James Craig Watson
| 79 Eurynome | September 14, 1863 |
| 93 Minerva | August 24, 1867 |
| 94 Aurora | September 6, 1867 |
| 100 Hekate | July 11, 1868 |
| 101 Helena | August 15, 1868 |
| 103 Hera | September 7, 1868 |
| 104 Klymene | September 13, 1868 |
| 105 Artemis | September 16, 1868 |
| 106 Dione | October 10, 1868 |
| 115 Thyra | August 6, 1871 |
| 119 Althaea | April 3, 1872 |
| 121 Hermione | May 12, 1872 |
| 128 Nemesis | November 25, 1872 |
| 132 Aethra | June 13, 1873 |
| 133 Cyrene | August 16, 1873 |
| 139 Juewa | October 10, 1874 |
| 150 Nuwa | October 18, 1875 |
| 161 Athor | April 19, 1876 |
| 168 Sibylla | September 28, 1876 |
| 174 Phaedra | September 2, 1877 |
| 175 Andromache | October 1, 1877 |
| 179 Klytaemnestra | November 11, 1877 |
James Craig Watson (January 28, 1838–November 22, 1880) was a Canadian-American astronomer born in the village of Fingal, Ontario Canada. His family relocated to Ann Arbor, Michigan in 1850.
At age 15 he was matriculated at the University of Michigan, where he studied the classical languages. He later was lectured in astronomy by professor Franz Brünnow.
He was the second director of Detroit Observatory (from 1863 to 1879), succeeding Franz Brünnow. He wrote the textbook Theoretical Astronomy in 1868.
He discovered 22 asteroids, beginning with 79 Eurynome in 1863. One of his asteroid discoveries, 139 Juewa was made in Beijing when Watson was there to observe the 1874 transit of Venus. The name Juewa was chosen by Chinese officials (瑞華, or in modern pinyin, ruìhuá). Another was 121 Hermione in 1872, from Ann Arbor, Michigan, and this asteroid was found to have a small asteroid moon in 2002.[1]
He was a strong believer in the existence of the planet Vulcan, a hypothetical planet closer to the Sun than Mercury, which is now known not to exist (however the existence of small Vulcanoid planetoids remains a possibility). He believed he had seen such two such planets during a July 1878 solar eclipse in Wyoming.
He died of peritonitis at the age of only 42. He had amassed a considerable amount of money through non-astronomical business activities. By bequest he established the James Craig Watson Medal, awarded every three years by the National Academy of Sciences for contributions to astronomy.
The asteroid 729 Watsonia is named in his honour, as is the lunar crater Watson.
References
- Richard Baum and William Sheehan (1997). In Search of Planet Vulcan, The Ghost in Newton's Clockwork Machine. ISBN 0-306-45567-6.
Notes
External links
- "Biography". Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online.
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