Islam and masturbation

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‘Istimna (استمناء) is the Arabic term for masturbation.

Schools of thought

There are varying opinions on its permissibility. It is forbidden in the Twelver school of the Shi'a denomination of Islam and all of its associated subdivisions.[1] It is considered haram according to the Maliki madh'hab. The Hanafi school has a more permissive outlook and Assim Luqman al Hakeem stated that masturbation is halal if one fears committing zina.[citation needed] According to Ibn Hazm and the Hanbali madhab, it is halal (permissible) for prisoners, travellers and for men and women who have difficulty in finding a lawful spouse and do not do it excessively.[2][3] Various scholarly thoughts concluding it being halal include the following:

Ibn al-Qayyim, a 14th century Sunni Islamic scholar:[4]

“ Ibn Aqil said: and many of our scholars have ruled that masturbation is makruh (disliked), and never explicitly said he that it was haram. ”

Next, he cites the opinion of Ibn Aqil on the conditions that make masturbation halaal:[4]

“ If a man is torn between continued desire or releasing it, and if this man does not have a wife, and he fears that he will suffer because of this (someone like a prisoner, or a traveler, or a pauper), then it is permissible for him to masturbate, and Ahmad (ibn Hanbal) is explicit on this. ”

And afterwards, Ibn al-Qayyim said:[4]

“ And the right (correct) for me is that it is illegal, because the Prophet (Peace be upon him) guided one who had a desire, and could not marry, to the fast ... ”

Those of the view that it is haraam:

Some have quoted one (1) narration from Ahmad ibn Hanbal.[5]

Qur'an

The Quran itself is silent on the subject of masturbation, however many scholars have quoted certain ayats that they claim states that masturbation is forbidden.

The Quran, chapter 23 (Al-Muminun), verse 5 to 7:
“ “And who guard their private parts, Except before their wifes or those whom their right hands possess, for they surely are not blameable, But whoever seeks to go beyond that, these are they that exceed the limits” — translated by M. H. Shakir


”

Ibn Omid Stanakzai, a 14th century Sunni Islamic scholar that Imaam Shaafi'i and those who have agreed with him have concluded that masturbation is haram from the above verse. He says:[5]

"Masturbation is excluded from these two types which Allah has made Halaal, viz. wives".

Under the exegis of this verse, Qadi Thanaullah Panipati writes:[5]

"Imam Baghawi has deduced from this Aayat that masturbation is haram."


The Quran, chapter 70 (Al-Maarij), verse 29 to 31:
“ And those who guard their private parts, Except in the case of their wives or those whom their right hands possess – for these surely are not to be blamed, But he who seeks to go beyond this, these it is that go beyond the limits— translated by M. H. Shakir


”
The Quran, chapter 24 (An-Noor), verse 33 to 33:
“ And let those who do not find the means to marry keep chaste until Allah makes them free from want out of His grace. And (as for) those who ask for a writing from among those whom your right hands possess, give them the writing if you know any good in them, and give them of the wealth of Allah which He has given you; and do not compel your slave girls to prostitution, when they desire to keep chaste, in order to seek the frail good of this world's life; and whoever compels them, then surely after their compulsion Allah is Forgiving, Merciful.— translated by M. H. Shakir


”

Hadith

Some hadith that are quoted to in support of masturbation being haram include:

A narration attributed to Abdullaah ibn Mas’ood reports:

“ We were with the Prophet while we were young and had no wealth whatsoever. So Allaah’s Messenger said, "O young people! Whoever among you can marry, should marry, because it helps him lower his gaze and guard his modesty (i.e. his private parts from committing illegal sexual intercourse etc.), and whoever is not able to marry, should fast, as fasting diminishes his sexual power." Bukhari:5066. ”

However, Prophet Muhammad recommended fasting and did not mention masturbation.

Ibn Kathir wrote in volume 5 p. 458:[5]

A narration attributed to Hasan ibn Arfah reports:

“ Nabi (Sallallaahu Álayhi Wasallam) said, 'Seven persons are such that Allah will not look at them on the Day of Qiyaamat nor will He purify them nor will He include them among the learned and Allah will enter them into Jahannam. They will enter Jahannam first except for those who repent. As those who repent Allah will accept their repentance.
  1. A person who masturbated.
  2. A person who performs the act of sodomy.
  3. The person upon whom the act of sodomy is performed.
  4. A perpetual drunkard.
  5. The person who hits his parents so much that they appeal for help.
  6. The person who harms his neighbors so much so that they curse him.
  7. The person who commits adultery with his neighbor's wife.
”

It is worth pointing out that Ibn Kathir's works are an interpretative commentary and not a part of the Quran itself.

This is a Daeef(Weak) Hadith[6]

Other quoted material include from Tafsir al-Mazhari vol. 12 p. 94:[5]

A narration attributed to Anas ibn Malik reports:

“ Rasulullah (Sallallaahu Álayhi Wasallam) said, 'The person who performs Nikah with his hands (i.e. masturbates) is cursed. ”

Quoted from those after the Sahaba

A narration attributed to Sa'id ibn Jubayr reports:

“ Rasulullah (Sallallaahu Álayhi Wasallam) said, 'Allah Taãla will inflict a punishment on a group of people because they played with their private parts.' ”

References

  1. ↑ Marriage and Morals in Islam
  2. ↑ The Lawful And The Prohibited In Islam, Yusuf Al-Qardawi - 1997
  3. ↑ The New Arab Man: Emergent Masculinities, Technologies, and Islam in the Midle East, p 168, Marcia C. Inhorn - 2012
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Bida al-Fawaid ref
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 5.8 5.9 5.10 Is masturbation Haram in Islam? What are the things to control this act
  6. ↑ Musalma bin Jafar and his teacher Hassan bin Hameed both are Daeef(weak)

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