain, but rather spoke to Spanish youth groups in an effort to help rally support for the Loyalist cause.^[3] He grew politically close to the Communist Party in this period.^[5]

Lash met Eleanor Roosevelt on a train in 1939 and became a lifelong friend of the first lady.^[5] Lash would later gain his greatest fame as her biographer.

In 1939 Lash was subpoenaed to appear before the House Un-American Activities Committee, colloquially known as the "Dies Committee" after its chairman, to be questioned about his activities with the American Student Union and the American Youth Congress. Lash was a hostile witness and refused to cooperate with the committee in its effort to obtain the names of members of the Communist Party and to expound upon their influence.^[3] The White House press corps was stunned when the first lady herself made an appearance at Lash's hearing to lend moral support to her new young friend.^[5] After the hearing, Lash attended a dinner at the White House at Eleanor Roosevelt's invitation, along with others called to testify before the Dies Committee.^[5]

Lash was shaken by the turn of the Soviet Union and its supporters of the Communist Party USA away from militant anti-fascism to neutrality towards the Adolf Hitler regime following the 1939 Nazi-Soviet Pact. He established a non-communist national student organization, the International Student Service, in 1940 and served as that group's head until 1942.^[5]

In 1942, at his own request, Lash made a second appearance before the Dies Committee, at which he renounced his former Communist Party allies, while at the same time refusing to provide information about individuals with whom he worked during the Popular Front period.^[3]

Lash applied for a commission with Naval Intelligence during World War II but was apparently turned away as a potential security risk.^[3] He instead enlisted in the U.S. Army, in which he entered as a Sergeant before gaining promotion rank of Second Lieutenant.^[5] During the wartime years he maintained a correspondence with the First Lady, who visited him during her 1943 American Red Cross tour of the Pacific.^[6]

With Eleanor Roosevelt, Lash was a co-founder and New York Director of Americans for Democratic Action (ADA), an anti-communist national membership organization of American liberals.^[6] He remained in this capacity with ADA until 1949.^[3]

Journalist and biographer

In 1950, Lash went to work for the New York Post as the paper's United Nations correspondent.

Lash began his career as a chronicler of the Roosevelt Administration in 1952, when he assisted Franklin D. Roosevelt's son, Elliott Roosevelt, with the editing for publication of two volumes of the President's letters.^[6]

In 1961, Lash published his first full-length book, a biography of U.N. Secretary-General Dag Hammarskjöld. Thereafter, he moved to a position as assistant editor of the New York Post's editorial page, staying in that capacity until 1966.^[3]

Following Eleanor Roosevelt's death in 1962, Lash set to work writing a memoir of her, published two years later as Eleanor Roosevelt: A Friend's Memoir.^[6] This fair and familiar treatment of his friend kept him in the Roosevelt family's eye. Two years after the publication of this book, in 1966, Lash received a telephone call from Franklin D. Roosevelt, Jr., the literary executor of his mother. Roosevelt asked whether Lash might like to take a look at Eleanor Roosevelt's personal papers, with a view to writing a biography. Lash accepted this offer with gusto, quit his job at the Post, and began a five-year project which would culminate in the publication of the first installment of a two-part biography, Eleanor and Franklin.^[5] This book, which dealt sympathetically but candidly with the Roosevelts' sometimes troubled marriage, made headlines and garnered critical praise. It won the Pulitzer Prize for biography in 1972, cementing Lash's prominence as an independent writer. A series of literary projects ensued.

Death and legacy

Lash died August 22, 1987 in Boston, Massachusetts, where he had been undergoing treatment for a heart ailment.^[5] He was 77 years old at the time of his death.

Beside the Pulitzer Prize and National Book Award, Lash also won the Francis Parkman Prize for Eleanor and Franklin.^[4]

During his lifetime Lash's books were translated into a number of European languages, including German, French, Spanish, Swedish, Danish, and Croatian.^[7]

Lash's papers are held by the New York State Archives in Albany, New York and the Franklin D. Roosevelt Presidential Library in Hyde Park, New York.

Works

• The Campus Strikes Against War. New York: Student League for Industrial Democracy, 1936.
• War, Our Heritage. With James A. Wechsler. New York: International Publishers, 1936.
• Toward a "Closed Shop" on the Campus. New York: American Student Union, 1936.
• The Campus: A Fortress of Democracy. New York: American Student Union, n.d. [1937].
• The Student in the Post-Munich World. New York: American Student Union, 1938.
• Dag Hammarskjöld: Custodian of the Brushfire Peace. Garden City, New York: Doubleday, 1961.
• Eleanor Roosevelt: A Friend's Memoir. Garden City, New York: Doubleday, 1964.
• Eleanor and Franklin: The Story of their Relationship, Based on Eleanor Roosevelt's Private Papers. New York: W.W. Norton, 1971.
• Eleanor: The Years Alone. New York: W.W. Norton, 1972.
• From the Diaries of Felix Frankfurter. New York: W.W. Norton, 1975.
• Roosevelt and Churchill, 1939–1941: The Partnership That Saved the West. New York: W.W. Norton, 1976.
• Helen and Teacher: The Story of Helen Keller and Anne Sullivan Macy. New York: Delacorte Press, 1980.
• "Life was Meant to be Lived": A Centenary Portrait of Eleanor Roosevelt. New York: W.W. Norton, 1984.
• A World of Love: Eleanor Roosevelt and Her Friends, 1943–1962. Garden City, New York: Doubleday, 1984.
• Dealers and Dreamers: A New Look at the New Deal. New York: Doubleday, 1988.

References

External links

• FBI file on Joseph P. Lash