Isopogon anethifolius

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Isopogon anethifolius
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
(unranked): Angiosperms
(unranked): Eudicots
Order: Proteales
Family: Proteaceae
Genus: Isopogon
Species: I. anethifolius
Binomial name
Isopogon anethifolius
Salisb. (Knight)
Synonyms[1]

Protea anethifolia Salisb.
Isopogon virgulatus Gand.
Isopogon globosus Gand.
Isopogon eriophorus Gand.
Atylus anethifolius (Salisb.) Kuntze

Isopogon anethifolius or narrow-leaved drumsticks is a bushy shrub that is endemic to coastal areas near Sydney, Australia and in the ranges to the immediate west. A fine-leaved shrub to 2 m (7 ft) in height, it bears yellow flower heads from September to December. It adapts readily to cultivation.

Taxonomy

Richard Salisbury described this species in 1796 as Protea anethifolia.[2] The species name is derived from the Latin words anethum "dill" and folium "leaf", from the resemblance of its leaves to those of the herb.[3] It gained its current name in 1809 when it was redescribed as the dill-leaved isopogon (Isopogon anethifolius) by English plantsman Joseph Knight in his controversial work On the cultivation of the plants belonging to the natural order of Proteeae.[4][1] Robert Brown had written of the genus Isopogon but Knight had hurried out his work before Brown's. Brown's description appeared his paper On the natural order of plants called Proteaceae in the Transactions of the Linnean Society in 1810.[5]

Isopogon anethifolius is the type species of the genus Isopogon.[6]

Genetics

As for all species in the Isopogon genus, I. anethifolius has 13 haploid chromosomes.[7]

Description

Photograph of a grey cone located at the division of two red branches
A seedpod remaining after the flower dies

Isopogon anethifolius usually grows between 1 and 3 metres (3-7 ft) tall with an erect (upright) habit,[8] generally taller on more sheltered areas such as woodlands, and shorter in more exposed areas.[9] The stems are reddish in colour, and new growth is tinged with reddish and tan tones.[10] The leaves are terete (round in cross section) and less than 1 mm in diameter. They branch once or twice in their 16 cm (6.2 in) length. The globular yellow flowerheads appear at the ends of branches in spring and early summer (September to December),[3][11] though occasionally at other times of year.[9] They are up to 4 cm (1.5 in) in diameter.[12] The individual flowers arise out of the central globe in a spiral pattern,[9] and are around 1.2 cm (0.5 in) long. Arranged in a spiral pattern, they open from the outer/bottom of the flowerhead inwards.[10] Rounded, grey cones containing the seeds appear later, formed from the old flower parts.[citation needed]

The terete leaves distinguish Isopogon anethifolius from other members of the genus, which have flat leaves and are greater than 1 mm across.[citation needed] On a microscopic level, the supporting ground tissue of I. anethifolius differs from some of its genus by its irregular mis-shapen sclereids and contorted cell body.[13]

Distribution and habitat

Isopogon anethifolius occurs in the Sydney Basin and surrounds, from Braidwood northwards to Mount Coricudgy,[8] the annual rainfall 900 to 1600 mm (35-60 in). It occurs naturally from sea level to 1200 m (4000 ft) altitude and is found on sandstone in heathland and dry sclerophyll woodland.[11] Typical trees it is associated with include the scribbly gums Eucalyptus haemastoma and E. sclerophylla and silvertop ash (E. sieberi), and heathland plants such as heath banksia (Banksia ericifolia) and dwarf she-oak (Allocasuarina nana).[11]

Ecology

Isopogon anethifolius resprouts from its woody base after bushfire. It is also serotinous - the seeds are held on the plant as a canopy-based seedbank and are released after fire. These then fall directly to the ground or are blown a short distance by wind.[11]

Leaf spotting is caused by the fungus Vizella. Flower buds may be damaged by weevils.[11]

Cultivation

Isopogon anethifolius adapts readily to horticulture, and prefers an acidic soil with extra water, though does not tolerate waterlogging. It grows best in part shade but tolerates full sun. It is moderately frost tolerant. Young plants can get leggy and respond well to pruning. Seeds germinate after 30 to 60 days.[12] Plants can take several years to flower from seed.[10] The species can be propagated by cutting.[12]

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 "Isopogon anethifolius (Salisb.) Knight". Australian Plant Name Index (APNI), IBIS database. Centre for Plant Biodiversity Research, Australian Government. Retrieved 16 February 2013. 
  2. ↑ "Protea anethifolia Salisb.". Australian Plant Name Index (APNI), IBIS database. Centre for Plant Biodiversity Research, Australian Government. Retrieved 16 February 2013. 
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Wrigley 1991, p. 428.
  4. ↑ Knight, Joseph; Salisbury, Richard (1809). On the Cultivation of the Plants Belonging to the Natural Order of Proteeae. London, United Kingdom: W. Savage. p. 94. 
  5. ↑ Wrigley 1991, p. 426.
  6. ↑ Wrigley 1991, p. 425.
  7. ↑ Ramsay, H. P. (1963). "Chromosome numbers in the proteaceae". Australian Journal of Botany 11: 1. doi:10.1071/BT9630001. 
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 New South Wales Flora Online: Isopogon anethifolius by Harden, Gwen, Royal Botanic Gardens & Domain Trust, Sydney, Australia. Retrieved 16 February 2013
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 Friends of Lane Cove National Park Inc. "Isopogon anethifolius". What's Flowering in the Park. Retrieved 18 February 2013. 
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 Fairley, Alan; Moore, Philip (1985). "Isopogon and Petrophile of New South Wales". Australian Plants 13 (104): 147–54. 
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 11.3 11.4 Benson, Doug; McDougall, Lyn (2000). "Ecology of Sydney Plant Species Part 7b: Dicotyledon families Proteaceae to Rubiaceae". Cunninghamia 6 (4): 1017–1202 [1090]. 
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 Elliot, Rodger W.; Jones, David L.; Blake, Trevor (1990). Encyclopaedia of Australian Plants Suitable for Cultivation: Vol. 5. Port Melbourne: Lothian Press. pp. 440–41. ISBN 0-85091-285-7. 
  13. ↑ Rao, T. A.; Das, S. (February 1981). "Typology and taxonomic value of foliar sclereids in the Proteaceae 1.Isopogon R. Br.". Proceedings: Plant Sciences 90 (1): 31–43. doi:10.1007/BF03052895. ISSN 0370-0097. 

Cited text

  • Wrigley, John; Fagg, Murray (1991). Banksias, Waratahs and Grevilleas. Sydney, New South Wales: Angus & Robertson. ISBN 0-207-17277-3. 

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