Jo Grimond

Joseph Grimond, Baron Grimond, CH, CBE, TD, PC (29 July 1913 – 24 October 1993), known as Jo Grimond, was a British politician, leader of the Liberal Party from 1956 to 1967 and again briefly on an interim basis in 1976.

Jo Grimond was a long-term supporter of Scottish home rule and it was due to his leadership that the party supported the abolition of Britain's nuclear arsenal.^[1]

Early life

Grimond's birthplace

Grimond was born in St Andrews, Fife, and educated at Eton College and Balliol College, Oxford. He was at school and university with, among others, the cricket commentator Brian Johnston and playwright William Douglas-Home. He received a first class honours degree in Politics, Philosophy and Economics. He became a barrister.

Member of Parliament

After serving as a major in World War II, he was selected by the Liberal Party to fight Orkney and Shetland, the most northerly constituency in the United Kingdom. He narrowly missed capturing the seat in 1945 but entered Parliament in the 1950 general election and continued to represent the constituency until he retired from politics in 1983. He regularly polled more than 60% of the votes cast in the northern Scottish archipelago.

Leader of the Liberal Party

The party Grimond inherited from former leader Clement Davies had commanded barely 2.5% of the vote at the general election of 1955. Grimond proved to be a man of considerable personal charm and intelligence, with substantial gifts as public speaker and as an author. Widely respected as well as trusted, he ensured that by the time he left the leadership in 1967, the Liberals had once again become a notable political force. ^{[citation needed]} It was during his tenure that the first post-war Liberal revival took place: under Grimond the Liberals doubled their seats and won historic by-elections at Torrington in 1958 (the first by-election gain by the Liberal Party for 29 years), Orpington in 1962, and Roxburgh, Selkirk and Peebles in 1965. He drew many young aspiring politicians into the party, including John Pardoe, David Steel and Paddy Ashdown. He appealed to all wings of the party and was especially popular with the Young Liberals. In 1967, having led the party through three general elections, he made way for a younger, more dynamic leader, Jeremy Thorpe. In 1976, when Thorpe was forced to resign because of a scandal, Grimond stepped in as caretaker leader until the election of a replacement, David Steel.^[2]

Among other posts, Grimond was a barrister and publisher in the 1930s, an army major during World War II, Secretary of the National Trust for Scotland from 1947 to 1949, and held the Rectorships of the University of Edinburgh and the University of Aberdeen and the Chancellorship of the University of Kent at Canterbury (elected in 1970). His many books include The Liberal Future (1959, credited with reinvigorating radical liberalism as a coherent modern ideology), The Liberal Challenge (1963), and Memoirs (1979). ^{[citation needed]}

Retirement and death

On leaving the Commons, he was created a life peer as Baron Grimond, of Firth in the County of Orkney on 12 October 1983.^[3] He remained devoted to his former parliamentary constituency, and was buried on Orkney.

Marriage and children

In 1938 he married Laura Bonham Carter (1918-1994), the sister of another life peer Mark Bonham Carter who had been the victor of the 1958 by-election at Torrington (1922-1994) the daughter of a life peeress Violet Bonham Carter (1887-1969) and granddaughter of the hereditary peer of the first creation, Herbert Henry Asquith (H. H. Asquith).

The couple had four children:

• (Joseph) Andrew Grimond (26 March 1939 – 23 March 1966),^[4] a sub-editor of The Scotsman, lived in Edinburgh until his suicide at the age of 26.
• Grizelda "Gelda" (Jane) Grimond (born 1942), who had a daughter Katherine (b. 1973) by the film and stage director Tony Richardson.
• John (Jasper) Grimond (born October 1946), a former foreign editor of The Economist as Johnny Grimond - now writer at large for the publication - who in 1973 married Kate Fleming (b. 1946), elder daughter of the writer Peter Fleming and actress Celia Johnson, and has three children with her. He is the main author of The Economist Style Guide^[5] (For more details, see under Peter Fleming).
• (Thomas) Magnus Grimond (born 13 June 1959),^[6] journalist and financial correspondent, married to travel author Laura Grimond (née Raison), and has four children.

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Writings

• The Liberal Future (Faber and Faber, London, 1959)
• The Liberal Challenge (Hollis and Carter, London, 1963)
• The Referendum (with Brian Nevel; Rex Collings, London, 1975)
• The Common Welfare (Temple Smith, London, 1978)
• Memoirs (Heinemann, London, 1979)
• A Personal Manifesto (Martin Robertson, Oxford, 1983)
• The St. Andrews of Jo Grimond (Alan Sutton, St. Andrew's, 1992)

Grimond was also a prolific writer of pamphlets: see the McManus biography (below) for a complete list of publications.

References

Further reading

Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Jo Grimond

• Peter Barberis, Liberal Lion: Jo Grimond, A Political Life (I.B. Tauris, London, 2005)
• Michael McManus, Jo Grimond: Towards the Sound of Gunfire (Birlinn, Edinburgh, 2001)

Sources

• Hansard 1803–2005: contributions in Parliament by Jo Grimond
• Jo Grimond (Lord Grimond) 1913–93 biography from the Liberal Democrat History Group