Interacting particle system

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In probability theory, an interacting particle system (IPS) is a stochastic process $(X(t))_{{t\in {\mathbb R}^{+}}}$ on some configuration space $\Omega =S^{G}$ given by a site space, a countable-infinite graph $G$ and a local state space, a compact metric space $S$ . More precisely IPS are continuous-time Markov jump processes describing the collective behavior of stochastically interacting components. IPS are the continuous-time analogue of stochastic cellular automata. Among the main examples are the voter model, the contact process, the asymmetric simple exclusion process (ASEP), the Glauberdynamics and in particular the stochastic Ising model.

IPS are usually defined via their Markov generator giving rise a unique Markov process using Markov semigroups and the Hille-Yosida theorem. The generator again is given via so-called transition rates $c_{\Lambda }(\eta ,\xi )>0$ where $\Lambda \subset G$ is a finite set of sites and $\eta ,\xi \in \Omega$ with $\eta _{i}=\xi _{i}$ for all $i\notin \Lambda$ . The rates describe exponential waiting times of the process to jump from configuration $\eta$ into configuration $\xi$ . More generally the transition rates are given in form of a finite measure $c_{\Lambda }(\eta ,d\xi )$ on $S^{\Lambda }$ . The generator $L$ of an IPS has the following form: Let $f$ be an observable in the domain of $L$ which is a subset of the real valued continuous function on the configuration space, then

$Lf(\eta )=\sum _{\Lambda }\int _{{\xi :\xi _{{\Lambda ^{c}}}=\eta _{{\Lambda ^{c}}}}}c_{\Lambda }(\eta ,d\xi )[f(\xi )-f(\eta )]$ .

For example for the stochastic Ising model we have $G={\mathbb Z}^{d}$ , $S=\{-1,+1\}$ , $c_{\Lambda }=0$ if $\Lambda \neq \{i\}$ for some $i\in G$ and

$c_{i}(\eta ,\eta ^{i})=\exp[-\beta \sum _{{j:|j-i|=1}}\eta _{i}\eta _{j}]$

where $\eta ^{i}$ is the configuration equal to $\eta$ except it is flipped at site $i$ . $\beta$ is a new parameter modeling the inverse temperature.

References

Liggett, Thomas M. (1997). "Stochastic Models of Interacting Systems". The Annals of Probability (Institute of Mathematical Statistics) 25 (1): 1–29. doi:10.2307/2959527. ISSN 0091-1798.
Liggett, Thomas M. (1985). Interacting Particle Systems. New York: Springer Verlag. ISBN 0-387-96069-4.

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