Jamil al-Ulshi

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Jamil al-Ulshi جميل الألشي

Interim President of Syria
In office January 17, 1943 – March 25, 1943
Preceded by	Taj al-Din al-Hasani
Succeeded by	'Ata Bay al-Ayyubi
Prime Minister of Syria
In office September 6, 1920 – November 30, 1920
Preceded by	Alaa al-Din al-Durubi
Succeeded by	Haqqi Bey al-Azm
In office January 10, 1943 – March 25, 1943
Preceded by	Husni al-Barazi
Succeeded by	Saadallah al-Jabiri
Personal details
Born	1883 Damascus, Ottoman Syria
Died	1951 (aged 78) Damascus, Syria
Religion	Sunni Islam

Jamil al-Ulshi (1883-1951) (Arabic: جميل الألشي‎) was a Syrian politician and acting head of state (January 17 - March 25, 1943) during the French Mandate era.

Biography

He was born and raised in Damascus, and educated in the Ottoman Military Academy in Istanbul.

He defected from the Ottoman army and joined the Arab revolt under the leadership of Hussein bin Ali, Sharif of Mecca. After the end of World War II, he was a member of a six-man committee charged with discharging executive authority in Syria until the Kingdom of Syria was proclaimed under Faisal I, after which, in October 1918, he was appointed private chamberlain to the new monarch. However, the kingdom was dissolved by the French, who imposed their mandate on Syria in July 1920 and exiled Faisal (see Sykes-Picot Agreement and San Remo conference). Ulshi remained behind and participated in successive pro-French and French-appointed puppet governments, occupying several high posts in the cabinet, becoming acting Prime Minister on September 6, 1920. He rapidly gained a reputation for subservience to the French and nepotism, appointing several family members to high government posts. The French mandate authorities subdivided Syria into independent and semi-independent zones and annexed large areas to Lebanon, enraging Syrian nationalists, and several revolts broke out across the country.

Ulshi became increasingly unpopular when he did nothing to oppose these measures, and raised no objections to the severe French military response to the revolts. He was forced to resign on November 30, 1920. He remained a political outcast until 1928, when he was able to return to the cabinet as finance minister when his longtime ally Taj al-Din al-Hasani became Prime minister; he held this post until August 1930, when he retired. He came out of retirement in September 1941 to become an advisor to Hasani when the latter assumed the presidency. Hasani asked Ulshi to form a government in January 1943. He did so, giving several posts to nationalist politicians to appease the opposition. However Hasani died that same month, and Ulshi became acting president as well as prime minister. His tenure was marred by widespread public anger and rioting at high prices and taxes imposed to aid the unpopular French war effort in Europe. He was again forced to resign, and disappeared from public life until his death eight years later.

Preceded by Taj al-Din al-Hasani	President of Syria January 17 - March 25, 1943	Succeeded by 'Ata' Bay al-Ayyubi

v t e Presidents of Syria

French Mandate	Subhi Barakat François Pierre-Alype^AP Ahmad Nami Taj al-Din al-Hasani^AP Léon Solomiac^AP Muhammad Ali al-Abid Hashim al-Atassi Bahij al-Khatib Khalid al-Azm^AP Taj al-Din al-Hasani Jamil al-Ulshi^AP Ata al-Ayyubi Shukri al-Quwatli

Syrian Republic	Shukri al-Quwatli Husni al-Za'im^† Sami al-Hinnawi^AP^† Hashim al-Atassi Adib Shishakli^AP^† Fawzi Selu^† Adib Shishakli Maamun al-Kuzbari^AP^† Hashim al-Atassi Shukri al-Quwatli

United Arab Republic	Gamal Abdel Nasser

Syrian Arab Republic	Maamun al-Kuzbari^AP Izzat al-Nuss^AP^† Nazim al-Kudsi Lu'ay al-Atassi^† Amin al-Hafiz^† Nureddin al-Atassi^† Ahmad al-Khatib^AP Hafez al-Assad Abdul Halim Khaddam^AP Bashar al-Assad

^AP: Acting president; ^†: Military

v t e Prime Ministers of Syria since 1920

Kingdom of Syria (1920)	al-Rikabi H. al-Atassi* al-Durubi al-Ulshi

French Mandate of Syria (1920–1946) post established 1932	H. al-Azm al-Hasani A. al-Ayyubi Mardam Bey al-Haffar al-Bukhari post vacant, 1939–41 K. al-Azm al-Hakim H. al-Barazi al-Ulshi al-Jabiri al-Khoury al-Jabiri

Syrian Republic (1946–1958)	al-Jabiri K. al-Azm* Mardam Bey K. al-Azm al-Za'im M. al-Barazi H. al-Atassi al-Kudsi K. al-Azm al-Kudsi K. al-Azm al-Hakim al-Khatib al-Dawalibi Selu Shishakli al-Asali al-Ghazzi al-Khoury al-Asali al-Ghazzi al-Asali

United Arab Republic (1958–1961)	Kahala Sarraj

Syrian Arab Republic (1961–present)	al-Kuzbari al-Nuss al-Dawalibi al-Azma K. al-Azm al-Bitar al-Hafiz al-Bitar al-Hafiz Zuaiyin al-Bitar Zuaiyin N. al-Atassi al-Assad Khleifawi M. al-Ayyubi Khleifawi al-Halabi al-Kasm Zuabi Mero al-Otari Safar Hijab Ghalawanji* al-Halqi

* acting

References

Sami Moubayed Steel & Silk: Men and Women Who Shaped Syria 1900-2000 (Cune Press, Seattle, 2005).

Persondata
Name	Ulshi, Jamil al
Alternative names
Short description	Prime minister of Syria
Date of birth	1883
Place of birth	Damascus, Ottoman Syria
Date of death	1951
Place of death	Damascus, Syria

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