JL-1
| Julang-1 (JL-1), NATO : CSS-N-3 | |
|---|---|
 JL-1 and JL-2. | |
| Type | SLBM |
| Service history | |
| Used by | China |
| Production history | |
| Designer | Huang Weilu |
| Designed | 1970s |
| Manufacturer | Factory 307 (Nanjing Dawn Group) |
| Produced | 1980s |
| Specifications | |
| Length | 10.7 metres (35 ft) |
| Width | 1.4 metres (4.6 ft) |
| Warhead | nuclear |
| Blast yield | 200-300 kt? |
|
| |
| Propellant | solid fuel |
Operational range | 1,700 km (JL-1), 2,500 km (JL-1A) |
Launch platform | Xia class submarine |
The Julang-1 (Chinese: 巨浪-1; literally "Huge Wave-1"), also known as the JL-1 and in US nomenclature as the CSS-N-3, is China's first submarine-launched nuclear ballistic missile.
History
Research and development began in 1967 and detailed design in the early 1970s, with a first land launch 30 April 1982 and a sea launch from a Project 629A (Golf) class submarine on 12 October 1982. The general designer of the missile is Huang Weilu (Chinese: 黄纬禄) 1916-2011;[1] academician Chen Deren (Chinese: 陈德仁, 1922 - December 21, 2007) served as deputy chief designer. The missile was assembled at Factory 307 (Nanjing Dawn Group Limited Liability Company [南京晨光集团有限责任公司]).
The JL-1 was deployed on Xia class submarine in 1986. The Type 092 Xia class nuclear submarines have 12 launch tubes.
The JL-1 was initially tested and deployed on the PLAN's modified Golf class SSB. The Golf has since been modified again for further testing of other missiles, such as the JL-2, which has test-launched multiple times with varying levels of success.
The DF-21 appears to be a land-based version of the JL-1.
See also
References
- Norris, Robert, Burrows, Andrew, Fieldhouse, Richard "Nuclear Weapons Databook, Volume V, British, French and Chinese Nuclear Weapons, San Francisco, Westview Press, 1994, ISBN 0-8133-1612-X
- Lewis, John Wilson and Xue Litai, "China's Strategic Seapower: The Politics of Force Modernization in the Nuclear Age," Stanford, 1994.
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