Jane Reece (photographer)

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Jane Reece (June 18 or 19,1868? – June 10, 1961) was a highly acclaimed American pictorial photographer of the early 20th century. She lived most of her life in Dayton, Ohio and was active in the local, national and international photography scenes. During her 40-year career she exhibited in more than 100 photography salons and shows around the world, receiving many awards, prizes and honors.[1] Reece is now recognized as one of Dayton's most beloved artists.

Biography

Reece was very secretive about her age and many facts about her life. At other times she appears to have embellished or exaggerated other details about her history. Much of what is known to be true about her was assembled from her studio records, letters and interviews with friends and family members. She claimed to have been born in a log cabin near West Jefferson, Ohio; she never revealed, and may not have known, the exact date. Records indicate she was one of four children born to William L. Reece (1833-1879) and Mary Augsburger Ransomer (1837-1934). After her father died in 1879, her family moved to nearby Zanesville, Ohio. Her brother Lawson took up photography there and worked in the photographic studio of Muntz and Pack. Reece also worked there briefly and was listed as an "artist" or "artist-retoucher".[2]

Like many photographers during this period Reece began her artistic career as a painter, and she claimed she only began to photograph in earnest when a serious illness, thought to be spinal meningitis or tuberculosis, forced her to abandon painting in 1903. While recovering from the illness at the home of relatives in Southern Pines, North Carolina, she said took up photography at the insistence of the nurse who cared for her. However, in 1901-02 Reece was listed in the Dayton City Directory as having a "studio", and there are dozens of photographic portraits taken by her that appear to be from this period.[3]

In December 1903 Reece returned from North Carolina and moved to Dayton, Ohio, where she acknowledged that she opened a large photographic studio. She called the studio "The Rembrandt," hoping the artistic name would help attract clients who wanted studio portraits. Her strategy worked well, for within the next year she recorded that she made more than 600 photographic silhouette portraits.[4]

The Poinsettia Girl), by Jane Reece 1907.

Within a few years Reece's photographic style evolved from simple portraiture to a more artistic vision. For inspiration she subscribed to Alfred Stieglitz's important magazines Camera Notes and Camera Work. In 1907 she produced one of her best known images, a self-portrait known as The Poinsettia Girl. In making this image Reece might have been influenced another woman photographer, Eva Watson-Schütze, whose photograph The Rose was published in Camera Work in 1905.

By 1909 she felt she had achieved all that she could in Dayton given what she knew, and she moved briefly to New York to study with Clarence H. White at Columbia University. She stayed there for slightly less than four months, and later she claimed that White found her work too advanced for her to remain his student. Both White's and Reece's records and notes from that period are unclear about her actual attendance at Columbia, although she did produce a portrait of White in his studio.[5] She is also known to have met Gertrude Käsebier during this visit, although the extent of their connection is unclear.[1] Regardless, Reece returned to Dayton in October of that year and opened a new portrait studio. Within a short while she had numerous clients, and for the next several years she made many commercial portraits of Dayton's finest families.

The Soul in Bondage), by Jane Reece 1911.

In 1911 Reece traveled to California, and while there she made a small series of photographs that both define her artistic style and her life at the time. The series, called The Soul in Bondage, interpreted the mythological story of Andromeda who was bound to rocks by the ocean and rescued by Perseus. Reece took the series on Catalina Island, and the model is thought to have been former Dayton resident Marie Peiza. Dominque Vasseur, former curator at the Dayton Art Institute, said this series "symbolizes a psychological and emotional struggle of great proportion which one must assume to be autobiographical."[6] At the time, Reece was questioning her commitment to photography and to the career she had chosen; she was experiencing financial hardships and her health had been suffering as well.

She must have resolved whatever doubts she had before going to California, for after she returned to Dayton in 1912 she expanded her artistic repertoire to include both the portrait business she had before but also an increasing number of artistic images. Among her more famous works from this period are The Veteran (1912) and Whence (1916).

In 1919 Reece returned to visit friends in Los Angeles, and while there she photographed Edward Weston, Tina Modotti and her common-law husband Roubaix de l'Abrie Richey. In keeping with her pictorial style, she posed both Modotti and Richey in costume and gave them "artistic" characters. A photograph of Richey posing as Christ was titled Son of Man, while one of Modotti was called Having Drowned My Glory in a Shallow Cup. The latter has become one of her best known images.

Reece, who suffered from both mental and physical ailments throughout her life, became ill while in Los Angeles and remained there until late 1920. When she finally returned to Dayton, she entered into the most prolific and artistically significant period of her career. During most of the 1920s and early 1930s she achieved both national and international acclaim for her work, receiving recognition and awards from around the world. One reason for her success was that she incorporated a variety of different styles in her work; she regularly experimented with different genres, models and subject matter. Photography historian Naomi Rosenblum said Reece "was a scavenger of styles, finding ideas both in portraiture and for salon work in Naturalists, Symbolist, and on occasion, Cubist art".[7] Susan Talbot-Stanaway, Director of the Zanesville (Ohio) Museum of Art, which holds about 70 of Reece's photographs, said Reece loved to create "carefully constructed little stories"[8] in her images.

Spaces (Harry Losée), by Jane Reece, 1922.

Some of her most striking photographs were created in 1922, when she overlaid negatives she took of dancer Harry Losée with stencils to create bold, geometric lighting patterns reminiscent of later work by Man Ray. Also during this time Reece experimented with Autochomes[9] and short films.

Due to her increased fame in the 1920s Reece was engaged to take portraits of many artists and celebrities of the time, including Count and Countess Ilya Tolstoy, Jan Kubelik, Margaret Woodrow Wilson, Herman Sachs, Robert Frost, Roland Hayes and Helen Keller. After a visit to Europe in 1923-24, she was in demand for many international exhibitions. During the three-year period from 1928 to 1930 her photographs were included in at least 65 salons and exhibitions, including major shows in New York, Chicago, Boston, Los Angeles, Paris, London, Prague, Amsterdam, Tokyo, Stockholm, Copenhagen, Toronto, Edinburgh, Madrid and Antwerp.[10]

Sometime in the mid-1930s Reece's eyesight began to fail, and, coupled with the decline in the popularity of pictorialism, she began to produce less and less. In 1944, at the age of 76, she finally said she was giving up photography altogether due to "my silent ears and my dimming vision".[11]

She continued to exhibit her works and was honored with one-person shows at the Carmel Art Institute and the Dayton Art Institute in 1947. By the 1950s, however, pictorialism had grown completely out of favor in the photography world, and Reece, finding no further use for her archives, donated over 400 photographs to the Dayton Art Institute. She lived out her last years in increasing ill health, isolation and poverty. She died in Dayton just eight days short of her 93rd birthday. Her massive collection of more than 10,000 glass plate negatives was left to Wright State University.[12]

Since Reece's death her work has been rediscovered, and she is now recognized for her strong artistic vision and her leadership in photography during a changing time in the medium's history. The Dayton Art Institute has held two retrospectives of her work since her death, one in 1986 and again in 1997.

Notes

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Kirk, Maryanne. "The Invisible Image: Reconciling the Early History of Women Photographers". Retrieved 201-11-05. 
  2. ↑ Vasseur, pp16-18
  3. ↑ Vasseur, p 18
  4. ↑ Vasseur, p19
  5. ↑ Fulton, p 33-34
  6. ↑ Vasseur, p29
  7. ↑ Rosenblum, p79
  8. ↑ Gilson, Nancy. "Ohio woman made mark in photography with ethereal images". Retrieved 2011-11-05. 
  9. ↑ Brannick, pp1-4
  10. ↑ Vasseur, pp168-175
  11. ↑ "Interview with Jane Reece". Dayton Art Institute Bulletin 21 (5). March–April 1963. 
  12. ↑ Mary Sayre Haverstock; Jeannette Mahoney Vance; Brian L. Meggitt (2000). Artists in Ohio, 1787-1900: A Biographical Dictionary. Kent State University Press. p. 713. ISBN 978-0-87338-616-6. Retrieved July 23, 2013. 

References

Brannick, John A. "Jane Reece and her Autochromes." History of Photography. Vol 13, No 1 (Jan-Mar 1989), pp. 1–4

Fulton, Marianne with Bonnie Yochelson and Kathleen A. Erwin. PIctorialism into Modernism: The Clarence H. White School of Photography. NY: Rizzoli, 1996. ISBN 0-8478-1936-1

Rosenblum, Naomi. A History of Women Photographers. NY: Abbeville Press, 1994. ISBN 1-55859-761-1

San Francisco Museum of Art. Women of Photography: An Historical Survey. San Francisco: San Francisco Museum of Art, 1975

Vasseur, Dominique. The Soul Unbound: The photographs of Jane Reece. Dayton, OH: Dayton Art Institute, 1997 ISBN 0-937809-13-6

External links

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