Joseph Berrios

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Joseph Berrios
Joseph "Joe" Berrios
Joseph "Joe" Berrios. Photograph by Patrick Hickey.
Cook County Assessor
Incumbent
Assumed office
December 6, 2010
Preceded by James Houlihan
Commissioner, Cook County Board of Review
In office
1988–2010
State Representative, Illinois General Assembly
In office
1982–1988
Personal details
Born (1952-02-14) February 14, 1952
Political party Democratic
Residence Chicago, Illinois
 United States

Joseph "Joe" Berrios (born February 14, 1952) is a Democratic politician who is the Assessor of Cook County, Illinois and a Illinois state government lobbyist. One of seven children of Puerto Rican native parents, and raised in the Cabrini-Green public housing project, he became the first Hispanic American to serve in the Illinois General Assembly and the first and only Hispanic American to chair the Cook County Democratic Party. He was a Commissioner on the Cook County Board of Review, a property tax assessment appeal panel.

Throughout his career, Berrios combined government sector jobs, elected office, unpaid political party leadership positions, and private sector proprietorships in lobbying, consulting and insurance sales. His political campaign strategies included ballot access challenges to potential opponents. He has been the focus of investigations into allegations of ethics violations and political corruption with respect to campaign fund-raising and nepotism. In the press and in the courts, Berrios has repeatedly defended his right as an elected official to hire relatives and to accept campaign contributions from those with business before his office.

Early life, education, and early political career

Berrios was born on February 14, 1952, oldest of seven children. Berrios' parents were Puerto Rican natives. When he was six, his family moved into the Cabrini-Green public housing high-rises. At 13 Berrios got a job as a dishwasher in the Tower Club, a private restaurant on the 39th floor of the Civic Opera House,[1] worked there for seven years, and eventually become a waiter. Berrios graduated from Lane Technical College Prep High School in Chicago, and received a bachelor's degree in accounting from the University of Illinois Chicago.[2][3]

Berrios' first political role was the unpaid position of a precinct captain in the 31st Ward political organization of Alderman Thomas Keane, Chicago Mayor Richard J. Daley's chief ally on the City Council.[4] Berrios first met Keane when as student at the University of Illinois Chicago, Berrios was ticketed for speeding on the Kennedy Expressway and called on his alderman and committeeman Keane.[5] In October 1974, Keane was convicted of conspiracy and mail fraud for using his elected office to profit from illegal real estate deals. His wife, Adeline succeeded him as alderman and Edward Nedza as committeeman.[6] Berrios was a political protege of Nedza. In 1978 Nedza won the Illinois state Senate seat from the 5th Senate district, which encompasses the Humboldt Park neighborhood of Chicago, and much of the 31st ward. Nedza, a Polish-American, recognized the growing Puerto Rican population in his district, and groomed Hispanics within the Democratic Party.[7]

Illinois State Representative

Chicago-area Latino groups contested the legislative district map of the Illinois General Assembly in United States federal court. The panel of judges that decided the case ordered a new map that gave Hispanics a majority in two Illinois House of Representatives districts in Chicago, the 9th, which is predominantly Puerto Rican, and the 20th, which is predominantly Mexican. In 1982, Nedza sponsored Berrios, at the time chief clerk to Cook County Board of (Tax) Appeals Commissioner Harry Semrow, in the 9th district.[8] Berrios was one of three candidates who filed nominating petitions to run in the Democratic primary, but Berrios ran unopposed when the petitions of the other two candidates were successfully challenged. Republicans fielded no candidate in their primary, so Berrios ran unopposed in the general election, and at the age of 30 became the first Hispanic American to serve in the Illinois General Assembly.[3][9][10][11] Berrios ran for re-election unopposed in the Fall 1986 general election.[12] He won re-election twice, serving three two-year terms.[13][14]

Berrios maintained his job in Chicago as chief clerk of the Cook County Board of (Tax) Appeals while serving part-time as a legislator in the state capital in downstate Springfield, Illinois.[15] In December, 1985 he was one of 21 state legislators criticised for holding a second, taxpayer-salaried government job in a report issued by the Coalition for Political Honesty, founded by Board of (Tax) Appeals Commissioner Patrick Quinn, later Illinois Treasurer, Lieutenant Governor and Governor.[16]

Democratic party posts

31st ward Democratic committeeman

In March 1987 then former State Senator Edward Nedza, Berrios' mentor, was indicted in a federal investigation of bribes allegedly paid to city licensing officials.[6] In April, 1987 Nedza resigned his position as committeeman of the 31st ward in Chicago and named Berrios as his replacement. In August, 1987, Nedza was convicted on federal charges of using his political office for illegal financial gain.[17][18]

Berrios allied with Alderman Edward Vrdolyak, during Chicago Mayor Harold Washington's first term, the Council Wars era. In 1987 Raymond Figueroa, with Washington's backing, defeated Berrios's candidate for alderman, Miguel Santiago, which helped close the Council Wars. A year later Figueroa defeated Berrios for committeeman.[19][20] In 1991, Figueroa decided not to run for re-election as alderman, and left the committeeman's job the following year. Berrios regained the committeeman's post, a role he has held ever since.[4]

Chairman, Cook County Democratic Party

Thomas G. Lyons, a veteran 45th Ward committeeman who had held the unpaid party position of chairman of the Cook County Democratic Party for nearly 17 years, was seriously ill and announced his retirement in January 2007, and died on January 12 at age 75.[21] Democrats met in Chicago on February 1 to fill the vacancy[22] and elected Berrios as their new chairman. Berrios was the first Hispanic to hold the post,[23] which he has held ever since.

Commissioner on the Cook County Board of (Tax) Appeals

Berrios' boss at the Cook County Board of (Tax) Appeals, Harry Semrow, died November 23, 1987 at age 72.[24] In accordance with state law, the Chief Judge of the Cook County Circuit Court appointed a temporary replacement, attorney Thomas A. Jaconetty, 34, a deputy assessor with the Board of (Tax) Appeals since 1981. Jaconnetty was a 31st ward resident[25] and the secretary of Berrios' 31st ward Democratic organization[26] with whom Berrios had been a precinct captain in the 31st Ward under Alderman Keane.[27] Berrios ran for the vacancy with the backing of the Democratic party organization.[28] In the Democratic primary, Berrios won the nomination with a sizable margin over Jeffrey Paul Smith, an assistant corporation counsel with the City of Chicago whose candidacy was sponsored by Quinn, by then a former Commissioner.[29]

When first elected to the Board of (Tax) Appeals in 1988, Berrios was paid about $56,000 a year. In October 1990, Berrios added a part-time job as a legislative aide to a political ally, Democratic State Representative Miguel Santiago. The job paid Berrios nearly $10,000 over the next two years.[30] Also while working at the tax appeals board, Berrios worked as a lobbyist and a consultant to the state government, sometimes in association with his longtime business partner, Sam Panayotovich.[31] From 1988 to 1993, Panayotovich and Berrios won a $185,000 no-bid contract as the Illinois Department of Transportation's (IDOT's) liaison with lawmakers and municipal officials.[32][33]

On March 11, 1994 FBI agents executed a search warrant to confiscate records from the Cook County Board of (Tax) Appeals as part of an ongoing investigation.[34] Weeks later, federal agents investigating ghost payrolling subpoenaed financial records regarding several past and current employees of the Board, including Berrios and Panayotovich.[35][36][37] The US Treasury Department investigated the IDOT contracts with Berrios and Panayotovich, and a federal grand jury subpoenaed the contracts.[32][33] A federal grand jury in Chicago subpoenaed records documenting the recipients of tuition waivers to state universities request by three current and two former state legislators, including Berrios and Panayotovich. The scholarship program, begun in 1905, allowed each state legislator to waive the tuition and fees of any of the state's 12 public universities, for any two students who live within the legislator's district, without regard to academic achievement or financial need.[38][39] No charges were filed against anyone in the Cook County Board of (Tax) Appeals.[40] The Cook County Board of (Tax) Appeals was reconstituted and renamed the Cook County Board of Review in 1998.

Commissioner Berrios was named as a recipient of bribes in secret recordings by an undercover FBI informant.[41]

Hiring of relatives and friends

While Commissioner on the Board of Review, Berrios' sister, sister-in-law, son and daughter worked for the county at annual salaries ranging from $48,000 to $86,000.[42] "Let me see, one, two, three … yeah, four,” Berrios told the Associated Press.[43] Berrios also hired, as a deputy chief commissioner, election law attorney Jaconetty, who wrote the chapter on ballot access in the courseware of the Illinois Institute for Continuing Legal Education.[44] Berrios responded to criticisms of his hiring of relatives and friends, saying,

"What you're basically saying is that Joe Berrios should get out of politics. If my brothers or whoever wants to come and work in government, they shouldn't be allowed to work in government. If you want to pass a law that says one individual is in government, then none of their friends or relatives can work in government, then you should pass that law."[45]

Political fundraising from tax appeal lawyers

Board of (Tax) Appeals Commissioner Berrios regularly accepted hundreds of thousands of dollars a year in campaign contributions from lawyers who appealed property tax assessments before the Board.[46] Berrios controls five personal political action committees, not including the fund for the Cook County Democratic Party, which he also controls. Berrios collected more than $3 million in political contributions between 2000 and 2010, 64 percent from property tax appeal lawyers. About one-third of Berrios’ campaign contributions in that decade came from the 15 property tax appeal law firms that gained the most for their clients between 2006 and 2008, contributing almost $1 million to six political action committees controlled by Berrios and his daughter, Illinois State Representative Maria Antonia Berrios, Democrat of the 39th Illinois House district on Chicago's northwest side. Berrios started 2008 with $1.2 million in just one of his several campaign funds, much of it from attorneys who appeared before him.

Several of the most successful property tax appeal law firms in Cook County have strong political connections. From 2006 to 2008, the tax appeal law firms that received the largest reductions for their clients were those of Representative Michael J. Madigan (the Illinois House Speaker, a Chicago Democrat and close ally of Berrios), Patrick J. Cullerton (the brother of Illinois State Senator John Cullerton, the president of the Illinois Senate), and Chicago Alderman Edward M. Burke. Simultaneously, Berrios worked as a registered lobbyist to Illinois state government on issues such as legalizing video poker.[47][48][49][50] Berrios lobbies Madigan and Cullerton in Springfield, while the Assessor is critical to the lucrative commercial real-estate tax appeals practices of law firms, including those of Madigan and Cullerton.[3][51][52][53] "Even by Illinois’s loose conflict of interest standards, the obviousness of the Madigan-Berrios connection is stupefying," wrote Chicago Magazine in 2013.[54]

Cook County Assessor

Campaign and election

Cook County Assessor James Houlihan announced that he would not seek re-election in 2010.[55] Within hours, Berrios said he planned to announce his candidacy for assessor.[56] On February 2, 2010 Berrios won the three-way Democratic primary[4] with 39% of the vote, in a primary with the lowest turn-out since 1958.[57][58]

Berrios' candidacy was denounced by local editorial boards. The Chicago Tribune editorial board described Berrios as "a terrible candidate for the powerful office of assessor"[59] and called the Democratic Party of Cook County's slating of Berrios for Assessor a "miserable mistake," citing "his disregard for basic ethical principles" and "patent conflicts of interest."[60] The Chicago Sun-Times editorial board called the slating a "tragedy," describing Berrios as "a fine example, in fact, of why Illinois needs serious campaign finance reform with teeth in it," and citing Berrios' lack of transparency on the Board of Review, his record of hiring family and friends, and his "cozy" relationship with Madigan.[61] The Daily Herald editorial board called Berrios "the very antithesis of what the office needs."[62] A profile in Chicago Magazine described him as "a consummate insider in Illinois politics" and "a vivid example of the clout-infested politics for which Illinois is famous."[3]

On Monday morning, September 13, 2010, while candidate Berrios was at a campaign fund-raising breakfast,[63] the Finance Committee of the Cook County Board met and approved a package of ethics reforms in response to Berrios, including a measure that required candidates for Assessor or the Board of Review to return contributions from property tax appeal lawyers of more than $1,500, and prohibiting public officials from conducting political activities while at work for the county or using county resources.[64] "The law stinks, bottom line," Berrios said.[47]

Cook County Commissioner Forrest Claypool filed nominating petitions to run as an independent candidate for assessor. Berrios dropped a challenge to Claypool's nominating petitions after Berrios' lawyers examined Claypool's 90,000 signatures, 65,000 more than required.[65] Berrios prevailed in the November 2010 general election with 46 percent of the vote in a field that also included Republican Sharon Strobeck-Eckersall. Claypool attributed his defeat to his failure to get enough suburban support to offset Berrios' organization in Chicago.[66][67]

Campaign fundraising in excess of County limits

Assessor Berrios was investigated by the Cook County Board of Ethics for allegedly accepting excessive political contributions from attorneys who argued property-tax appeals before the Assessor and Board of Review.[68][69] The Board of Ethics sent letters to 15 tax attorneys, warning that their donations to Berrios during the 2010 election cycle had exceeded the county campaign contribution limits. Berrios' attorney objected that the regulation was "illegal",[70] and Berrios sought an advisory opinion from the Cook County State’s Attorney.[69] In February 2011, a Cook County Deputy State’s Attorney wrote an advisory opinion that the County Board lacked the home rule authority to limit campaign contributions to the Assessor and that state campaign finance law prevails.[71] The County Board's legal counsel issued an opinion that the new contribution limits were unconstitutional.[72] Cook County commissioners scaled back the campaign finance reform law[73] and the Cook County Board of Ethics dropped its investigation of Berrios' campaign contributions.[74][75]

Hiring and promoting relatives and friends

Days after taking office, Berrios hired his son, sister and Jaconetty to work for him, bringing them over from the property tax appeals board.[76] The family members received raises in their new positions.[77] Asked if the hirings confirmed past criticisms, Berrios said: "I still won the election."[78][79][80] Patrick Blanchard, the county’s Inspector General, and MaryNic Foster, Executive Director of the Cook County Board of Ethics, the County’s top two government watchpersons, issued a joint advisory memo to County Board President Toni Preckwinkle, all 17 Cook County commissioners, and nine other elected county officials, including Berrios, warning them that hiring relatives violated county ethics laws.[81] The Cook County Board of Ethics initiated an investigation of Berrios.[82] The federal-court appointed attorneys monitoring City of Chicago and Cook County compliance with the Shakman decrees, designed to prevent politics from influencing most personnel decisions, raised objections to as many as 27 hirings and firings in the first month of the Berrios administration of the Assessor's office.[83][84]

While the Cook County Board of Ethics consideration of Berrios' possible violations of County nepotism ordinances was pending, reports by WGN-TV, the Better Government Association, and Chicago Magazine questioned Berrios' relationship to John J. Pikarski, the Board's chairman, and also a prominent, long-time real estate zoning attorney. Pikarski's law firm had represented clients before the County Board of Review on which Berrios served, and had donated thousands of dollars to Berrios' political campaigns.[63][85][86][87] One day after the release of the joint investigations, Pikarski resigned.[88][89][90]

On January 28, 2011, Berrios laid off 53 employees, of which 48 were members of unions, to comply with County Board President Preckwinkle’s request for across-the-board 16 percent budget cuts in each unit of County government to help close an estimated $487 million budget shortfall, but Berrios' relatives remained on the payroll.[91] In its final determination dated June 20, 2012 the Cook County Board of Ethics recommended that Berrios remove his son and sister from the County payroll and fined Berrios $10,000 total ($5,000 for each of two relatives he hired). "To me it’s not big deal, because I’ve been told by the state’s attorney they have no power over us," Berrios said.[92] A Chicago Tribune editorial called Berrios' hiring of his relatives "a flagrant violation of the county's ethics rules."[93] County Board President Preckwinkle said,

"I've always said throughout my political career that if you're in public office, you should not hire your relatives. This is not appropriate. And it leads to the perception that government is only for friends and family. And that's neither good nor right."[94]

Cook County State's Attorney Anita Alvarez declined to represent Berrios or the Board of Ethics in the nepotism issue, citing conflict of interest. A Cook County Circuit Court judge appointed an outside lawyer to represent Berrios before the Board of Ethics beginning in April 2011, and the firm billed the county $4,773 for its work as of September, 2012. The Board of Ethics rejected Berrios' appeal of the final determination.[95] By November, 2012, 15 members of Berrios' family were on state or county payrolls or receiving state or county pensions.[96][97] Berrios topped the "Hall of Shame" category in "Chicago’s Best and Worst Politicians of 2012" in Chicago Magazine's December, 2012 issue.[98] The Board of Ethics petitioned the courts for a special prosecutor, and a judge appointed attorney and former Chicago Inspector General David H. Hoffman. By March, 2013, Berrios had billed the County $24,716 for his defense against the Board of Ethics' ruling.[99]

Cook County homeowners are eligible for a property-tax break on their primary residence, but a manager in Assessor's office was granted the homeowner's exemption on two homes. In 2012 Cook County Inspector General Blanchard subpoenaed the Assessor's office seeking documents related to the exemptions. Berrios ignored the subpoena, claiming that the County Inspector General has no authority over him. Blanchard filed suit against Berrios. Berrios is represented in the suit by Cook County State's Attorney Alvarez.[100]

Business interests and personal life

Berrios is a partner with Sam Panayotovich in, and secretary of, a lobbying firm, B-P Consulting, Inc. with offices in Springfield and downtown Chicago. Lobbying clients include the Illinois Licensed Beverage Association and the Illinois Coin Machine Operators Association, manufacturers and distributors of video poker machines.[49][101][102][103] Berrios is President of an insurance agency, J B Insurance - Consulting Inc. with an office in downtown Chicago.[104]

Berrios lives in the Belmont Cragin neighborhood on Chicago's Northwest Side. He is the father of three children, including State Representative Maria Antonia "Toni" Berrios.[2]

References

  1. ↑ Slodysko, Brian (December 26, 2011). "Chicago's famed Tower Club closes; Founded by ComEd magnate, club in Civic Opera House is no more". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved 2013-11-02. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 "Joseph Berrios, Candidate for Cook County Assessor". ABC7 News. Retrieved 2013-09-16. 
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Bernstein, David (October 2010). "Joseph Berrios, Candidate for Cook County Assessor: Under the Microscope". Chicago Magazine. Retrieved 2013-09-16. 
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Joravsky, Ben (2010-01-14). "Who'll Keep Your Rent Down Now? In the Cook County assessor's race: the insider, the outsider, or the guy with no phone?". Chicago Reader. Retrieved 2013-09-16. 
  5. ↑ Hardy, Thomas (1988-02-07). "Don`t Overlook This Machine Vs. Reform Political Battle". Retrieved 2012-09-21. 
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Camper, John (1987-03-17). "Nedza, Kuta Learned Politics From Master". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved 2013-09-17. 
  7. ↑ Galvan, Manuel; Smith, Wes (1986-03-09). "Hispanic movement takes cue from past". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved 2013-09-17. 
  8. ↑ Galvan, Manuel (1984-02-17). "Hispanics try breaking mold in committee races". Chicago Tribune. 
  9. ↑ Galvan, Manuel (1982-05-10). "No opponent for Hispanic candidate: Campaign '82". Chicago Tribune. 
  10. ↑ "A Troubling Assessment of Insider Joseph Berrios". Better Government Association. 2010-08-30. Retrieved 2013-09-17. 
  11. ↑ Neal, Steve (1983-06-23). "Another gain for Hispanic voters". Chicago Tribune. 
  12. ↑ "Cook County races: Illinois House District 9 Republican/No candidate". Chicago Tribune. 1984-10-28. 
  13. ↑ "About Joseph Berrios". Cook County Assessor's Office. Retrieved 2012-09-11. 
  14. ↑ Kelley, Daniel J. (April 7, 2010). "Run Forrest Run! Claypool in Race". Chicago Daily Observer. Retrieved 2013-09-17. 
  15. ↑ "Illinois House choices". Chicago Tribune. 1986-03-03. 
  16. ↑ Kass, John (1985-12-16). "State 'double dippers' blasted". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved 2013-09-21. 
  17. ↑ "Nedza's fate mirrors his mentor's". Chicago Tribune. 1987-08-14. Retrieved 2013-09-17. 
  18. ↑ Galvan, Manuel (1987-04-17). "Hispanics Set Goal: Congress Seat In '91". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved 2012-09-21. 
  19. ↑ Dold, R. Bruce (1988-03-21). "Hispanics` Sweep Poses Dilemmas". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved 2012-09-21. 
  20. ↑ Fremon, David K. (1988). Chicago Politics Ward by Ward. Indiana University Press. p. 360. ISBN 0-253-31344-9. 
  21. ↑ Pearson, Rick; Sheehan, Charles (2007-01-14). "Thomas G. Lyons: 1931-2007; Leader of Cook County Democrats; Long political career included work as 45th Ward committeeman, lawmaker, lawyer and lobbyist". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved 2013-09-17. 
  22. ↑ "Democrat leader Lyons to resign next month". Chicago Tribune. 2007-01-10. Retrieved 2013-09-17. 
  23. ↑ Ciokajlo, Mickey (2007-02-02). "Democrats elect a new chief; County party names 1st Hispanic leader". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved 2013-09-17. 
  24. ↑ Hardy, Thomas (1987-11-25). "Race Begins To Fill Vacancy On Tax Appeals Board". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved 2012-09-21. 
  25. ↑ "Semrow's successor on tax appeals board named". Chicago Tribune. 1988-01-05. Retrieved 2012-09-21. 
  26. ↑ Dold, R. Bruce (1988-01-06). "Berrios To Take A Leave To Run For Tax Board". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved 2013-09-18. 
  27. ↑ Joravsky, Ben (2006-12-18). "The Demotion That Makes No Difference". Chicago Reader. Retrieved 2013-09-18. 
  28. ↑ Hardy, Thomas (1987-12-02). "Democratic Slatemakers Endorse Hispanic Lawmaker For Tax Appeal Board". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved 2012-09-21. 
  29. ↑ Camper, John; Davis, Robert (1988-03-16). "Pucinski Rolls Over Byrne, Faces Vrdolyak For Circuit Court Clerk Big Vote Margin Stuns Ex-mayor". Chicago Tribune. p. 1. Retrieved 2012-09-21. 
  30. ↑ Neal, Steve (1996-02-14). "Master of Deception". Chicago Sun-Times. 
  31. ↑ Gibson, Ray (1995-02-24). "Hunt For 'Ghosts' Goes Beyond City". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved 2013-09-18. 
  32. ↑ 32.0 32.1 Pearson, Rick (1995-04-07). "IRS Joins Ghost Payrolling Probe; Legislators Questioned About Consulting Firm Work". Chicago Tribune. p. 1. Retrieved 2012-09-25. 
  33. ↑ 33.0 33.1 Long, Ray (1995-04-07). "Former legislators' IDOT work under probe Treasury questions whether lawmakers followed contracts". Journal Star (Peoria, IL). 
  34. ↑ Ortiz, Lou (1994-03-17). "FBI Seizes Documents At Tax Appeals Board". Chicago Sun-Times. 
  35. ↑ Gibson, Ray; Fegelman, Andrew (1994-04-25). "FBI Probes Ghost-payrolling At Tax Board". Chicago Tribune. p. 1. Retrieved 2013-09-18. 
  36. ↑ O'Connor, Matt; Kass, John (1995-01-25). "U.S. Expands Inquiry Into Ghost Payrolling". Chicago Tribune. p. 1. Retrieved 2012-09-17. 
  37. ↑ Gibson, Ray (1994-03-26). "Agents Subpoena Files In County Office Probe". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved 2012-09-21. 
  38. ↑ Gibson, Ray (1995-03-01). "Ghost-payroll Probe Turns To Legislative Scholarships". Chicago Tribune. p. 1. Retrieved 2012-10-05. 
  39. ↑ "Lawmakers' scholarship records probed". Pantagraph (Bloomington, IL). Associated Press. 1995-03-02. 
  40. ↑ Becker, Robert (1998-12-03). "County To Pay Legal Bills Of Frost, Berrios". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved 2012-09-21. 
  41. ↑ Janssen, Kim (2013-10-22). "Joe Berrios’ name surfaces in bribery trial". Chicago Sun Times. Retrieved 2013-10-24. 
  42. ↑ Dardick, Hal (2010-10-18). "Assessor candidates on the defensive; In debate, Berrios challenged about relatives on government payroll". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved 2013-09-18. 
  43. ↑ Babwin, Don (2010-10-30). "Race For Obscure Post Tests Chicago-Style Politics". CBS 2 Chicago (Associated Press). Retrieved 2013-09-18. 
  44. ↑ Zorn, Eric (2009-11-17). "Petition challenge hearings begin: The 'gotcha' game is afoot". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved 2013-09-18. 
  45. ↑ "Candidate Forum: Cook County Assessor". Chicago Tonight (WTTW). 2010-10-08. Retrieved 2013-09-18. 
  46. ↑ Hinz, Greg (2010-01-25). "Cook County assessor shouldn't collect campaign cash from property tax law firms". Crain's Chicago Business. Retrieved 2013-09-18. 
  47. ↑ 47.0 47.1 Bernstein, David (October 2010). "Cook County Campaign Contribution Limits to Board of Review Not Being Enforced; THE FRIENDLY BAR: A county effort to cap campaign donations by property tax attorneys turns out to be toothless". Chicago Magazine. Retrieved 2013-09-18. 
  48. ↑ Mihalopoulos, Dan; Little, Darnell (2010-01-29). "Assessor Candidate Benefits From Property Tax Lawyers". The New York Times. Retrieved 2012-09-18. 
  49. ↑ 49.0 49.1 Tulsky, Fredric N.; Sullivan, John (2012-01-08). "Disclosure Often Spotty Or Inaccurate". The New York Times. Retrieved 2012-09-18. 
  50. ↑ Olmstead, Rob (2008-01-31). "Anonymous board receives lots of attention". Daily Herald (Arlington Heights, IL). p. 5. 
  51. ↑ Warren, James (2010-04-10). "Look at Assessor Race. Isn’t Democracy Grand?". The New York Times. Retrieved 2012-09-18. 
  52. ↑ Mihalopoulos, Dan (2010-11-05). "Hard Work and Money Helped State Democrats Resist G.O.P. Tide". The New York Times. Retrieved 2012-09-18. 
  53. ↑ Joravsky, Ben (2010-10-14). "No White Knight, No Silver Bullet". Chicago Reader. Retrieved 2012-10-05. 
  54. ↑ Ylisela Jr., James (December 2013). "Michael Madigan Is the King of Illinois". Chicago Magazine. Retrieved 2014-01-01. 
  55. ↑ Dardick, Hal (2009-08-06). "Cook County Assessor James Houlihan won't seek re-election". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved 2013-09-18. 
  56. ↑ "Cook County Assessor James Houlihan Announces He Won't Run Again". Chicago Tribune. WGN-AM. 2009-08-06. Retrieved 2013-09-18. 
  57. ↑ "Cook County assessor, Chicago Tribune Election Center". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved 2013-09-18. 
  58. ↑ Warren, James (2010-02-11). "An Election Sets a Record, and Not a Good One". New York Times. Retrieved 2013-09-18. 
  59. ↑ "Stroger and Berrios". Chicago Tribune. 2010-05-12. Retrieved 2013-09-18. 
  60. ↑ "Assessor Insider". Chicago Tribune. 2009-09-10. Retrieved 2013-09-18. 
  61. ↑ "Tomorrow's tragedy: Berrios as assessor". Chicago Sun-Times. 2009-09-08. 
  62. ↑ "For Cook County assessor, Democratic: Figueroa". Daily Herald. 2010-01-23. Retrieved 2013-09-18. 
  63. ↑ 63.0 63.1 Better Government Association; Chicago Magazine; WGN-TV (2011-01-18). "Ethical Questions Arise About Cook County Ethics Board; A joint investigation by WGN-TV, Chicago magazine and the Better Government Association raises ethical questions about the head of the Cook County Ethics Board". Retrieved 2013-09-18. 
  64. ↑ Dardick, Hal (2010-09-13). "Cook County commissioners back ethics reform; Measures become fodder in lead-up to assessor contest in November". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved 2013-09-14. 
  65. ↑
  66. ↑ Kirk, Jim (2010-10-02). "Preckwinkle, Berrios Cruise To Victories in Cook County". Chicago News Cooperative. Retrieved 2013-09-18. 
  67. ↑ "Claypool concedes, Berrios winner in Cook County assessor race". Chicago Tribune. 2010-11-02. Retrieved 2013-09-18. 
  68. ↑ Cox, Ted (2011-03-01). "Cook ethics board probes Berrios". Daily Herald. Retrieved 2013-09-18. 
  69. ↑ 69.0 69.1 Bartel, Marsha; Suppelsa, Mark (2011-03-01). "County assessor attempts to bend campaign cash rule; Cook County Assessor Joe Berrios accepting contributions over county's legal limit". WGN-TV News. 
  70. ↑ Donovan, Lisa (2011-03-01). "Lawyers warned their Berrios contributions could be illegal". Chicago Sun-Times. Retrieved 2013-09-18. 
  71. ↑ Donovan, Lisa (2011-02-28). "County legal opinion: Campaign finance law aimed at Berrios likely unconstitutional". Chicago Sun-Times. Retrieved 2013-09-18. 
  72. ↑ Donovan, Lisa (2011-06-01). "Cook County campaign finance law too strict, attorney says". Chicago Sun-Times. Retrieved 2013-09-18. 
  73. ↑ Donovan, Lisa (2011-06-14). "County rolls back campaign contribution limits aimed at Assessor Joe Berrios". Chicago Sun-Times. Retrieved 2013-09-18. 
  74. ↑ Donovan, Lisa (2011-12-15). "County drops probe of donations to Assessor Berrios from tax attorneys". Chicago Sun-Times. Retrieved 2013-09-18. 
  75. ↑ Schmidt, Kate (2011-12-16). "Shameless Joe". Chicago Reader. Retrieved 2012-01-30. 
  76. ↑
  77. ↑ Donovan, Lisa (2010-02-14). "Democrat Joe Berrios gets punked in Valentine from political rival". Chicago Sun Times. Retrieved 2013-10-24. 
  78. ↑ Donovan, Lisa (2010-12-08). "Despite criticism, new assessor Berrios hires son, sister". Chicago Sun-Times. Retrieved 2013-09-18. 
  79. ↑ "Despite criticism, new assessor Berrios hires son, sister". WLS 890AM. 
  80. ↑ "Joe Berrios, Cook County Assessor, Continues Hiring Family At New Post". The Huffington Post. 2010-12-08. Retrieved 2013-02-07. 
  81. ↑ Dardick, Hal (2010-12-22). "County watchdogs issue nepotism letter after Berrios hires son, sister". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved 2013-09-18. 
  82. ↑ "Cook County ethics board investigating Berrios". ABC7 News. 2011-01-04. Retrieved 2012-01-30. 
  83. ↑ Cox, Ted (2011-01-08). "Cook County Assessor Berrios denies wrongdoing". Daily Herald. Retrieved 2013-09-18. 
  84. ↑ Dardick, Hal (2011-01-06). "Berrios accused of violating patronage curbs; New assessor hired or fired 27 employees in violation of Shakman decree, attorney contends". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved 2013-03-18. 
  85. ↑ Bernstein, David (2011-01-17). "Chicago magazine, WGN-TV and BGA investigate potential conflicts of interest at Cook County Board of Ethics". Chicago Magazine. Retrieved 2013-09-18. 
  86. ↑ Suppelsa, Mark; Bartel, Marsha (2011-01-17). "Ethical conduct of head of the Cook County Ethics Board questioned". WGN-TV. 
  87. ↑ Bernstein, David (October 2010). "Board of Review Probe Centers on Joe Berrios's Office". Chicago Magazine. Retrieved 2012-09-10. 
  88. ↑ Dardick, Hal (2011-01-19). "Cook County ethics official quits; News report revealed political ties to beleaguered assessor". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved 2013-09-18. 
  89. ↑ Better Government Association; Chicago Magazine; WGN-TV (2011-01-20). "Cook County ethics chairman resigns; BGA, WGN-TV and Chicago magazine investigation raised questions about John Pikarski's own ethics on Cook County Board of Ethics". Retrieved 2013-09-18. 
  90. ↑ Suppelsa, Mark (2011-01-20). "Cook County ethics chairman resigns". WGN-TV. 
  91. ↑
  92. ↑ Donovan, Lisa (2012-06-26). "County ethics board to Assessor Berrios: Fire your son and sister". Chicago Sun-Times. Retrieved 2012-06-27. 
  93. ↑ "Ethics? Moi? Berrios says nepotism rules don't apply to him". Chicago Tribune. 2012-07-05. Retrieved 2013-09-18. 
  94. ↑ Dardick, Hal (2012-06-28). "Preckwinkle criticizes Berrios' nepotism: Assessor: County's ethics rules don't apply to him". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved 2012-09-21. 
  95. ↑ Mihalopoulos, Dan; Donovan, Lisa (2012-09-10). "Taxpayers get legal tab for Assessor Joe Berrios’ ethics fight over nepotism". Chicago Sun-Times. Retrieved 2012-09-10. 
  96. ↑ Mihalopoulos, Dan (November 16, 2012). "15 members of Joe Berrios' family on county, state payrolls". Chicago Sun-Times. Retrieved 2012-03-18. 
  97. ↑ Gilmer, Marcus (November 17, 2012). "The Berrios Family Tree: A Government Payroll Of Its Own". Chicago Sun-Times. Retrieved July 1, 2013. 
  98. ↑ Johnson, Geoffrey (December 2012). "Chicago’s Best and Worst Politicians of 2012; ANGELS AND DEMONS: The political heroes and zeros of 2012". Chicago Magazine. Retrieved December 19, 2012. 
  99. ↑ Mihalopoulos, Dan; Donovan, Lisa (2013-03-18). "Ex-city inspector general hired in Berrios nepotism case". Chicago Sun-Times. Retrieved 2013-03-18. 
  100. ↑ Mihalopoulos, Dan; Donovan, Lisa (March 18, 2013). "Cook County Assessor Joe Berrios also facing a second court fight in dispute over authority". Chicago Sun-Times. Retrieved July 1, 2013. 
  101. ↑ "Claypool is best pick for Cook assessor". Daily Herald. 2010-05-29. Retrieved 2013-09-18. 
  102. ↑ Mihalopoulos, Dan (2010-04-02). "Video Gambling in Bars Holds Promise of Handsome Revenues". The New York Times. Retrieved 2012-09-18. 
  103. ↑ Sullivan, John; Tulsky, Fredric N.; McQuery, Kristen (2012-01-08). "Public Officials Found Helping Clients of Family". The New York Times. Retrieved 2012-09-18. 
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