Jeongjong of Joseon

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Jeongjong of Joseon
King of Joseon
Reign September 1398 – November 13, 1400
Born (1357-07-01)July 1, 1357
Died September 26, 1419(1419-09-26) (aged 62)
Predecessor Taejo of Joseon
Successor Taejong of Joseon
Consort Queen Jeongan
Royal House House of Yi
Father Taejo of Joseon
Mother Queen Shinui
Jeongjong of Joseon
Hangul 정종
Hanja 定宗
Revised Romanization Jeongjong
McCune–Reischauer Chŏngjong
Birth name
Hangul 이방과
Hanja 李芳果
Revised Romanization I Bang-gwa
McCune–Reischauer I Panggwa

Jeongjong of Joseon (1357–1419), born Yi Bang-gwa, whose changed name is Yi Gyeong, was the second king of Joseon (or Chosun) Dynasty (1399–1910). He was the second son of the founder and first king of the dynasty, King Taejo of Joseon.

Born in 1357 as Yi Bang-Gwa, he was a prudent, generous, brave, and able military officer. During the latter days of the declining Goryeo Dynasty, Jeongjong followed his father, Yi Seonggye, to various battlefronts and fought at his side. As his father became king in 1392, he became prince.

King Taejo had two wives—the first one, who gave birth to six of the king's sons including Jeongjong, died before King Taejo was crowned. Taejo had second wife, who had 2 sons from him. The king favored his youngest son, whose mother was Taejo's second wife. Prime Minister Jeong Dojeon also backed him as the successor to the throne, causing much disappointment from other princes. In 1398, King Taejo's fifth son, Yi Bang-won, who later would be King Taejong of Joseon, led a coup along with many military officers and killed his two brothers, Prime Minister Jeong, and many of his faction. Yi Bang-won first tried to show that he was not intended to take the throne, so he gave a push to his older brother Jeongjong (who was also the oldest then), to be a crown prince. King Taejo was upset and abdicated in disgust, and Jeongjong became king in the following year, 1399. The same year he moved the capital back to Gaegyeong, the old Goryeo capital.

In 1400, a conflict broke out between Yi Bang-won and his older brother, Yi Bang-gan. Yi Bang-won's force attacked and defeated Bang-gan's army, and Bang-gan was sent into exile along with his family. General Bak Bo, who persuaded Bang-gan to fight against Bangwon, was executed. King Jeongjong, knowing the acting king of the kingdom was his younger brother Bangwon, appointed him as a crown prince, and abdicated a few days later.

He was an able, wise administrator even though his short reign was marked by bloodshed within the royal family. He banned all kinds of private troops on the advice of Crown Prince Bangwon. He died in 1419, and was buried near Kaeseong.

Genealogy

Ancestors

Family

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Joseon Dynasty
  1. Taejo 1392–1398
  2. Jeongjong 1398–1400
  3. Taejong 1400–1418
  4. Sejong the Great 1418–1450
  5. Munjong 1450–1452
  6. Danjong 1452–1455
  7. Sejo 1455–1468
  8. Yejong 1468–1469
  9. Seongjong 1469–1494
  10. Yeonsangun 1494–1506
  11. Jungjong 1506–1544
  12. Injong 1544–1545
  13. Myeongjong 1545–1567
  14. Seonjo 1567–1608
  15. Gwanghaegun 1608–1623
  16. Injo 1623–1649
  17. Hyojong 1649–1659
  18. Hyeonjong 1659–1674
  19. Sukjong 1674–1720
  20. Gyeongjong 1720–1724
  21. Yeongjo 1724–1776
  22. Jeongjo 1776–1800
  23. Sunjo 1800–1834
  24. Heonjong 1834–1849
  25. Cheoljong 1849–1863
  26. Gojong 1863–1907
  27. Sunjong 1907–1910
  • Father: King Taejo (태조)
  • Mother: Queen Shinui of the Anbyeon Han clan (신의왕후 한씨, September 1337 – September 12, 1391)
  • Consorts and their Respective Issue(s):
  1. Queen Jeongan[1] of the Gyeongju Kim clan (정안왕후 김씨, 1355-1412)[2]
    1. No issue
  2. Royal Concubine Seong of the Chungju Ji clan (성빈 지씨, dates unknown)[3]
    1. Yi Hu-saeng, the Prince Deokcheon (이후생 덕천군, 1397–1465), 1st son[4]
    2. Yi Mal-saeng, the Prince Dopyeong (이말생 도평군, 1402-1439), 2nd son
  3. Decent Beauty Lady Ji of the Chungju Ji clan (숙의 지씨)
    1. Yi Won-saeng, the Prince Uipyeong (이원생 의평군, ?–1461), 1st son
    2. Yi Mu-saeng, the Prince Seonseong (이무생 선성군, dates unknown), 2nd son
    3. Yi Ho-saeng, the Prince Imseong (이호생 임성군, dates unknown), 3rd son
    4. Princess Hamyang (함양옹주, dates unknown), Only daughter[5]
  4. Decent Beauty Lady Ki of the Haengju Ki clan (숙의 기씨, ?–1457)[6]
    1. Yi Gun-saeng, the Prince Sunpyeong (이군생 순평군, ?–1456), 1st son
    2. Yi Ui-saeng, the Prince Geumpyeong (이의생 금평군, ?–1435), 2nd son
    3. Yi Yung-saeng, the Prince Jeongseok (이융생 정석군, 1409-1464), 3rd son
    4. Yi Seon-saeng, the Prince Murim (이선생 무림군, 1410-1474), 4th son
    5. Princess Sukshin (숙신옹주, 1401-1486), 1st daughter[7]
    6. Princess Goseong (고성옹주, dates unknown),[8] 2nd daughter[9]
    7. Princess Sangwon (상원옹주, dates unknown), 3rd daughter[10]
    8. Princess Jeonsan (전산옹주, dates unknown),[11] 4th daughter[12]
  5. Decent Beauty Lady Mun (숙의 문씨)
    1. Yi Gwi-saeng, the Prince Jong-ui (이귀생 종의군, 1393–1451), Only son
  6. Decent Beauty Lady Yi (숙의 이씨)
    1. Yi Jong-saeng, the Prince Jinnam (이종생 진남군, 1406–1470), Only son
  7. Decent Beauty Lady Yoon of the Haepyeong Yoon clan (숙의 윤씨)
    1. Yi Deok-saeng, the Prince Sudo (이덕생 수도군, ?-1449), 1st son
    2. Yi Nok-saeng, the Prince Imeon (이녹생 임언군, 1399-1432), 2nd son
    3. Yi Bok-saeng, the Prince Seokbo (이복생 석보군, 1399-1447), 3rd son
    4. Yi Bo-saeng, the Prince Jangcheon (이보생 장천군, dates unknown), 4th son
    5. Princess Incheon (인천옹주),[13] 1st daughter[14]
    6. Princess Haman (함안옹주)),[15] 2nd daughter[16]
  8. Lady Gaui of the Ryu clan (가의궁주 유씨)
    1. Yi Bul-no (이불노)
  9. Servant Girl Gi-mae (시비 기매)
    1. Yi Ji-woon (이지운)
  10. Unknown concubine
    1. Princess Deokcheon (덕천옹주, dates unknown),[17] Only daughter[18]

His full posthumous name

  • King Jeongjong Gongjeong Euimun Jangmu Onin Sunhyo the Great of Korea
  • 정종공정의문장무온인순효대왕
  • 定宗恭靖懿文莊武溫仁順孝大王

See also

  • List of Korea-related topics
  • Rulers of Korea

Notes

  1. ↑ Her other posthumous name is "Queen Consort Anjeong" (안정왕후).
  2. ↑ Daughter of Kim Cheon-seo (김천서), Internal Prince Wolseong (월성부원군); and Lady Yi (이씨), the Lady Samhanguk, Princess Consort to the Internal Prince (삼한국대부인).
  3. ↑ Youngest daughter of Ji Yoon (지윤, ?-1377) and Lady Ahn of the Sunheung Ahn clan (순흥 안씨). Her elder sister (Lady Samhanguk (삼한국대부인)) is Grand Prince Jinan (Taejo's eldest son, Jeongjong's elder brother)'s princess consort and wife.
  4. ↑ Later married Lady Yi of the Jangsu Yi clan (장수 이씨), Lady Gotaek, the Princess Consort (고택군부인). His grandson Seong Hui-an (성희안), Seong Chan (성찬)'s son thru his eldest daughter, would be one of the leaders of the 1506 coup that ousted Prince Yeonsan and placed to the throne his younger brother Grand Prince Jinseong.
  5. ↑ Later married Park Gaeng (박갱), son of Park Deuk-jung (박득중).
  6. ↑ Daughter of Ki Myeon (기면), & elder sister of Ki Geon (기건, ?-1460), Duke Jeongmu (정무공).
  7. ↑ Later married Kim Se-min (김세민), son of Kim Gyeom (김겸).
  8. ↑ Her other title was also "Princess Goseong", but her specific title was different: gunju (군주 郡主).
  9. ↑ Later married Kim Han (김한), son of Kim Jeong-gyeong (김정경), created Prince Consort Yeonseong (연성군).
  10. ↑ Later married Jo Hyo-san (조효산), son of Jo Eui-bang (조의방).
  11. ↑ Her other title was "Princess Anseong", and like her other sister her specific title was also gunju (군주 郡主).
  12. ↑ Later married Yi Hui-jong (이희종).
  13. ↑ Her other title was also "Princess Incheon", and like her other half-sisters her specific title was also gunju (군주 郡主).
  14. ↑ Later married Yi Gwan-shik (이관식), son of Yi Seong-gan(이성간).
  15. ↑ Her other title was also "Princess Haman", and like her other sister her specific title was also gunju (군주 郡主).
  16. ↑ Later married Yi Hang-shin (이항신), created Prince Consort Wollim (월림군) and Duke Sojeong (소정공).
  17. ↑ Her other title was also "Princess Deokcheon", and like her other half-sisters her specific title was also gunju (군주 郡主).
  18. ↑ Later married Byeon Sang-bok (변상복, ?-1455), son of Byeon Yi (변이).
Preceded by
Taejo		 Rulers of Korea
(Joseon Dynasty)
1399–1400 		Succeeded by
Taejong
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