Indriidae

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Indridae[1]
Temporal range: Pleistocene to Recent
Indri (Indri indri)
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Primates
Suborder: Strepsirrhini
Infraorder: Lemuriformes
Family: Indriidae
Burnett, 1828
Genera

Indri
Avahi
Propithecus

Synonyms[2]
  • Lichanotina Gray, 1825
  • Indrisina Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1851
  • Indrisidae Alston, 1878
  • Indrisinae Mivart, 1864
  • Indriidae Hill, 1953
  • Indriinae Hill, 1953
  • Propitheci Winge, 1895
  • Propithecinae Trouessart, 1897

The Indriidae (sometimes incorrectly spelled Indridae[3]) are a family of strepsirrhine primates. They are medium to large sized lemurs with only four teeth in the toothcomb instead of the usual six. Indriids, like all lemurs, live exclusively on the island of Madagascar.

Characteristics

The ten extant indrid species vary considerably in size. Not counting the length of their tails, the avahis are only 30 centimetres (12 in) in length, while the Indri is the largest extant strepsirrhine. The tail of the Indri is only a stub, while avahi and the sifaka tails are as long as their bodies. Their fur is long and mostly from whitish over reddish up to grey. Their black faces, however, are always bald. The hind legs are longer than their fore limbs, their hands are long and thin, and their thumb cannot be opposed to the other fingers correctly.

All species are arboreal, though they do come to the ground occasionally. When on the ground, they stand upright and move with short hops forward, with their arms held high. In the trees, though, they can make extraordinary leaps and are extremely agile, able to change direction from tree to tree. Like most leaf eaters they adjust for the low nutrient content of their food by long rests. Often they can be seen lying stretched on trees sunning themselves. Indrids live together in family federations from two to 15 animals, communicating with roars and also with facial expressions.

Indrids are herbivores, eating mostly leaves, fruits and flowers. Like some other herbivores, they have a large cecum, containing bacteria that ferment cellulose, allowing for more efficient digestion of plant matter.[4] They have fewer premolar teeth than other lemurs, with the dental formula of: 2.1.2.32.1.2.3

Females and males usually mate monogamously for many years. Mostly at the end of the dry season, their four to five-month gestation ends with the birth of a single offspring, which lives in the family for a while after its weaning (at the age of five to six months).

Classification

Main article: List of lemur species

There are 19 living species in the family, divided into 3 genera.[1][5]

Family Indriidae

  • Genus Indri
  • Genus Avahi, woolly lemurs
    • Bemaraha Woolly Lemur, Avahi cleesei
    • Eastern Woolly Lemur, Avahi laniger
    • Moore's Woolly Lemur, Avahi mooreorum
    • Western Woolly Lemur, Avahi occidentalis
    • Sambirano Woolly Lemur, Avahi unicolor
    • Peyrieras' Woolly Lemur, Avahi peyrierasi
    • Southern Woolly Lemur, Avahi meridionalis
    • Ramanantsoavana's Woolly Lemur, Avahi ramanantsoavani
    • Betsileo Woolly Lemur, Avahi betsileo
  • Genus Propithecus, sifakas
    • Propithecus diadema group
      • Diademed Sifaka, Propithecus diadema
      • Silky Sifaka, Propithecus candidus
      • Milne-Edwards' Sifaka, Propithecus edwardsi
      • Perrier's Sifaka, Propithecus perrieri
      • Golden-crowned Sifaka, Propithecus tattersalli
    • Propithecus verreauxi group
      • Verreaux's Sifaka, Propithecus verreauxi
      • Coquerel's Sifaka, Propithecus coquereli
      • Decken's Sifaka, Propithecus deckenii
      • Crowned Sifaka, Propithecus coronatus

See also

  • Holocene extinction event

References

Wikispecies has information related to: Indridae
  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Groves, C. P. (2005). Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M, eds. Mammal Species of the World (3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 119–121. OCLC 62265494. ISBN 0-801-88221-4. 
  2. ↑ McKenna, MC; Bell, SK (1997). Classification of Mammals: Above the Species Level. Columbia University Press. p. 336. ISBN 0-231-11013-8. 
  3. ↑ "Official Lists and Indexes of Names in Zoology". International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature. p. 132. Retrieved 14 January 2010. 
  4. ↑ Pollock, J.I. (1984). Macdonald, D., ed. The Encyclopedia of Mammals. New York: Facts on File. pp. 327–329. ISBN 0-87196-871-1. 
  5. ↑ Mittermeier, R. A. et al. (2008). "Lemur Diversity in Madagascar". International Journal of Primatology 29 (6): 1607–1656. doi:10.1007/s10764-008-9317-y. 
Extant primate families by suborder
Strepsirrhini
Haplorhini
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