John Alan

Sir John Alan, or Alen ( c.1500–1561 ) was a leading statesman in sixteenth century Ireland. He held the offices of Master of the Rolls in Ireland, Chancellor of the Exchequer of Ireland and Lord Chancellor of Ireland.

Family

He was born at Coltishall in Norfolk, son of Thomas Alen. The Alens were a numerous family and five of his brothers settled in Ireland. John Alen, Archbishop of Dublin, murdered in the Silken Thomas rebellion, was a close relative, probably a first cousin.^[1]

Early career

Alen studied law at Gray's Inn and entered the service of Cardinal Wolsey who sent him to Ireland in 1528 to promote the Cardinal's authority as legate and to act as secretary to his cousin the Archbishop, with whom he may have quarrelled.^[2] Neither Wolsey's downfall nor the retirement of the Archbishop from the Lord Chancellorship harmed his career: he became clerk to the Irish Parliament, Chancellor of the Exchequer of Ireland (which he held for life) and in 1533 Master of the Rolls in Ireland.

Silken Thomas

In 1533 Alen and Sir Gerald Aylmer, with whom he was always closely associated, presented a petition to the Crown about the misgovernment of Ireland by Gerald FitzGerald, 9th Earl of Kildare and his son Silken Thomas. Just before the outbreak of Silken Thomas' Rebellion, Alen and his brothers sent an urgent letter to London urging Thomas' arrest.^[3] While the murder of their cousin the Archbishop was the most notorious act of the rebellion neither Alen nor his brothers seem to have suffered. Though by his own admission he was "not a soldier" he played a part in suppressing the rebellion.^[4]

Dissolution of the Monasteries

In 1539 Alen was appointed head of the commission for the Dissolution of the Monasteries in Ireland with instructions to receive voluntary resignations and surrenders and provide for the payment of pensions, but to "apprehend and punish" all who maintained Papal authority. Alen had already received his reward: St. Wolstan's, near Celbridge, County Kildare, had been suppressed in 1536 and granted to Alen. The Alens remained at St. Wolstan's for two centuries.

Lord Chancellor, removal and return

In 1538, on the death of John Barnewall, 3rd Baron Trimlestown, Alen became Lord Keeper and subsequently Lord Chancellor. Even his enemies acknowledged that he was a hardworking and conscientious judge. However he quarrelled with the Lord Deputy of Ireland, Sir Anthony St. Leger, who wrote to London complaining of Alen's conduct. Alen was summoned before the English Privy Council and accused of corruption and promoting discord. Alen strongly defended himself, saying he was the "cleanest-handed Chancellor in the memory of man";^[5] but the charges were upheld and he was removed from office. Whether he was guilty of corruption or simply the victim of St. Leger's enmity it is difficult to say. He was accused by Walter Cowley, the Principal Solicitor for Ireland, who was generally regarded as his tool, of inducing Cowley to write the "Gowran letter" where St. Leger was accused of deliberately endangering the life of James Butler, 9th Earl of Ormond: Cowley certainly wrote the letter but whether Alan had any part in it is unclear. He was deprived of his pension; yet a year later the Council ordered the restoration of all his property.^[6]

In 1548 Alen regained the Chancellorship; but on St. Leger's return to power in 1550 felt it best to retire, despite assurances of the King's goodwill. Given the enmity between them, O'Flanagan^[7] praises Alen's magnanimous conduct towards St. Leger: when Archbishop Browne charged St. Leger with treasonable words, he gave Alen as his source. Alen however refused to repeat St. Leger's words on the grounds that they had been spoken in confidence.

Last years

In 1553 on the death of Edward VI his sister Mary I reappointed Alen to the Privy Council of Ireland. Her letter to the Council is a tribute to the high regard in which he was held: it praises him for his "trusty functions" under Henry VIII and Edward, and his "long experience and travail in public affairs".^[8] On a more personal note it refers to his age and infirmity and urges that he not be required to undertake any long journeys. Despite the reference to his age and infirmity, Ball^[9] notes that he was elected to the Irish House of Commons for Kinsale in 1559.

Death and descendants

Alen died at St. Wolstan's in 1561 and was buried at Donoghcomper Church; a memorial was erected to him and an Alen family vault was later added. His heir John Alen is variously described as his son or his nephew. This John was the grandfather of Sir Thomas Alen, 1st Baronet, created a baronet in 1621 in recognition of the services to the Crown of his relative the Archbishop.^[10]

King's Inns

Alen is closely associated with the foundation of the King's Inns in 1541. Although it was Patrick Barnewall, a future Master of the Rolls, who first wrote to Thomas Cromwell in 1538 urging that the former Blackfriars become a "House of Chancery",^[11] the lease for 21 years granted by Henry VIII in 1541 has Alen at the head of the list of lessees; and in 1542 his name is on the petition to the King urging the grant of the property to the lessees in perpetuity.^[12]

Character

O'Flanagan^[13] praises him as an honest and honourable man, notes the high opinion of him held by three successive English monarchs and that he was capable of magnanimous behaviour even to bitter opponents. Ball^[14] admits his good qualities, but adds that he was quarrelsome and undiplomatic, and not free from the suspicion of corruption.

References