Jock Colville

Sir John Rupert "Jock" Colville, CB, CVO (28 January 1915 – 19 November 1987), was a British civil servant. He is best known for his diaries, which provide an intimate view of number 10 Downing Street during the wartime Prime Ministership of Winston Churchill.

Family background

Colville came from a politically active and well connected family, although, as he stated in the introduction to his published diaries, he was the younger son of a younger son and so did not inherit family wealth.

His father was the Hon. George Charles Colville, and earned his living as the secretary of the Institute of Chartered Accountants. He was the younger son of Charles Colville, 1st Viscount Colville of Culross, a Conservative politician who served as Master of the Buckhounds and Tory Chief Whip.

His mother was Lady Cynthia, courtier and social worker. She was the daughter of Robert Crewe-Milnes, 1st Marquess of Crewe,^[1] by his first wife, the former Sibyl Graham, daughter of the Graham Baronets of Netherby. Colville never knew this grandmother, who died young; his grandfather, a Liberal Cabinet minister, re-married, choosing Margaret (Peggy) Primrose, daughter of Lord Rosebery, Liberal Prime Minister in 1894-1895, and his wife Hannah, heiress to the Rothschild fortune. (Indeed, Lionel Nathan de Rothschild was a close friend of Colvilles.) Lady Cynthia, in addition to her duties as a Woman of the Bedchamber to Queen Mary, devoted her energies to alleviating the suffering of Shoreditch, one of the poorest areas of the East End of London.

Jock Colville had two elder brothers, David Richard (b. 11 May 1909 - d. 9 February 1987) and Major Philip Robert Colville (b. 7 November 1910 - d. 11 April 1997). Colville's first cousin and schoolmate was Terence O'Neill, later Prime Minister of Northern Ireland from 1964-1969. Other relatives included O'Neill's successor James Chichester-Clark, and Colville's aunt Mary Innes-Ker, Duchess of Roxburghe.

Early life and education

Colville served alongside Harry Legge-Bourke as a Page of Honour between 1927 and 1931, thanks to his mother's connections as attendant to the queen. She also ensured he saw the other side of life, by taking him to the infant welfare centre she ran in Shoreditch.^[2] He was educated at West Downs School, Winchester, Harrow and Trinity College, Cambridge.^[1] In preparation for a career in the diplomatic service, he twice spent a few months in the Black Forest to improve his German. The first time in the village of Marxzell was just before university in 1933, and the second was just after in 1937. He thus saw the very beginning of Hitler's Chancellorship, and its effects once it had bedded in: "There was increasing Strength matched by diminishing Joy".^[3]

Public Life

Colville was Assistant Private Secretary to three Prime Ministers:

• Neville Chamberlain, 1939–40,
• Winston Churchill, 1940–41 and 1943–45, (and Joint Principal Private Secretary, 1951–55),
• Clement Attlee, 1945

Diaries

Colville kept a diary from 1939–1957, parts of which have been published (The Fringes of Power: 10 Downing Street Diaries 1939–1955). The original diaries^[4] are held at the Churchill Archives Centre, Cambridge University and, with the exception of the final volume, are open to the public.^[5]

Churchill was, as appears from the diaries, fond of Colville, and, from reading the published diaries, it is apparent that Colville was close to the rest of the Churchill family. When Churchill was ill with pneumonia, it was Colville who was summoned from his brief stint of active service in the RAF to accompany Clementine Churchill on an aeroplane to Egypt to visit him, although it was clear on their arrival that Churchill's life was not in danger. Typical of the badinage between Churchill and his private secretary is the exchange when Churchill asks Colville, immediately before Colville's departure for RAF service in 1941, his age. On being told, Churchill pointed out that, at 26, Napoleon was commanding the armies of Italy. Colville replied that the Younger Pitt was Prime Minister at the age of 24.

The diaries record many conversations between Churchill and his political and military colleagues, as well as his private thoughts. They illustrate the contrast between the "atmosphere of rush" about Churchill, as compared with the shorter hours and reduced energy levels associated with his predecessor Chamberlain, whom Colville had also served. Commentaries in the diaries show how, even when beset by disasters in the early days of his premiership, Churchill was still able to raise the spirits of those around him, with his sense of purpose and his sense of humour. They reveal that much of Churchill's correspondence (although none of his speeches) was drafted by Colville and others in their imitations of Churchill's distinctive style, albeit subject to his approval. The diaries also cover Churchill's peacetime premiership and his regularly deferred retirement, and note that, when Churchill did finally retire, Colville found him sitting on his bed at 10 Downing Street saying (of his successor, Eden) "I don't think Anthony can do it!".^[6]

Career as pilot

Colville served in World War II as a pilot in the Royal Air Force Volunteer Reserve (RAFVR), 1941-44.^[7]

Later public career

He served as Private Secretary to the then Princess Elizabeth, 1947–49 and was Joint Principal Private Secretary to the Prime Minister, Winston Churchill, 1951–55.^[8]

He was an Executive Director of Hill Samuel Ltd, 1955-80. Colville was instrumental in raising funding for the establishment of Churchill College as a national memorial to Winston Churchill and was made an Honorary Fellow of Churchill College, Cambridge, in 1971. ^{[citation needed]} He was joint honorary secretary of the Other Club for many years. Colville was a Trustee of both Sir Winston and Lady Churchill's estates. At various times in his life he was Company Director of the Provident Life Association, the London Committee, the Ottoman Bank, and Eucalyptus Pulp Mills Ltd.

Bibliography

Colville wrote or contributed to a number of books including:

• Fools' Pleasure, 1935
• Action This Day-Working with Churchill, 1968
• Man of Valour: Field Marshal Lord Gort V.C., 1972
• Footprints in Time, 1976
• The New Elizabethans, 1977
• The Portrait of a General, 1980
• The Churchillians, 1981
• Strange Inheritance, 1983
• The Fringes of Power: 10 Downing Street Diaries 1939–1955, 1985
• Those Lambtons!, 1988 (released posthumously)

Family

In 1948 Colville married Lady Margaret Egerton, daughter of John Egerton, 4th Earl of Ellesmere, who served as a Lady-in-Waiting to Queen Elizabeth II and Queen Elizabeth the Queen Mother.^[9]

The Colvilles had two sons and one daughter, and lived in Hampshire. Their daughter, Elizabeth, was a god-daughter of Queen Elizabeth II.^[10]

Honours

Colville was knighted in 1974, having previously been awarded the CB in 1955, and the CVO in 1949. He died in November 1987, aged 72.

Legacy

The Jock Colville Hall at Churchill College, Cambridge, which is adjoined to the Churchill Archives Centre, is named in his honour.

References