Joe Yamanaka

Joe Yamanaka
Yamanaka with Flower Travellin' Band in New York City in 2008.
Background information
Birth name	Akira Yamanaka
Also known as	Joe, Akira Joh (城アキラ)
Born	(1946-09-02)September 2, 1946
Origin	Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
Died	August 7, 2011(2011-08-07) (aged 64) Yokosuka
Genres	Reggae, rock, psychedelic rock, group sounds
Occupations	Singer, musician, composer, actor, boxer
Instruments	Vocals, guitar
Years active	1966–2011
Associated acts	Flower Travellin' Band, The Wailers, 4.9.1
Website	www.joe-yamanaka.com

Akira Yamanaka (山中 明, Yamanaka Akira, September 2, 1946 – August 7, 2011), better known as Joe Yamanaka (ジョー山中), was a Japanese singer and actor.^[1] He is known for both his work with Flower Travellin' Band and as a solo musician; singing at a vocal range of three octaves. As an actor he appeared in many television shows and movies, such as Takashi Miike's Deadly Outlaw: Rekka and the 1989 version of Zatoichi.^[2][3]

He is also recognized for 20 years of charity and volunteer work with the Japan International Cooperation Agency and flew around the world helping those in poor or war-torn conditions; visiting more than 30 countries including Afghanistan, Myanmar, Bosnia, numerous sovereign states in Africa, China, Ukraine (including Chernobyl), North Korea, Vietnam, Iraq, and Brazil. While doing aid work in Jamaica, he met local musicians and later became involved in reggae music. His aid work was a personal inspiration to help those who were growing up in similar conditions that he had experienced as a child.

Biography

Akira Yamanaka was born in Yokohama, Japan, on September 2, 1946. He grew up in a family of seven children, though the only one of mixed descent as his father was a US Army soldier of Caribbean descent.^[4] In his autobiography, he mentions that he never met his biological father and that he came from a poor family in ruined Yokohama; being born in a brothel as his mother was a prostitute for the Recreation and Amusement Association. The only knowledge of his father was that he was a US soldier from either Cuba or Jamaica. Joe grew up in an orphanage after his mother and stepfather died. During an interview with Mainichi Shimbun, Akira stated that he was born with tuberculosis and that he never really thought about his biological father, believing those who raise you are your real parents.^[5]

He left the orphanage at the age of 16 and became a boxer (inspired by his childhood idol Hiroyuki Ebihara) to earn money, he then met his lifelong friend Rikiya Yasuoka, who was a kickboxer of Japanese-Sicilian heritage. Yamanaka mentions that he adopted the English name Joe because it is the English pronunciation of his favorite painter, Keito Joh; with Joh meaning castle in Japanese. As a teenage boxer, he used the ring name Akira Joh (城アキラ).^[5] Joe and Rikiya decided to become actors and starred in the 1963 Japanese film Bicycle Thieves. Yamanaka's career changed once again, though he would continue to act until his death, when he met another lifelong friend, Johnny Yoshinaga, who persuaded him to become a musician. In 1966, he became a member of the group sounds band 4.9.1.^[4] Four years later he joined Flower Travellin' Band, who were formed by Yuya Uchida. They went on to become successful, particularly in Canada where they lived for a while, and are now considered a pioneering and influential Japanese band.^[6]

In his acting career he was known as one of the three "real tough guys" in Japanese cinema, along with Tsunehiko Watase and Jerry Fujio. The trio were known for being good-natured, but with a rebellious past and noted fighting prowess. In his autobiography, Akira recounts the times during his youth when he was involved in violent fights. After a large brawl with members of the Zenkyoto in Hibiya Park in which he almost killed a man, the resulting police raid led him to an epiphany that "violence leads to nothing."^[5] Yamanaka starred as himself in the Hollywood action movie Ulterior Motives featuring Thomas Ian Griffith and Ellen Crawford,^[7] Three of Joe's songs were used in the film.

After Flower Travellin' Band disbanded in 1973, Joe started a solo career the following year. His most well-known song is "Proof of the Man" (人間の証明), which sold more than half a million copies,^[1] and is a household name throughout Asia. It is the theme song and namesake of the 1977 film Proof of the Man,^[4] which is based on a novel by Seiichi Morimura about war babies. Joe also has a small acting role in the film as a half Japanese, half African-American who is murdered, which the film is based around. In Chinese speaking countries the song is called "Old Straw Hat", taken from lyrics in the song. That same year, he was arrested on suspicion of violating the cannabis Control Act.

He was close friends with numerous celebrities including Mickey Curtis and Yoko Ono. Joe recorded the entrance theme for Shinji Takehara titled "Hot Vibration" and composed the song "Sorrow of Florence" (哀しみのフローレンス) with his friend Amália Rodrigues. He later became the lead singer of The Wailers for around five years after his friend Bob Marley died.^[7]

In 2007, Flower Travellin' Band reunited and released an album the following year. They performed several concerts, including internationally in the US and Canada. In March 2010, it was announced that Joe was diagnosed with lung cancer,^[3][8] which he learned in February.^[9] On September 6, his house was burned down after an accident during a barbecue.^[4] In March of the following year Yamanaka participated in fundraising for relief from the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami,^[9] and performed his last concert on May 5.^[1] He suffered cardiac arrest in late July.^[9][4] Joe died from his cancer on August 7, 2011 at 6:56 am,^[1] less than a month before his 65th birthday.^[3][8]

Selected discography

Solo

Cover of Japanesque with Akira Ito and Hideki Ishima.

• 1974 - ＪＯＥ
• 1975 - The Times
• 1977 - 新しい世界へ - TO THE NEW WORLD
• 1977 - 草帽歌
• 1978 - JOE
• 1978 - 武道館ライブ
• 1979 - GOIN' HOME
• 1980 - Joe '70s
• 1981 - 魂
• 1986 - 20th　ANNIVERSARY
• 1991 - LOVE IS AN ART
• 1996 - ３オクターブの証明
• 1999 - REGGAE HISTORY
• 2001 - W's
• 2005 - 究極のベスト！　ジョー山中 (Best of)
• 2006 - Mr. Rally - stupid philosopher
• 2009 - Reggae Vibration IV

Collaborative

• 1982 - Reggae Vibration (with The Wailers)
• 1983 - Reggae Vibration II (with The Wailers)
• 1984 - Reggae Vibration III (with The Wailers)
• 1984 - Japanesque (with Akira Ito and Hideki Ishima)

References

External links

• Official website