Josefa de Óbidos

Josefa de Obidos
Nativity of Jesus by Josefa de Óbidos, 1669, National Museum of Ancient Art, Lisbon
Birth name	Josefa de Ayala
Born	(1630-02-20)20 February 1630 Seville, Spain
Died	22 July 1684(1684-07-22) (aged 54) Óbidos, Portugal

Josefa de Óbidos (20 February 1630 – 22 July 1684)^[1] was a Spanish-born, Portuguese painter from the seventeenth century. Her birth name was Josefa de Ayala Figueira, but she signed her work as, "Josefa em Óbidos" or, "Josefa de Ayalla". She is one of the relatively few female European painters known to have been active in the Baroque era. All of her work was executed in Portugal, her father's native country, where she lived from the age of four.

Life and work

Josefa de Óbidos was born in Seville, Spain. Her father, Baltazar Gomes Figueira, was a Portuguese painter from the village of Óbidos. He went to Seville in the 1620s to improve his painting technique and, while there, married Catarina de Ayala y Cabrera, a native Andalusian, who would become the mother of Josefa. The family returned to Portugal in 1634. They first settled in Peniche, where Baltazar continued his work as a painter.

It is known that by 1644, at the age of fourteen, Josefa was in Coimbra in the Convent of The Grace (Convento da Graça), where her father painted the main altarpiece of the church.

Josefa's first known works are engravings, executed in 1646.They demonstrate that she had achieved a high degree of skill by the age of sixteen. Sometime before 1653, she and her family left Coimbra and settled in Óbidos.^[2]

While in Óbidos, she drew an allegory of Wisdom for the Book of Rules of the University of Coimbra, which was being decorated by her father. Highly esteemed as a painter by that time, her father Baltazar is considered to be the main influence upon her. He possessed a great number of engravings among his collection that made Josefa familiar with the art of her time.

During the decades that followed, Josefa executed several religious altarpieces for churches and convents in central Portugal, as well as, paintings of portraits and still-life for private customers. Among her chief religious works are the five panels for the Saint Catherine altarpiece of the Church of the Holy Mary (Santa Maria) in Óbidos, in 1661. During 1672-1673 she painted the altarpiece of Saint Theresa of Ávila for the Carmelite Convent of Cascais. In 1679 she completed an altarpiece for the Church of the Mercy of Peniche. Her best known portrait is that of Faustino das Neves, dated c.1670, which is in the Municipal Museum of Óbidos.

Many of her still-life paintings, considered her specialty, are among other works by her that are now in the National Museum of Ancient Art in Lisbon. Her work appears in several other museums and as well as in private collections.

Josefa de Óbidos died in Óbidos and was buried in the Church of Saint Peter of Óbidos. She is considered to be one of the most accomplished painters of seventeenth century Portugal and is especially significant because of the recognition she gained among the Baroque painters, an art period which was dominated by male painters.

Notes

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Josefa de Óbidos.

References

• De Óbidos, Josefa; National Museum of Women in the Arts (1997). The Sacred and the Profane: Josefa de Óbidos of Portugal. Ministério da Cultura, Gabinete das Relações Internacionais. ISBN 9789727580057.  Cite uses deprecated parameters (help)

External links

• Six Centuries of Portuguese Painting website. Enter by clicking upon the image, select the indice alfabetico on the menu to the left and look under J, for "Josefa de Óbidos (1630-1684)" which provides a link to a selection of her paintings
• Article by critic Vítor Serrão about the work of Josefa de Óbidos (in Portuguese)

Persondata
Name	Obidos, Josefa de
Alternative names	Josefa de Ayala Figueira
Short description	Spanish artist
Date of birth	20 February 1630
Place of birth	Seville, Spain
Date of death	22 July 1684
Place of death	Óbidos, Portugal