Internet in Thailand

Thailand obtained internet access in 1996 as the third country in South East Asia. Since then, the use of the Internet has become more popular in the cities and also more accessible to different areas in the country. About 8.6 million people use the internet every day in Thailand, according to Google Thailand’s 2012 figures, and 24 million people have regular access, representing over one-third the population.^[1]

Broadband Internet is readily available in major cities and towns, including Bangkok, Chiang Mai, Pattaya, and Phuket, but is still to be sought after in smaller villages and in the countryside. As the statistics have shown, the majority of Internet users in Thailand still rely on dial-up access. TOT operates a nationwide local rate number, 1222, allowing dialing to most Internet service providers. Dial-up prepaid Internet packs can be readily bought in convenience stores and other places. Subscribers of fixed telephone lines by True Corporation have access to dial up Internet by dialing a certain number and then being billed on their normal telephone bill.

The majority of broadband Internet access uses Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line (ADSL). Some areas are covered by Cable Modems and G.shdsl. Consumer broadband Internet bandwidth ranges from 2 Mbit/s to 50 Mbit/s (Up to 200 Mbit/s in some major cities especially Bangkok, Chiang Mai, Pattaya, Phuket). Medium and large businesses use Leased Lines or Ethernet Internet/MPLS where fiber optic cables link many office buildings in the central business district areas such as Sukhumvit, Silom and Sathorn areas to the Thailand Internet backbone. Universities have access to fast Internet access, including the Trans-Eurasia Information Network (TEIN2) research network.

A 3G UMTS/HSDPA network was launched in Bangkok and its vicinity in December 2009 with speed up to 7.2 Mbit/s on the 2100 MHz band. In the late 2011, Telephone Organization of Thailand released 3G on HSPA+ technology covering all areas in Bangkok with the speed of up to 42 Mbit/s. Major mobile network operators in Thailand also have released their 3G services at around the same time on the 850 MHz and 900 MHz bands with the same technology and connection speed. There are initiatives to offer mainstream FTTH (Fiber to the Home) providing bandwidth of up to 100 Mbit/s bundled with IPTV and VoIP. FTTH with speeds up to 30 Mbit/s is available in limited areas in major cities, including Bangkok, Phuket, Chiang Mai.

Thailand saw a rapid growth in the number of broadband users in 2005 with the initiation of unmetered broadband in 2004.^[2] There are 1,116,000 (2008) Internet hosts in Thailand being the highest in South East Asia.^[3]

Thais spend an average of 16 hours dedicated to internet time per week.^[4]

Internet Domain Names

• Country code top-level Domain (ccTLD): .th
  • Second Level Domains
    • .ac for Academic Institutions
    • .co for Commercial Companies
    • .in for Individuals or any others (from 2002)
    • .go for Governmental Organizations
    • .mi for Military Organizations
    • .or for Registered Non-profit Organizations
    • .net for officially registered Internet Service Providers

Internet Backbones

International & Domestic Bandwidth^[5]

As of November 2009, Thailand had a total international Internet bandwidth of 106,787 Mbit/s. Thailand domestic Internet bandwidth was significantly higher at 607,526 Mbit/s.^[6] This is because of an increase in provision of local contents. Internet users in Thailand usually get maximum speed of their connection to content providers within Thailand with very minimal ping of 5-50ms but a speed of 70% or less for international connection with higher pings of 70-400ms.

The amount of international bandwidth has recently increased dramatically due to the popularity of social networking services such as YouTube, Hi5, Twitter, Facebook and increased number of broadband Internet subscribers.

International Gateways

There are 10 international Internet gateway operators in Thailand.

True Corporation and Shin Corporation were granted Type II International Internet Gateway and Internet Exchange Service License from the NTC (National Telecommunication Committee) in 2005. CAT Telecom holds the largest share of the market.^[7]

Domestic Internet Exchange

There are 10 domestic Internet Exchange Points in Thailand.^[8]

• Advance Datanetwork Communication National Internet Exchange (ADC-NIX)
• BB Connect National Internet Exchange by BB Connect (BBConnect-NIX)
• CAT Telecom National Internet Exchange by CAT (CAT-NIX)
• CS Loxinfo National Internet Exchange (CSL-NIX)
• Symphony National Internet Exchange (Symphony-NIX)
• Super Broadband Network (SBN) Internet Exchange (SBN-NIX)
• TCCT National Internet Exchange by TCC Technology (TCCT-NIX)
• TOT National Internet Exchange by TOT (TOT-NIX)
• True Internet Gateway National Internet Exchange (TIG-NIX)
• JasTel National Internet Exchange (JASTEL-NIX)
• NECTEC IIR Public Internet Exchange (PIE, Research Only)

Before 2003, IIR Public Internet Exchange was the largest Internet exchange point in Thailand. As of August 2003, it is mandatory for all ISP to have a presence in the National Internet Exchange (CAT-NIX) operated by CAT Telecom. CAT-NIX, TIG-NIX, TOT-NIX and TTGN-NIX are primary Internet exchanges used by commercial Internet service providers. CAT-NIX is now largest Internet exchange point in Thailand with more than 100Gbit/s domestic bandwidth to all ISP. Links between different Internet exchanges are now setup, reducing domestic bandwidth costs.

The IIR Public Internet Exchange is now maintained by NECTEC and is used only for academic and research purposes. The only commercial Internet service provider connected to the IIR Public Internet Exchange is Internet Thailand.

Internet Service Providers

Rights to operate as an Internet service provider in Thailand are granted by the NTC (National Telecommunications Council).^[9]

Most of broadband Internet access in Thailand is offered through ADSL technology. Previously before 2002, broadband Internet access was offered at more than 25,000 Baht a month for a typical speed of 256 kbit/s. Later in 2002, TOT sparked a low-cost broadband Internet war that caused rapid growth in broadband Internet demands and has changed the way all the ISPs operate. With a ground-breaking price for an unlimited 256 kbit/s, TOT gained its popularity among online gamers in Thailand. However, TOT was unable to provide services to the majority of people in Bangkok due to the fact that half of the fixed line telephone system was operated by Telecom Asia Co.,Ltd (now known as True Corp) under a concession. At the same time, Asia InfoNet has started its own ADSL service with a "free online game airtime" strategy since they also operate Ragnarok Online, the most famous online game at that time. Outside of Bangkok, TT&T teamed up with CAT Telecom to provide unlimited 2 Mbit/s ADSL service after three months of operation.

It is commonly believed that the popularity of online gaming at that time was the ignition for the demands of broadband Internet in Thailand.^{[citation needed]}

Most broadband Internet users in Thailand complain about the ISPs not being able to provide the speeds they promised. Many Internet service providers have high contention ratios on home ADSL packages, sometimes up to 1:50. There was also limited international bandwidth due to CAT Telecom being the sole provider of international Internet gateway, but this has improved since the liberalization of Internet gateway operations in 2005. At that time, most ISPs focus on expanding their domestic connections to accommodate online gaming demands. This led to a come-back of premium ADSL packages at a higher price point for premium home users and corporate customers. Although many users still argue that these packages will still not improve the international bandwitdh availability for home users. Internet service providers are usually also criticized for throttling BitTorrent traffic.

Recently, there were dramatic increases in international bandwidth after the NTC authorized more ISPs to set up their own international Internet gateways to cope with the growth in demand for contents requiring higher bandwidth.

In early 2009, Jasmine International launched ADSL services under the '3BB' brand in major cities offering speeds up to 3 Mbit/s for 590 Baht. This prompted True Internet to expand their services to 8 Mbit/s from 5 Mbit/s and matched 3BB prices.

In mid-2009, 3BB offers minimum speed 4 Mbit/s for 590 Baht and expand their services from 8 Mbit/s to 10 Mbit/s 1,490 Baht / month, prompting True Internet to temporarily offer free upgrades for current 8 Mbit/s users to 12 Mbit/s. All of Maxnet's customers were also transferred to 3BB as part of the TT&T debt rehabilitation plan proposed by the debt holders. As of October 2009, True offers speeds up to 16 Mbit/s.

TOT and ADC have a local loop unbundling agreement allowing for ADC to provide ADSL services on TOT phone lines. Since most telephone wires in major cities are still on poles and not underground, there is no limit to how many phone lines can enter a building. This has prompted for many Internet service providers to offer DSL services without any phone services. A new wire is simply run to the premises requiring the service, bypassing the need for any further local loop unbundling agreements.

Wired

Wireless

Note: For 3G, Only CAT, Hutch, TOT and its MVNOs are considered as legally commercial service. In 2012, The National Broadcasting and Telecommunications Commission (NBTC) held an auction and approved 2100 MHz licenses to 3 operators (Advanced Wireless Network of Advanced Info Service (AIS), DTAC Network of Total Access Communication (DTAC), and Real Future of True Corp)^[18] and 3G service under 2100 MHz is expected to operated by Q2 of 2013.

Internet Data Centers (IDC)

This section lists the commercial Internet data centers in Thailand.

See also

Telecommunications in Thailand

References

1. ↑ http://investvine.com/3g-has-power-to-revolutionise-media-savvy-thailand/
2. ↑ Thailand: Rapid Growth in Broadband Use
3. ↑ CIA World Factbook: Internet Hosts
4. ↑ Maierbrugger, Arno (25 June 2013). "Thais prefer internet over telly, study says". Inside Investor. Retrieved 25 June 2013. 
5. ↑ NECTEC IIR Current Internet Map
6. ↑ http://internet.nectec.or.th/internetmap/map/internationalmap/inetmap112009_international.png
7. ↑ NECTEC IIR Current Internet Map
8. ↑ http://internet.nectec.or.th/internetmap/map/domesticmap/inetmap112009_domestic.png
9. ↑ ISP List by CAT Telecom
10. ↑ http://www.trueonline.com/en/package.aspx
11. ↑ http://www.trueonline.com/ultrahispeed/th/promotion-and-packages.aspx
12. ↑ http://www.3bb.co.th/product/adsl/select.php
13. ↑ http://www.3bb.co.th/product/product_detail.php?lang=&id=2253
14. ↑ http://www.tot.co.th/index.php?option=com_linkcontent&Itemid=88&categoryid=42&task=detail&detail_id=1068&lang=th
15. ↑ http://www.ksc.net/EN/AboutUs.html
16. ↑ http://www.inet.co.th/eng/about/index.php
17. ↑ http://www.thai-fi.com
18. ↑ http://www.nationmultimedia.com/business/NBTC-committee-approves-3G-licences-30195788.html