James R. Clapper

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James R. Clapper
4th Director of National Intelligence
Incumbent
Assumed office
August 9, 2010
President Barack Obama
Deputy Stephanie O'Sullivan
Preceded by David Gompert (Acting)
Under Secretary of Defense for Intelligence
In office
April 15, 2007 – June 5, 2010
President George W. Bush
Barack Obama
Preceded by Stephen Cambone
Succeeded by Michael Vickers
Director of the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency
In office
September 2001 – June 2006
President George W. Bush
Preceded by James King
Succeeded by Robert Murrett
Director of the Defense Intelligence Agency
In office
November 1991 – August 1995
President George H. W. Bush
Bill Clinton
Preceded by Dennis Nagy (Acting)
Succeeded by Kenneth Minihan
Personal details
Born James Robert Clapper, Jr.[1]
(1941-03-14) March 14, 1941
Fort Wayne, Indiana, U.S.
Alma mater University of Maryland, College Park
St. Mary's University, Texas
National Defense University
Air University
Military service
Service/branch United States Air Force
Years of service 1963–1995
Rank Lieutenant General
Battles/wars Vietnam War
Awards Legion of Merit (3)
Bronze Star (2)
Air Medal (2)

James Robert Clapper, Jr. (born March 14, 1941)[2][3] is a retired lieutenant general in the United States Air Force and is currently the Director of National Intelligence. He was previously dual-hatted as the first Director of Defense Intelligence within the Office of the Director of National Intelligence alongside the position of Under Secretary of Defense for Intelligence.[4] Clapper has held several key positions within the United States Intelligence Community. He served as the director of the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA) from September 2001 until June 2006. Previously, he served as director of the Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA) from 1992 until 1995.

On June 5, 2010, President Barack Obama nominated Clapper to replace Dennis C. Blair as United States Director of National Intelligence. Clapper was unanimously confirmed by the Senate for the position on August 5, 2010.[5][6]

Clapper has been accused of perjury for telling a Congressional committee that the NSA does not collect any type of data at all on millions or hundreds of millions of Americans.

Early life

Clapper was born in Fort Wayne, Indiana, the son of Anne Elizabeth (née Wheatley) and First Lieutenant James Robert Clapper.[7][8] His maternal grandfather, James McNeal Wheatley, was an Episcopalian minister.[9]

Military career

Lieutenant General James R. Clapper, USAF circa 1985

After a brief enlistment in the United States Marine Corps Reserve, General Clapper transferred to the Air Force Reserve Officer Training Corps program. He was commissioned in 1963 as a distinguished military graduate from the University of Maryland. He commanded a signals intelligence detachment based at a listening post in Thailand's Udon Thani Province (where he flew 73 combat support missions in EC-47s); a signals intelligence SIGINT wing at Fort George G. Meade, Maryland, and the Air Force Technical Applications Center, Patrick Air Force Base, Florida. Clapper served as director of intelligence for three of the unified commands: U.S. Forces Korea, U.S. Pacific Command and Strategic Air Command. Also, he served as senior intelligence officer for the air force.[10] Clapper's final military post was as Director of the Defense Intelligence Agency. After this he briefly served as an executive in several private companies such as Booz Allen Hamilton and SRA International.

Appointment as USD(I)

After his departure from NGA in June 2006, Clapper briefly served as the chief operating officer for Detica DFI, now a US-based subsidiary of BAE Systems. For the 2006-2007 academic year, Clapper held the position of Georgetown University’s Intelligence and National Security Alliance Distinguished Professor in the Practice of Intelligence.[11] While teaching at Georgetown, Clapper was officially nominated by President George W. Bush to be Under Secretary of Defense for Intelligence on 29 January 2007. Clapper was confirmed by the United States Senate on 11 April 2007.[12] He was only the second person to hold this position, which oversees and provides policy, program, and budgetary guidance to the defense intelligence agencies—DIA, NGA, the National Security Agency (NSA), and the National Reconnaissance Office (NRO)—and also works closely with the Director of National Intelligence (DNI).

Director of National Intelligence

Nomination

On June 4, 2010, multiple news agencies reported that United States President Barack Obama was planning to nominate Clapper as the next Director of National Intelligence.[6][13] Despite the report that Clapper was suggested to President Obama by Defense Secretary Robert Gates, both Chairwoman Dianne Feinstein and Vice-Chairman Kit Bond of the United States Senate Select Committee on Intelligence had offered reservations regarding his appointment.[6]

President Obama made the official announcement on June 5, 2010 saying Clapper "possesses a quality that I value in all my advisers: a willingness to tell leaders what we need to know even if it's not what we want to hear."[14]

On August 5, 2010, Clapper was confirmed by the Senate in a unanimous vote.[5] Lawmakers approved his nomination after the Senate Intelligence Committee backed him with a 15-0 vote. During his testimony for the position, Director Clapper pledged to advance the DNI's authorities, exert tighter control over programming and budgeting, and provide oversight over the CIA's use of predator drones in Pakistan.[15]

New deputy director for intelligence integration

In August 2010, Clapper announced a new position at the DNI, which was designed to integrate the former posts of Deputy Director for Analysis and Deputy Director for Collections, now called the deputy director for intelligence integration. Robert Cardillo, the deputy director of the Defense Intelligence Agency, was tapped as the first person to fill this new post.[16][17][18]

Budget authority

In a tentative agreement reached between Defense Secretary Robert Gates and Director Clapper, the Office of the Director of National Intelligence will assume administrative control over the National Intelligence Program (NIP). Previously the NIP was itemized within the Defense Department budget to help keep the line item and dollar amount from public disclosure, the practice of which will now be disbanded. Director Clapper's office publicly disclosed the top line budget late October 2010. Senior intelligence officials believe the budget change will likely strengthen the DNI's authority.[19][20][21][22][23]

Iran

Giving evidence to the Senate in February 2012 Clapper told Congress that if Iran is attacked over its alleged nuclear weapons program, it could respond by closing the Strait of Hormuz to ships and launch missiles at regional U.S. forces and allies. Former Defense Intelligence Agency chief Lt. Gen. Ronald Burgess tells senators Iran is unlikely to initiate or intentionally provoke a conflict. Clapper says it’s “technically feasible” that Tehran could produce a nuclear weapon in one or two years, if its leaders decide to build one, “but practically not likely.” He says recent diplomatic outreach by Iran to European diplomats could indicate that officials there are reconsidering the program. Both men say they do not believe Israel has decided to strike Iran.[24]

Common information technology enterprise and desktop

Director Clapper has made "intelligence integration" across the IC the primary mission of the ODNI.[25] In 2012, the office announced an initiative to create a common information technology desktop for the entire Intelligence Community, moving away from unconnected agency networks to a common enterprise model. The shared IT infrastructure will reach initial operating capability in late fiscal 2013, with plans to bring on all intelligence agencies over the next few years.[26]

False testimony to Congress on NSA surveillance programs

Excerpt of James Clapper's testimony before the Senate Select Committee on Intelligence

On March 12, 2013, during a United States Senate Select Committee on Intelligence hearing, Senator Ron Wyden quoted the keynote speech at the 2012 DEF CON by the director of the NSA, Keith B. Alexander.[27] Alexander had stated that "Our job is foreign intelligence" and that "Those who would want to weave the story that we have millions or hundreds of millions of dossiers on people, is absolutely false…From my perspective, this is absolute nonsense."[27] Senator Wyden then asked Clapper, "Does the NSA collect any type of data at all on millions or hundreds of millions of Americans?" He responded, "No, sir."[27] Wyden asked "It does not?"[27] and Clapper said "Not wittingly. There are cases where they could inadvertently, perhaps, collect, but not wittingly."[27]

When Edward Snowden was asked during his January 26, 2014 TV interview in Moscow what the decisive moment was or why he blew the whistle, he replied: “Sort of the breaking point was seeing the Director of National Intelligence, James Clapper, directly lie under oath to Congress.[...]Seeing that really meant for me there was no going back.” [28]

Admission and responses

On June 6, 2013 Director Clapper released a statement admitting the NSA collects telephony metadata on millions of Americans telephone calls.[29] This metadata information included originating and terminating telephone number, telephone calling card number, International Mobile Station Equipment Identity (IMEI) number, time, and duration of phone calls, but did not include the name, address or financial information of any subscriber.[30]

On Sunday June 7, 2013, Clapper was interviewed by Andrea Mitchell on NBC. Clapper said that "I responded in what I thought was the most truthful, or least untruthful manner by saying no" when he testified.[31]

On June 12, 2013, United States House of Representatives member Justin Amash became the first Congressman to openly accuse Director Clapper of criminal perjury, and calling for his resignation. In a series of tweets he stated: "It now appears clear that the director of national intelligence, James Clapper, lied under oath to Congress and the American people," and "Perjury is a serious crime ... [and] Clapper should resign immediately,"[32] Senator Rand Paul said "The director of national intelligence, in March, did directly lie to Congress, which is against the law."[33]

On June 27, 2013 a group of 26 senators sent him a complaint letter opposing the use of a "body of secret law".[34][35] On July 1, 2013, Clapper issued an apology, saying that "My response was clearly erroneous – for which I apologize."[36] On July 2, Clapper said that he had forgotten about the Patriot Act and therefore had given an "erroneous" answer.[37]

The journalist Glenn Greenwald accused the media in the U.S. of focusing on Edward Snowden instead of focusing on wrongdoing by Clapper and other U.S. officials.[38] Jody Westby of Forbes argued that due to the revelations, the American public should ask Clapper to resign from office, arguing that "Not only did Mr. Clapper give false testimony to Congress, even his June 6 statement was false. We now know — since the companies identified by the Washington Post have started fessing up — that lots more than telephony metadata has been collected and searched."[39] Fred Kaplan of Slate also advocated having Clapper fired, arguing "if President Obama really welcomes an open debate on this subject, James Clapper has disqualified himself from participation in it. He has to go."[40] Andy Greenberg of Forbes said that NSA officials along with Clapper, in the years 2012 and 2013 "publicly denied–often with carefully hedged words–participating in the kind of snooping on Americans that has since become nearly undeniable."[27] John Dean, former White House Counsel for President Nixon, has claimed that it is unlikely Clapper would be charged with the three principal criminal statutes that address false statements to Congress: perjury, obstruction of Congress, and making false statements.[41] David Sirota of Salon said that if the U.S. government fails to treat Clapper and Alexander in the same way as it did Roger Clemens, "the message from the government would be that lying to Congress about baseball is more of a felony than lying to Congress about Americans’ Fourth Amendment rights" and that the "message would declare that when it comes to brazen law-breaking, as long as you are personally connected to the president, you get protection rather than the prosecution you deserve."[42]

On December 19, 2013 seven Republican members of the House Judiciary Committee called on attorney general Eric Holder to investigate Clapper, saying that "witnesses cannot be allowed to lie to Congress."[43] In January 2014, Robert Litt, the general counsel to the Office of the DNI, stated that Clapper did not lie to Congress.[44] Republican Senator Rand Paul of Kentucky suggested on the ABC News program “This Week” that Clapper might deserve prison time for his testimony.[45] In January 2014, six members of the House of Representatives wrote to President Obama urging him to dismiss Clapper for lying to Congress.[46]

Whistleblower Edward Snowden has said that the "breaking point" which lead to his leaks was "seeing the Director of National Intelligence, James Clapper, directly lie under oath to Congress."[47]

In the media

In 2003, Clapper, then head of the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency, attempted to explain the absence of weapons of mass destruction in Iraq by asserting that the weapons materials were "unquestionably" shipped out of Iraq to Syria and other countries just before the American invasion, a "personal assessment" which Clapper's own agency head at the time, David Burpee, "could not provide further evidence to support."[48]

In an interview on December 20, 2010 with Diane Sawyer of ABC News, Clapper indicated he was completely unaware that twelve alleged would-be terrorists had been arrested in Great Britain earlier in the day.[49][50]

In February, 2011, when mass demonstrations were bringing down Mubarak's presidency in Egypt, Clapper told a House Intelligence Committee hearing that:

"The term 'Muslim Brotherhood'...is an umbrella term for a variety of movements, in the case of Egypt, a very heterogeneous group, largely secular, which has eschewed violence and has decried Al Qaeda as a perversion of Islam," ... "They have pursued social ends, a betterment of the political order in Egypt, et cetera.....In other countries, there are also chapters or franchises of the Muslim Brotherhood, but there is no overarching agenda, particularly in pursuit of violence, at least internationally."[51]

The Obama administration took the rare step later that day of correcting its own intelligence chief after the statement drew scrutiny among members of Congress.[52]

In March 2011, Clapper was heard at the United States Senate Committee on Armed Services and commented on the 2011 Libyan civil war saying that "over the longer term" Gaddafi "will prevail." This position was loudly questioned by the White House, when National Security Advisor Thomas E. Donilon qualified his statement as a "static and one-dimensional assessment" and argued that "The lost legitimacy [of Gaddafi] matters."[53] During the same hearing he was also questioned when he neglected to list Iran and North Korea among the nuclear powers that might pose a threat to the United States.

Education

Clapper also holds an honorary doctorate in strategic intelligence from the Joint Military Intelligence College, Washington, D.C., where he taught as an adjunct professor.

Major awards and decorations

Effective dates of promotion

  • Second Lieutenant Jun 8, 1963
  • First Lieutenant Jan 8, 1965
  • Captain Mar 16, 1967
  • Major Nov 1, 1973
  • Lieutenant Colonel Apr 1, 1976
  • Colonel Feb 11, 1980
  • Brigadier General Oct 1, 1985
  • Major General Sep 1, 1988
  • Lieutenant General Nov 15, 1991[55]

Assignments

  • May 1963 – March 1964, student, Signal Intelligence Officers Course, Goodfellow Air Force Base, Texas
  • March 1964 – December 1965, analytic branch chief, Air Force Special Communications Center, Kelly Air Force Base, Texas
  • December 1965 – December 1966, watch officer and air defense analyst, 2nd Air Division (later, 7th Air Force), Tan Son Nhut Air Base, South Vietnam
  • December 1966 – June 1970, aide to the commander and command briefer, Air Force Security Service, Kelly Air Force Base, Texas
  • June 1970 – June 1971, commander, Detachment 3, 6994th Security Squadron, Nakhon Phanom Royal Thai Air Force Base, Thailand
  • June 1971 – August 1973, military assistant to the director, National Security Agency, Fort George G. Meade, Md.
  • August 1973 – August 1974, aide to the commander and intelligence staff officer, Headquarters Air Force Systems Command, Andrews Air Force Base, Md.
  • August 1974 – September 1975, distinguished graduate, Armed Forces Staff College, Norfolk, Va.
  • September 1975 – June 1976, chief, signal intelligence branch, Headquarters U.S. Pacific Command, Camp H.M. Smith, Hawaii
  • June 1976 – August 1978, chief, signal intelligence branch, J-23, Headquarters U.S. Pacific Command, Camp H.M. Smith, Hawaii
  • August 1978 – June 1979, student, National War College, National Defense University, Fort Lesley J. McNair, Washington, D.C.
  • June 1979 – January 1980, Washington area representative for electronic security command, deputy commander, Fort George G. Meade, Md.
  • February 1980 – April 1981, commander, 6940th Electronic Security Wing, Fort George G. Meade, Md.
  • April 1981 – June 1984, director for intelligence plans and systems, Office of the Assistant Chief of Staff for Intelligence, Headquarters U.S. Air Force, Washington, D.C.
  • June 1984 – May 1985, commander, Air Force Technical Applications Center, Patrick Air Force Base, Fla.
  • June 1985 – June 1987, assistant chief of staff for intelligence, U.S. Forces Korea, and deputy assistant chief of staff for intelligence, Republic of Korea and U.S. Combined Forces Command
  • July 1987 – July 1989, director for intelligence, Headquarters U.S. Pacific Command, Camp H.M. Smith, Hawaii
  • July 1989 – March 1990, deputy chief of staff for intelligence, Headquarters Strategic Air Command, Offutt Air Force Base, Neb.
  • April 1990 – November 1991, assistant chief of staff for intelligence, Headquarters U.S. Air Force, Washington, D.C.
  • November 1991 – 1995, director, Defense Intelligence Agency and General Defense Intelligence Program, Washington, D.C.

See also

  • Michael Hayden, retired Air Force general and former director of the NSA (1999-2005) and CIA (2006-2009)

References

  1. ↑ Nominations before the Senate Armed Services Committee, first session, 110th ... - United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Armed Services - Google Books. Books.google.ca. Retrieved 2012-11-14. 
  2. ↑ "Will Attend Christening". Pqasb.pqarchiver.com. 1941-03-23. Retrieved 2012-11-14. 
  3. ↑ "General Clapper Nominated DNI Chief". Rttnews.com. 2010-06-06. Retrieved 2012-11-14. 
  4. ↑ ""Under Secretary of Defense for Intelligence to be Dual-hatted as Director of Defense Intelligence," ''DNI News Release'', May 24, 2007" (PDF). Retrieved 2011-03-13. 
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 "James Clapper Confirmed as Director of National Intelligence". Wall Street Journal. 2010-08-05. Retrieved 6 August 2010. 
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Montopoli, Brian (2010-06-04). ""James Clapper to be Tapped as New National Intelligence Director," ''CBS News'', June 04, 2010". Cbsnews.com. Retrieved 2011-03-13. 
  7. ↑ "Obituaries". Pqasb.pqarchiver.com. 1998-05-09. Retrieved 2012-11-14. 
  8. ↑ B and O Magazine - Google Books. Books.google.ca. 2001-08-01. Retrieved 2012-11-14. 
  9. ↑ 's+Rector%2C+Set&pqatl=google "Rites For Father Wheatley, 1st St. George's Rector, Set". Pqasb.pqarchiver.com. 1969-01-30. Retrieved 2012-11-14. 
  10. ↑ "United States Air Force Biography". Af.mil. Archived from the original on 2012-07-19. Retrieved 2011-03-13. 
  11. ↑ ""Professor in Practice of Intelligence Established", ''Georgetown University''". Explore.georgetown.edu. Retrieved 2011-03-13. 
  12. ↑ ""DoD Announces Clapper as the New Undersecretary of Defense for Intelligence", ''M2 Presswire'', April 16, 2007". Goliath.ecnext.com. Retrieved 2011-03-13. 
  13. ↑ "AP source: Pentagon official tapped as intel chief," Washington Post, June 04, 2010
  14. ↑ "Obama nominates Clapper to head spy agencies, ''MSNBC'', June 05, 2010". MSNBC. Retrieved 2011-03-13. 
  15. ↑ Washington Post, DNI nominee vows tighter reins on intel programs, 20 July 2010
  16. ↑ CNN, Director of national intelligence names deputy to boost collaboration, 20 August 2010
  17. ↑ The Washington Post, Clapper's people, 23 August 2010
  18. ↑ Got GEOINT?, Monday Morning News Kick Off: Robert Cardillo to Boost Collaboration for ODNI; Clapper Brings Sense of Humor to Job; SAIC Wins TASER Contract, 23 August 2010
  19. ↑ Washington Post, Control of intelligence budget will shift, November 3, 2010
  20. ↑ WIRED, One Spy to Rule Them All: Top Spook Launches Push for Real Power, November 3, 2010
  21. ↑ Federal Times, Intelligence director says he will get control of funds, November 3, 2010
  22. ↑ Executive Gov, Clapper Seeks Authority over Intel Budget, November 3, 2010
  23. ↑ ODNI, DNI Releases Budge Figure for 2010 National Intelligence Program, 28 October 2010
  24. ↑ U.S. remains optimistic on Iran sanctions, CBS News, February 21, 2012.
  25. ↑ U.S. Office of the Director of National Intelligence, Intelligence Integration
  26. ↑ Federal News Radio, Intelligence community cloud coming online in early 2013, October 10, 2012
  27. ↑ 27.0 27.1 27.2 27.3 27.4 27.5 Greenberg, Andy. "Watch Top U.S. Intelligence Officials Repeatedly Deny NSA Spying On Americans Over The Last Year (Videos)." Forbes. June 6, 2013. Retrieved on June 11, 2013. "Eight months later, Senator Ron Wyden quoted[...]"
  28. ↑ "Snowden Interview Transcript". NDR. Retrieved 27 January 2014. 
  29. ↑ "DNI Statement on Recent Unauthorized Disclosures of Classified Information". June 6, 2013. Retrieved June 6, 2013. 
  30. ↑ In Re: Application of the FBI For an Order Requiring the Production of Tangible Things From Verizon Business Network Services "Verizon forced to hand over telephone data – full court ruling." The Guardian. June 6, 2013. Retrieved on June 12, 2013.
  31. ↑ NBC NEWS EXCLUSIVE: TRANSCRIPT OF ANDREA MITCHELL’S INTERVIEW WITH DIRECTOR OF NATIONAL INTELLIGENCE JAMES CLAPPER
  32. ↑ Muñoz, Carlos. "GOP's Amash: Clapper should resign." The Hill. June 12, 2013. Retrieved on June 14, 2013.
  33. ↑ Ackerman, Spencer. "Rand Paul accuses James Clapper of lying to Congress over NSA suveillance." The Guardian. Tuesday June 18, 2013. Retrieved on June 20, 2013.
  34. ↑ "Senators' letter to US director of national intelligence James Clapper." The Guardian. Friday June 28, 2013. Retrieved on June 28, 2013.
  35. ↑ Roberts, Dan. "Senators accuse government of using 'secret law' to collect Americans' data." The Guardian. June 28, 2013. Retrieved on June 28, 2013.
  36. ↑ Roberts, Dan and Spencer Ackerman. "Clapper under pressure despite apology for 'erroneous' statements to Congress." The Guardian. Monday July 1, 2013. Retrieved on July 2, 2013.
  37. ↑ Ackerman, Spencer. "Clapper: I gave 'erroneous' answer because I forgot about Patriot Act." The Guardian. July 2, 2013. Retrieved on July 2, 2013.
  38. ↑ Greenwald, Glenn. "James Clapper, EU play-acting, and political priorities." The Guardian. Wednesday July 3, 2013. Retrieved on July 3, 2013.
  39. ↑ Westby, Jody. "Americans Must Call for Independent Counsel and Ouster of Clapper." Forbes. June 10, 2013. Retrieved on June 12, 2013.
  40. ↑ Kaplan, Fred. "Fire James Clapper." Slate. Tuesday June 11, 2013. Retrieved on June 14, 2013.
  41. ↑ Dean, John (28 June 2013). "Will Director of National Intelligence James Clapper Be Prosecuted for Lying to Congress Regarding the NSA’s Surveillance?". Justia. 
  42. ↑ Sirota, David. "James Clapper is still lying to America." Salon. Monday July 1, 2013. Retrieved on July 5, 2013.
  43. ↑ Republicans demand consequences for 'willful lie' by intelligence chief
  44. ↑ Pengelly, Martin. "Clapper did not lie to Congress on NSA, says national intelligence counsel." The Guardian. January 4, 2014. Retrieved on January 5, 2014.
  45. ↑ Knowlton, Brian. "." New York Times. January 5, 2014. Retrieved on January 5, 2014.
  46. ↑ Lawmakers to Obama: Fire your intelligence chief for lying
  47. ↑ Snowden-Interview: Transcript
  48. ↑ ""THE STRUGGLE FOR IRAQ: WEAPONS SEARCH; Iraqis Removed Arms Material, U.S. Aide Says," ''New York Times'', October 29, 2003". Nytimes.com. 2003-10-29. Retrieved 2011-03-13. 
  49. ↑ http://abcnews.go.com/WNT/video/national-security-leaders-discuss-ongoing-terror-janet-napolitano-dhs-homeland-politics-12453917,retrieved 12/21/2010
  50. ↑ Stein, Jeff (2010-12-21). "SpyTalk - Clapper flunks ABC's quiz on London terror case". Voices.washingtonpost.com. Retrieved 2011-03-13. 
  51. ↑ Gerstein, Josh (2011-02-10). "DNI Clapper retreats from 'secular' claim on Muslim Brotherhood - Josh Gerstein". Politico.Com. Retrieved 2011-03-13. 
  52. ↑ Obama Administration Corrects Clapper's Claim That Muslim Brotherhood Is 'Secular'
  53. ↑ NY Times: U.S. Escalates Pressure on Libya Amid Mixed Signals
  54. ↑ King has honoured surveillance chiefs
  55. ↑ "Usaf.Mil-Biographies: Lieutenant General James R. Clapper Jr". Af.mil. Archived from the original on 2012-07-19. Retrieved 2011-03-13. 

External links

Military offices
Preceded by
Dennis Nagy
Acting		 Director of the Defense Intelligence Agency
1991–1995 		Succeeded by
Kenneth Minihan
Political offices
Preceded by
James King		 Director of the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency
2001–2006 		Succeeded by
Robert Murrett
Preceded by
Stephen Cambone		 Under Secretary of Defense for Intelligence
2007–2010 		Succeeded by
Michael Vickers
Preceded by
David Gompert
Acting		 Director of National Intelligence
2010–present 		Incumbent
United States order of precedence (ceremonial)
Preceded by
Michael Froman
as Trade Representative		 Order of Precedence of the United States
as Director of National Intelligence 		Succeeded by
Samantha Power
as Ambassador to the United Nations
Authority control
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