Jaunpur, Uttar Pradesh

Jaunpur Sheeraz-e-Hind
city
Shahi bridge, Jaunpur
Jaunpur
Coordinates: 25°44′N 82°41′E / 25.73°N 82.68°E / 25.73; 82.68Coordinates: 25°44′N 82°41′E / 25.73°N 82.68°E / 25.73; 82.68
Country	India
State	Uttar Pradesh
District	Jaunpur
Founded	1359
Founded by	Feroz Shah Tughlaq
Named for	Muhammad bin Tughluq, whose given name was Jauna Khan
Area
• Total	4,038 km2 (1,559 sq mi)
Elevation	82 m (269 ft)
Population (2011)
• Total	4,476,072
• Rank	43 in UP
• Density	1,108/km2 (2,870/sq mi)
Languages
• Official	Hindi, Urdu
Time zone	IST (UTC+5:30)
Sex ratio	1000 males per 1018 females ♂/♀

Jaunpur (Hindi: जौनपुर, Urdu: جون پور‎) is a city and a municipal board in Jaunpur district in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh.

Jaunpur district is located to the northwest of the district of Varanasi in the eastern part of the North Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. Jaunpur has a population of 4,476,072^[1] people according to official census report of India 2011. Demographically, Jaunpur resembles the rest of the Purvanchal area in which it is located: a primarily rural agricultural population with high illiteracy and low human development index.

History

Jaunpur historically known as Sheeraz-e-Hind having its historical dates from 1359, when the city was founded by the Sultan of Delhi Feroz Shah Tughlaq and named in memory of his cousin, Muhammad bin Tughluq, whose given name was Jauna Khan.^[2] In 1388, Feroz Shah Tughlaq appointed Malik Sarwar, a eunuch, as the governor of the region. The Sultanate was in disarray because of factional fighting for power, and in 1393 Malik Sarwar declared independence. He and his adopted son Mubarak Shah founded what came to be known as the Sharqi dynasty (dynasty of the East). During the Sharqi period the Jaunpur Sultanate was a strong military power in Northern India, and on several occasions threatened the Delhi Sultanate.

Silver coin of 32 rattis issued by Ibrahim Shah of Jaunpur.

It depicts the elephant Citranand attacking another, called Udiya, during the Mughal campaign against the rebel forces of Khan Zaman and Bahadur Khan in 1567.

The Jaunpur Sultanate attained its greatest height under the younger brother of Mubarak Shah, who ruled as Shams ud-din Ibrahim Shah (ruled 1402-1440). To the east, his kingdom extended to Bihar, and to the west, to Kanauj; he even marched on Delhi at one point. Under the aegis of a Muslim holy man named Qutb al-Alam, he threatened the Sultanate of Bengal under Raja Ganesha.^[3]

During the reign of Husain Shah (1456–76), the Jaunpur army was perhaps the biggest in India, and Husain decided to attempt a conquest of Delhi. However, he was defeated on three successive attempts by Bahlul Khan Lodi. Finally, under Sikandar Lodi, the Delhi Sultante was able to reconquer Jaunpur in 1493, bringing that sultanate to an end.

The Jaunpur Sultanate was a major center of Urdu and Sufi knowledge and culture. The Sharqi dynasty was known for its excellent communal relations between Muslims and Hindus, perhaps stemming from the fact that the Sharqis themselves were originally indigenous converts to Islam, as opposed to descendants of Persians or Afghans. Jaunpur's independence came to an end in 1480, when the city was conquered by Sikander Lodhi, the Sultan of Delhi. The Sharqi kings attempted for several years to retake the city, but ultimately failed.

Although many of the Sharqi monuments were destroyed when the Lodis took the city, several important mosques remain, most notably the Atala Masjid, Jama Masjid (now known as the Bari (big mosque) Masjid) and the Lal Darwaza Masjid. The Jaunpur mosques display a unique architectural style, combining traditional Hindu and Muslim motifs with purely original elements. The old bridge over the Gomti River in Jaunpur dates from 1564, the era of the Mughal emperor Akbar. The Jaunpur Quilla, a fortress from the Tughlaq era, also remains in ruined form.

Jaunpur district was annexed into British India based on the Permanent settlement of 1779, and thus was subject to the Zamindari system of land revenue collection. During the Revolt of 1857 the Sikh troops in Jaunpur joined the Indian rebels. The district was eventually reconquered for the British by Gurkha troops from Nepal. Jaunpur then became a district administrative center. Raja Sayyed Idarat Jahan (b. 1805-d. 10 May 1857); at Mahul of Azamgarh. He was the descendant of prophet Muhammad s.a.w. . He trace his progeny from Zaidi sada’at e baraha he was the last king of small princely estate of Jaunpur viz. Lorpur, Mubarakpur, Marrukhpur and Azamgarh. He take part in the first war of independence of 1857, by rejecting the alliance of British policies that, he have to gave pension to the British retired officers, in spite he gave this to the last Mughal ruler Bahadur Shah Zafar. In Uttar Pradesh, Jaunpur from district headquarter 22 km west there is small market ‘Gabhiran Bazaar’ attached to a village Mubarakpur, Sayyed Idarat Jahan’s Fort is Situated. This fort is now abundant having some trace of wobbly doors and windows telling the story of their Glorious time. On 10 may, 1857; Idarat Jahan set a seize fire against Britishers in 1857 In 1856, he was elected as a king of Azamgarh and Jaunpur during this time Awadh was undertaken by Britishers this made others landlords, tallukdars and nawab became frightened because their umbrella is going to be snatched. They get disappointed and panicky, Sayyed Idarat was also thwarted by Britishers as same as Bahadur Shah Zafar. In the same year, in the marriage ceremony of the daughter of nawab of Baanda district all the landlords, peasants, tallukdars and nawab of Idarat jahan’s reign unite to plan for setting up seize fire against Britishers. In Baanda, Farrukhabad, Ruhelkhand, Kanpur, Gonda, Allahabad same types of conference and meetings were arranged, as a result of this meetings, they on the order of Sayyed Idarat Jahan take a concrete step to stop giving pension to the British retired officers they also put their demand to the British government to take off their rights over the mills and factories of jaunpur and Azamgarh. After some times the British retired officers want pension from Idarat jahan but he refused them. Martyrdom of Sayyed Idarat Jahan Refusal from Idarat Jahan made Britishers to conquer over him they attacked the fort of Idarat Jahan, but Idarat Jahan left his fort along with his forty sepoys to Mubarakpur for commemorating Arba’en. Here, in his fort the British Inspector Seized and arrested Mahtab Roy (deewan of Idarat Jahan reign). On 27 December 1856 there was huge battle fought between them for a month. On 10 May 1857 British Inspector arrest Raja Sayyed Idarat Jahan. While, he was offering prayer after a long jury defence Idarat Jahan was assaulted and sentenced to death. He was hanged on a mango tree along with his 40 sepoys and an elephant. He was buried in Mubarakpur Fort His Family tree He was the direct descendant of Zaid e Shaheed ibn Imam Zainul Abedeen a.s. . Idarat Jahan has two sons Mujjafar Jahan and Abbas Jahan, by Abbas Jahan ShamSher Jahan was born, Shamsher Jahan has five sons Haider jahan, Zulfikar Jahan, Sikander Jahan, Akhter jahan, Sardar jahan and a daughter Sayyeda bibi. Haider Jahan was highly respected person and called ‘Raja Sahab’. He has only a daughter Rehmul Nishan got married at biswan of Jaunpur. Many of his descendants were settled in Pakistan, India. Anjum Jahan of Jaunpur is alive and come to Mubarakpur commemorating his martyrdom every year.

Modern day

Jaunpur shares the underdevelopment of most of Eastern Uttar Pradesh. There are currently some major industries operating in the city, and traditional industries such as perfume making have become increasingly unviable. Under the initiative of the UP government, an Industrial Area has been set up in the Sathariya region of the district to promote industrial growth and expansion.^{[citation needed]} Land is being allotted to budding industrialists and the government has plans to help people of this region develop more and more industries.^{[citation needed]} During the past three years Jaunpur city has experienced a growing corporate presence in financial services as well as in the organized retail sector.^{[citation needed]}

Jaunpur is the district headquarters. The district has 2 Lok Sabha and 9 Vidhan Sabha constituencies.

Demographics

As per provisional data of 2011 census, Jaunpur had a population of 430000out of which males were 200063 and females were 229937. The literacy rate was 89.11 per cent.^[4]

Rivers of Jaunpur

Gomti, Sai, Varuna, Pili, and Basuhi are the five rivers which make its land fertile.^[5] It is one of the most densely rural districts in UP.

Transportation

Rail

Jaunpur is well-connected with all major cities of India thanks to Indian Railways. It has four major railway stations: Jaunpur City Station (JOP) and Jaunpur Junction (JNU), Shahganj Junction (SHG), Janghai Junction, Kerakat Station (KKT).

Mughalsarai, Varanasi and Allahabad railway stations are easily reachable from here. Godaan express is a daily train to Mumbai, Doon, Jamu Tawi and Amritsar Express are daily from JNU to Kolkata (HWH); Shramjeevi is daily train to Delhi. Farraka and sadbhavana express are other trains which run to Delhi.

Road

Jaunpur is well-connected to Lucknow, Varanasi, Allahabad and other cities like Azamgarh, Mirzapur, Janghai, Sultanpur, Ghazipur etc. NH-56, SH-36 are the roadways connecting all major cities to Jaunpur.

Rulers

Sharqi Dynasty

• Malik Sarwar Khwaja-yi Jahan (1394–1399)
• Malik Qaranful Mubarrak Shah (1399–1401)
• Ibrahim Shams-ud-Din (1401–1440)
• Mahmud Shah (1440–1458)
• Mohammed Shah Bhikan Khan (1458)
• Husain Shah (1458–1483)

Sher Shah Suri

Educational institutes

Jaunpur district has more than 50 Graduate and post graduate institutes and more than 200 undergraduate colleges and more than 300 colleges up to high school. In recent years, some professional and Management institute opened such as Prasad Engineering, IPM etc. There are many major educational institutions in Jaunpur City which are famous throughout the nation. There is also a Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya situated 21 km south from the district headquarter on Lumbini - Duddhi Road in Katghara Village near Mariahu Tehsil.

University

• Veer Bahadur Singh Purvanchal University

Engineering Institutes

• Prasad Institute of Technology

Industries

Shivansh Offset Industries The bigest producer of answersheet and paper converter. In the memory of Lt. Shri Raj Narayan Pathak

SIDA (Satharia Industrial Development Authority)

Satharia Industrial Development Authority was established in November 1989 by the Govt. of Uttar Pradesh, under U.P. Industrial Area Development Act, 1976 to facilitate concentrated effort on Industrial development of eastern Uttar Pradesh.

In its 1st phase of activity, the authority has a fully developed growth center area on 508 acres of land, under growth center scheme of Govt. of India.

Virtually all kind of industrial, commercial and social infrastructural facilities, such as Medical, Educational, Residential, Roads, Transportation, drainage, Telecommunication, dedicated industrial power 33/11 KV supply, post office, bank, water supply, community center, shopping center, field hostel etc., have been fully established and are operative.^[6]

Landmarks

There are a number of tourist attractions in Jaunpur. Every year thousands of visitors come from every corner of the world to visit Jaunpur. The tourist attractions in Jaunpur include monuments, museums, and holy places.

Monuments

• Shahi Bridge
• Shahi Quila Jaunpur Fort
• Sadbhavana Bridge, Jaunpur
• Kallu ka Imam-bada

Holy places

Jaunpur Atala Masjid.

Jaunpur Jama Masjid

• Atala Masjid, Jaunpur
• Jama Masjid, Jaunpur
• Lal Darwaza Masjid, Jaunpur
• Kadam Rasool
• Sadar Imambara
• Diyawan Mahadev Mandir
• Shitla Choukiya Dham
• Anchala Devi
• Temple of Maihar Devi
• Temple of Sheetla Devi
• Trilochan Mahadev Temple, Jaunpur
• Rameshvaram Mahadev Temple, Rajepur, Jaunpur
• Hanuman Temple, Hansrauli, Jaunpur
• Sai Nath Mahadev Temple, Jaunpur
• Pange sharif, Jaunpur
• Temple of Mahadev Shiv Dharmapur
• Temple of Mata Nakteshwari Devi, Kathiraon, Jaunpur
• Temple of Bhagwan Shriram & Janki, Muradganj, Jaunpur
• Temple of Ram Janki, Singarpur(Sukhlalganj), Jaunpur
• Hajrat Gaus Peer Dargah, Gauspur, Khuthan, Jaunpur

Local products

• Famous Imarti, a sweet like jalebi made from urad
• Jaunpuri Mooli,^[7] a daikon (radish) that grow up to four feet long
• Perfumes, or itra (in Urdu)

References

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Jaunpur.

Wikisource has the text of the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica article Jaunpur.

 "Jaunpur". Encyclopedia Americana. 1920. 

• Hindi website
• English website