Josep Lluís Sert
Josep Lluís Sert i López (Catalan pronunciation: [ʒuˈzɛb ʎuˈis ˈsɛrt]) (1902 in Barcelona — March 15, 1983 in Barcelona) was a Catalan architect and city planner.
Biography
Born in Barcelona, he showed keen interest in the works of his painter uncle Josep Maria Sert and of Gaudí. He studied architecture at the Escola Superior d'Arquitectura in Barcelona and set up his own studio in 1929. That same year he shifted to Paris, in response to an invitation from Le Corbusier to work for him (without payment). Returning to Barcelona in 1930, he continued his practice there until 1937. During the 1930s, he co-founded the group GATCPAC (Grup d'Artistes i Tècnics Catalans per al Progrés de l'Arquitectura Contemporània, i.e. Group of Catalan Artists and Technicians for the Progress of Contemporary Architecture), which later became, with the addition of the western and north groups, the GATEPAC (Grupo de Artistas y Técnicos Españoles para el Progreso de l'Arquitectura Contemporánea), which was in turn the Spanish branch of the Congrès International d'Architecture Moderne (CIAM). Some time later, he became President of CIAM (1947–56). He created several outstanding pieces of modern architecture during this period, such as the week-end house at Garraf, Catalonia, Spain (1935), the Central Dispensary of Barcelona (1935) and the Master Plan for the City of Barcelona (1933–35). From 1937 through 1939 he lived in Paris, where he designed the Spanish Republic's pavilion at the World's Fair, the Paris Exposition of 1937. The Spanish Pavilion was built right beside the Nazi Germany Pavilion, while in Spain the Civil War was going on and the Nazis had just bombed the town of Guernica. For the artistic content of the building, Sert called on his Spanish artist friends Picasso, Miró, and Calder; Picasso's contribution was Guernica and became the focal attraction of Sert's design.[2]
Career in the United States
In 1939 Sert went into exile in New York City where he worked with the Town Planning Associates, carrying out numerous urban plans for cities in South America.
In 1952, Sert held a one-year Visiting Professorship at Yale University. The following year he became Dean of the Harvard Graduate School of Design (1953–1969). There, he initiated the world's first degree program in urban design;[3] integrated the programs of architecture, planning, landscape and urban design, and taught many of today's leading architects. During this period he served on the Advisory Board of the newly created Graham Foundation in Chicago, Illinois.
In 1955, Sert founded a studio in Cambridge, Massachusetts, which in 1958 became a partnership with Huson Jackson and Ronald Gourley. Joseph Zalewski was the Associate and continued to be in the firm Sert, Jackson and Associate founded in 1963. The studio designed many well-known projects including the Maeght Foundation (1959–64) in southern France, the Fundació Miró (museum) in Barcelona (1975) and quite a few buildings for Harvard University, including Holyoke Center (1958–65), the Harvard Science Center (1969–72), Peabody Terrace (apartments, 1962–64), and the Center for the Study of World Religions at the Harvard Divinity School. Among other notable buildings in the vicinity are a complex at Boston University including its law school, student union, and main library (1960–65), Sert's home in Cambridge, as well as the Martin Luther King elementary school (1968–71), located across from Peabody Terrace. In New York, he completed the Eastwood and Westview apartments on Roosevelt Island, NYC (1976).
In 1961 Sert brought Le Corbusier to the United States to design his first (and only) building there, the Carpenter Center for the Visual Arts at Harvard, and a gallery in the Carpenter Center is now named in Sert's honor. In 1981 he received the AIA Gold Medal.
The Art World
Josep Lluis Sert counted amongst his close friends the likes of Alexander Calder, Joan Miró, Georges Braque, Mirko Basaldella, and Marc Chagall for who he designed studios and houses. He brought art into the Harvard curriculum through his avid support for the Carpenter Center. His design for the Fondation Maeght, the Fundacion Joan Miró and the Museum School were more than an architect-client relationship, they were partnerships in the discovery of modern art.
Amongst Sert's students and colleagues in his studio are leading and past master architects from the America, Spain, France, Bolivia, and Brazil, including Dolf Schnebli of Switzerland, Fumihiko Maki of Japan, Christopher Charles Benninger of India; and many more.
Major buildings and projects
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- 1930-1931: Apartment Building at 342 Muntaner Street, Barcelona, Spain
- 1933-1934: Joieria J. Roca (currently Tous) at 18, Passeig de Gràcia, Barcelona, Spain
- 1934: Ciutat de Repòs i de Vacances, project, along the Garraf coast south of Barcelona, Spain
- 1933-1935: Dispensari Antituberculós, Barcelona, Spain
- 1932-1936: Casa Bloc, apartment building, Barcelona, Spain
- 1937: Pavilion of the Spanish Republic, Exposition Internationale des Arts et Techniques dans la Vie Moderne, Paris Rebuilt in 1992 in Barcelona, Spain
- 1955: Joan Miró studio (Fundació Pilar i Joan Miró), Palma, Majorca, Spain
- 1955-1961: Embassy of the United States, Baghdad, Iraq (abandoned 1990)[4][5]
- 1957: Sert's home at 64 Francis Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts[6]
- 1958-1965: Holyoke Center, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
- 1959-1964: Fondation Maeght in Saint-Paul de Vence, France
- 1964: The Can Pep Simó Estate in Jesús, Ibiza.
- 1969: Hotel at Cala d'en Serra, Ibiza, Spain (abandoned)
- 1971: Carmel de la Paix in Mazille (Saône-et-Loire), France
- 1973: Harvard Science Center, Harvard University, (Boston), USA
- 1975: Fundació Joan Miró, Barcelona, Spain
Bibliography
- VV.AA., "4 Centenarios: Luis Barragán, Marcel Breuer, Ärne Jacobsen, José Luis Sert", (4 volúmenes), Valladolid, Spain, ISBN 84-8448-199-9, 2002, Universidad de Valladolid, Página Web
References
- ↑ American Institute of Architects, Barcelona's Miró Foundation Captures Twenty-five Year Award: Modern Mediterranean masterpiece stands the tests of time, AIArchitect, February 2002.
- ↑ Public Broadcasting Service (PBS). Guernica...the Spanish Pavilion. Treasures of the World. Accessed 22 December 2007.
- ↑ Josep Lluis Sert: The Architect of Urban Design. Exhibition and symposium announcement. 2003. Accessed 22 December 2007.
- ↑ Isenstadt, Samuel (February 1997). "Faith in a Better Future": Josep Luis Sert's American Embassy in Baghdad". Journal of Architectural Education 50 (3): 172–88. Retrieved 2012-10-16.
- ↑ "U.S. Embassy in Baghdad". WikiArquitectura. 2010-11-24. Retrieved 2012-10-16.
- ↑ 's_House_in_Cambridge "Sert's House in Cambridge". WikiArquitectura. 2011-07-01. Retrieved 2012-10-16. For current ownership data for the house, see: "64 Francis Ave". City of Cambridge, MA. 2012. Retrieved 2012-10-16.