Jászberény
| Jászberény | |
|---|---|
 | |
  Jászberény | |
| Coordinates: 47°30′00″N 19°55′00″E / 47.5°N 19.9167°E | |
| Country |
 Hungary |
| County | Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok |
| Area | |
| • Total | 221.35 km2 (85.46 sq mi) |
| Population (2001) | |
| • Total | 28,293 |
| • Density | 127.8/km2 (331/sq mi) |
| Time zone | CET (UTC+1) |
| • Summer (DST) | CEST (UTC+2) |
| Postal code | 5100 |
| Area code(s) | 57 |
Jászberény is a city and market centre in Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok county in Hungary.
Location
Jászberény is located in central Hungary, on the Zagyva River, a tributary of the Tisza River. It is about 100 km (62 mi) from Budapest.
History
The oldest archeological finds from the Jászság, the area around Jászberény, originate from nomadic people of the stone-age and date back 16500 years B.C. Excavations (2002) in Jászberény and Jásztelek aiming for traces of the hunter and gatherers of the mesolithicum in the northern part of the Great Hungarian Plain by Róbert Kertész detected distinct indications of settlments.[1] During this period, the climate in the region began to warm up.[1] Thus, the ice-age coniferous forests were gradually replaced by decidious forests, the eco-system changed and a new fauna was established in the Carpathian bassin.[1] Under the pressure of climate change, the formerly nomadic people settled down.[1] Traces from that time indicate that people actively planted common hazel thus establishing an early form of agriculture.[1]
Further south from the region, tillage and animal husbandry were already established during the same period.[1][2] Since the development of agriculture in the Carpathian bassin was determining for the development in Europe, this findings represent a mile-stone in archeology.[2][3]
At about 6000 B.C. permanently habitated settlements were established along the paleo-Zagyva river. Around 2800 B.C., people from further south, commanding bronce-castings began to settle the areas.[4] From that time, settlements in the form of tells are proven.[4] These represent the most northern find of that specific form.[4]
Around 400 to 300 B.C. traces of celtic people coming from the west are found in the Jászság.[4] Celtic graveyards were found near Jászberény at Hajta and Jászjákohalma.[4] During the first century A.D. Iatzygic tribes migrated from Sarmatia to the later Jászság.[4] After being defeated by the Romans during the Marcomannic Wars, the Iazyges paid tribute to Rome and they became a part of the Roman border-defence at the Limes Sarmatiae. Their settlements can be still found during the invation of the Huns in the 5th century A.D.[4] In the middle of the 6th. century, Eurasian Avars began to settle the Jász-region who in turn were pushed away around 895 by the immigrating Hungarians.[4]
During the regency of Béla IV of Hungary in the 13th century, Jasz people (sometimes mistaken for the formerly setteling Iazyges), requested permission to settle in the Carpathian bassin and were assigned the Jász-region.[4] Based on language studies, these people can be traced to Indo-Iranians origins.[5] Their former designation of Ász changed unter Turkish and Slavic influences to Jász. Their settlements ranged from the southern borders of the Mátra westward to the Gödöllő Hills (Hungarian Gödöllői-dombság), eastwards almost to the river Tisza and south to the modern-day Solnok.[4] South of them, the Kipchaks (Hungarian Kun) were settled.[4] In the 15th century, these two regions formed a castle-district with the center at Berèny, which also became county-capital of the Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok County until 1876.[4]
1536, the Jászság was attacked and conquered by Turkish forces. They established a military post at Jászberény in the remains of the former Franciscan abbey and the 1472 errected church.[6]
After the end of the Turkish rule, Leopold I sold the Jászság to the Teutonic Knights (22. March 1702) and disestablished the privileges of the county.[7] The Teutonic Knights also took Jászberény as main seat and made it the official capital of the county Jászkun, consisting out of Jászság, Kiskunság and Nagkunság.[4] In the general population, the sale was opposed. The region therefore supported Francis II Rákóczi in Rákóczi's War of Independence but, after defeat, they took to legal means, collected the required sum and bought their own county back.[4] 1745, the re-buy (redemption) was approved by Maria Theresa of Austria who also reestablished the county's privileges.[4]
As a consequence of the Hungarian Revolution of 1848, the autonomous administration of the Jászkun region were abolished again.[4] The three-part region was divided up and parts were assigned to two new counties with the capitals of Jászberény and Jászápati.[4]
1860, the region regained its self-administratino for the last time only to ultimately lose it 1877.[4] Kiskunság was divided between the Pest and the Bács comitat. Jászság and Nagykunság formed the new comitat of Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok. The new capital of the comitat became Szolnok and Jászberény lost its former importance.[4]
In the 1950s, various industrial firms chose to settle in Jászberény which had been very much an agricultural community up to this point. This development resulted in an increase in the number and type of jobs available and brought increased prosperity to the inhabitants of Jászberény. Despite the economic difficulties of recent years, Jászberény has continued to grow and has been able to invest in the necessary infrastructure. At the same time, more and more firms have chosen Jászberény as a centre for their operations. However, Jászberény not only values economic growth but has also developed into a cultural centre of national renown.
Industry
Jászberény was always famous for its refrigerator factory. It is currently owned by Electrolux. Notable companies in the city include Jász Plasztik Kft. (plastic products) and Szatmári Kft..
Transport
Jászkun Volán operates multiple routes of local buses, mostly between the city centre and the industrial district. The station for long distance buses is located in the city centre, with direct services to Budapest and various other cities. Jászberény also has a train station further away from the city centre. MÁV operates hourly services on weekdays to Hatvan and Szolnok.
International relations
Twin towns — Sister cities
Jászberény is twinned with:
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 Róbert Kertész (2002) Mesolithic Hunter-Gatherers in the Northwestern Part of the Great Hungarian Plain; PRAEHISTORIA vol. 3 (2002)
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Wolfgang Haak (2006) Populationsgenetik der ersten Bauern Mitteleuropa - Eine aDNA-Studie an neolithischem Skelettmaterial; Inauguraldissertation zur Erlangung des Akademischen Grades eines Dr. phil. an der Johannes Gutenberg Universität, Mainz; Online (PDF-Datei; 7,1 MB)
- ↑ William J. Eichmann (2004) Mesolithic Hunter-Gatherers in the Carpathian Basin and the Spread of Agriculture in Europe; Fulbright Student Conference Papers in Zusammenarbeit mit dem Archäologischen Institut der ungarischen Akademie der Wissenschaften
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9 4.10 4.11 4.12 4.13 4.14 4.15 4.16 4.17 4.18 Edit Bathó Horti et al. (1999) Das Leben im Land der Jászen, Stiftung für das Jász-Museum (Eigenverlag) ISBN 963-03-6864-1
- ↑ Documents, found 1950 in the Széchényi National Library Budapest, cound be related to the Ossetian language Online
- ↑ Self-portrait of Jászberény on the homepage of the town, read 1. September 2012
- ↑ Sammlung Breitenbach for the History of the Teutonic Knights (Online) in Landesarchiv Baden-Württemberg, read 23. July 2011
External links
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