Jiamusi

Jiamusi 佳木斯 Prefecture-level city 佳木斯市 Jiamusi (red) in Heilongjiang (orange) Jiamusi Location of the city centre in Heilongjiang Coordinates: 46°48′N 130°19′E / 46.800°N 130.317°E / 46.800; 130.317 Country People's Republic of China Province Heilongjiang County-level divisions 10 Government  • Type Prefecture-level city  • Mayor Sun Zhe (孙喆)[1]  • CPC Municipal Committee Secretary Wang Zhaoli (王兆力)[2] Area  • Prefecture-level city 31,528 km2 (12,173 sq mi)  • Urban 883 km2 (341 sq mi)  • Metro 883 km2 (341 sq mi) Elevation 83 m (271 ft) Population (2010 census)[3]  • Prefecture-level city 2,552,097  • Density 81/km2 (210/sq mi)  • Urban 850,750  • Urban density 960/km2 (2,500/sq mi)  • Metro 850,750  • Metro density 960/km2 (2,500/sq mi) Time zone China Standard (UTC+8) Postal code 154000 Area code(s) 0454 Licence plates 黑D ISO 3166-2 cn-23-08 Website jms.gov.cn Jiamusi Chinese name Chinese 佳木斯 Postal Map Kiamusze Transcriptions Mandarin Hanyu Pinyin Jiāmùsī Manchu name Manchu script ᡤᡳᠶᠠᠮᡠᠰᡳ Russian name Russian Цзямусы

Jiamusi (Manchu: Giyamusi ᡤᡳᠶᠠᠮᡠᠰᡳ; Chinese: 佳木斯; pinyin: Jiāmùsī; formerly Kiamusze) is a prefecture-level city in eastern Heilongjiang province, People's Republic of China. Located along the middle and lower reaches of the Songhua River, it faces Russia's Khabarovsk Krai across the Ussuri River and the Amur River. In 2007 Jiamusi had a GDP of RMB 34.1 billion with a 14.3% growth rate. Its population is 2,552,097 at the 2010 census whom 850,750 live in the built up area made of 4 urban districts.^[3]

History

Early History

In 1720, Jiamusi was first named Giyamusi (甲母克寺噶珊，嘉木寺) during the Kangxi period by the Nanai people.^[4] The word Giyamusi originally means Inn in Manchu Language. Because of the harsh climate and short growing season, the region of today's Jiamusi City was largely uncultivated .

Since the Qing government opened Manchuria for farming in order to prevent the conquest of the area by Russia, Jiamusi developed as a small trading post under the name Dongxing (東興鎮) since 1888.^[4] When Han Chinese and Manchu settlers began to move into the area, Jiamusi became the seat of a county administration, under the name Huachuan in 1910. However,the county seat was moved to Haoli (Hegang), which is about 30 miles to the north, after several destructive floods. After Xinhai Revolution, as the Han Chinese went on moving in, the population of Jiamusi raised very rapidly. Jiamusi continued to grow as a commercial center. As Jiamusi has become the largest harbor along the lower riches of Songhua River, a road system was constructed in order to provide convenient transport linking Jiamusi to several other important strongholds in Northeastern China including Harbin and Nancha.

Japanese Occupation Period

Government office of Sanjiang Province

As the Japanese invasion of Manchuria began, Jiamusi was established as an administrative centre of the puppet Manchukuo government. Going by the name Kiamusze, Jiamusi was also the capital of Sanjiang province. Jiamusi was regarded as an important military strongpoint to defend the Soviet Red Army's possible invasion. In 1937, the City of Jiamusi was established. It also became a major military base. Many settlers came into the area, not only from China but also from Korea and Japan, including the Development Group of Manchuria and Mongolia. ^[5] After the construction of and Tumen-Jiamusi and Suihua-Jiamusi Railway continuously completed in 1937 and 1940, Jiamusi has become an agricultural products distribution center in northeastern Manchuria.^[6]

People's Republic

After 1949, as Jiamusi was still the transport and communications center of this region, the rapid development of Jiamusi continued. Industries including manufacturing agricultural equipment, mining machinery, fertilizers, plastics, and chemicals were developed. Since one of the biggest paper mills in China was built in 1957, Jiamusi has been a major producer of wood pulp and newsprint. Because of being conveniently connected by air and water to Khabarovsk in the Russian Far East, Jiamusi is also an important harbour for international trade in northeastern China.^[7]

Geography

Jiamusi is located in eastern Heilongjiang province. Located at latitude 45° 56′−48° 28′ N and longitude 129° 29′−135° 05' E, containing China' easternmost point, although the urban area of Shuangyashan lies further to the east of Jiamusi. Neighbouring prefectures are:

• Harbin (W)
• Hegang (N)
• Qitaihe (S)
• Shuangyashan (E)
• Yichun (W)

It also borders Russia's Khabarovsk Krai to the east. The average elevation in the prefecture is 85 metres (279 ft), with the terrain primarily consisting of plains. The total area of the prefecture is 31,258 square kilometres (12,069 sq mi). The confluence of the Amur, Songhua and Ussuri River meet in the east of the city. The Sanjiang Plain came into being because of the alluvion of these three large rivers.

Climate

Jiamusi has a monsoon-influenced humid continental climate (Köppen Dwa), with long, bitter, but dry winters, and humid and very warm summers. The monthly 24-hour average temperature ranges from −18.5 °C (−1.3 °F) in January to 22.5 °C (72.5 °F) in July, while the annual mean is 3.62 °C (38.5 °F), and more than 60% of the year's precipitation occurs from June to August. The frost-free period is about 130 days per year, while mean annual precipitation is about 517 mm (20.4 in). Typically, the ground freezes to a depth of 1.2 m (3 ft 11 in), beginning to freeze in late November and beginning to thaw in late March. Extreme temperatures have ranged from −41.1°C to 38.1 °C.^[8]

Subdivisions

On July 26, 2006 Yonghong District (永红区) was merged into Jiao District (郊区)

#	Name	Hanzi	Hanyu Pinyin	Population (2010 est.)	Area (km²)	Density (/km²)
1	Qianjin District	前进区	Qiánjìn Qū	171,530	14	11,429
2	Xiangyang District	向阳区	Xiàngyáng Qū	233,855	24	4,167
3	Dongfeng District	东风区	Dōngfēng Qū	161,740	53	1,887
4	Jiao District	郊区	Jiāo Qū	314,586	792	593
5	Tongjiang City	同江市	Tóngjiāng Shì	179,791	6,252	27
6	Fujin City	富锦市	Fùjǐn Shì	437,165	8,227	55
7	Huanan County	桦南县	Huànán Xiàn	468,698	4,416	100
8	Huachuan County	桦川县	Huàchuān Xiàn	202,827	2,260	97
9	Tangyuan County	汤原县	Tāngyuán Xiàn	255,211	3,230	84
10	Fuyuan County	抚远县	Fǔyuǎn Xiàn	126,694	6,260	18

Economy

Jiamusi has long been a major transit port and distribution center of goods, and serves as the economic hub of eastern Heilongjiang province. In 2011, Jiamusi's GDP paced up to RMB 62.53 billion representing a steady growth of 14.2% from a year earlier.^[9]

Jiamusi is an agricultural production hub in Heilongjiang Province. Value-added output from the agricultural sector increased 14.2% to RMB 18.92 billion in 2011. Crop production of the city rose 26.8% to 7.3 million tons. In 2011, gross industrial output from enterprises with designated size or above of the city surpassed RMB 39.34 billion, increased 35.5% year on year. Gross output from heavy industry amounted to RMB 22.77 billion, increasing by 38.7% compared with a year ago, while that from light industry reached RMB 16.57 billion, surging 31.4% from the previous year. Heavy industry and light industry made up 64% and 36% of the city's total gross industrial output.

Electricity production and supply, construction materials, chemicals and agricultural products processing are the pillar industries in the city. Major industrial products in the city include cement, edible oils, fertilizer and feed. The industrial sector in Jiamusi is relatively weak compared with other cities in Heilongjiang such as Harbin and Daqing. In 2011, the service sector became the largest contributor of the city, which gained value-added output of RMB 26.99 billion. This contributes 43.2% to Jiamusi's economy. With the consumer market being very active, sales of consumer goods in Jiamusi amounted to RMB 24.55 billion in 2011, rising 18.2% year on year.

Foreign trade value increased 19.6% to RMB 3.65 billion in 2011. Export value was US$3.01 billion, representing a rise of 6.1% over the previous year. while import value stood at US$640 million, increased 197.5% year on year. Russia is Jamusi’s largest foreign trade partner. In 2011, foreign trade with Russia amounted to US$900 million, increased 24.5% over the previous year, accounting for 24.66% of the city’s foreign trade. The utilized FDI in Jiamusi hit US$150 million in 2011, increased 33.5% over the previous year.^[4]

Transportation

Railway

Jiamusi is a transportation hub in northeast Heilongjiang Province. Suijia(Suihua-Jiamusi) Railway and Tujia(Tumen-Jiamusi) Railway meet here. Trains from Jiamusi Railway Station connect the city with Beijing, Jinan, Dalian, Harbin, Tianjin and several other cities in China.

Highway

Served by the Jiamusi-Harbin Highway and the G11 Hegang-Dalian Expressway, as along with 6 other highways, a comprehensive highway network is formed in Jiamusi.

Air

Jiamusi Airport is 9 km (5.6 mi) east of the city center, which offers domestic flights to Harbin, Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou.^[10]

Ports and Waterways

First built in 1919, Jiamusi Port is a major port along the downstream of Songhua River. The port was expanded in 1937 and became a Steel-structured-port. However, The annual throughput of the port was less than 120 thousand tons per year until PRC's foundation in 1949. Now the annual throuput was about 1 million tons per year.^[8] Available from mid-April until the beginning of November, passenger ships sail from Jiamusi up the Songhua River to Qiqihar, Harbin or downstream to Tongjiang and Khabarovsk in Russia.

Higher education

Jiamusi is home to Jiamusi University.

Twin towns

Domestic

• Kunshan, Jiangsu
• Zhangzhou, Fujian

International

• Nirasaki, Yamanashi Prefecture, Japan
• Komsomolsk-on-Amur, Khabarovsk Krai, Russia
• Shoalhaven, New South Wales, Australia

References

External links

• Jiamusi Network
• Jiamusi City Government

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