Indo-Bangladesh enclaves

Simplified map of part of the border area, near 26°15′43″N 88°45′6″E / 26.26194°N 88.75167°E / 26.26194; 88.75167, showing some of the larger Indian enclaves in Bangladesh. There are many smaller enclaves in this region which are not shown.

More complete map of the exclaves. Top of the map is east, India is orange and Bangladesh is cyan.

One third-order enclave exists, called Dahala Khagrabari #51: a piece of India within Bangladesh, within India, within Bangladesh. It is less than 7000 square meters, or 1.7 acres, in size and was the site of a jute field. It is the world's only third-order enclave. 28 other enclaves within the overall complex each are smaller. (Maps)

The Indo-Bangladesh enclaves, also known as the chitmahals (Bengali: ছিটমহল chitmôhol), are the enclaves along the Bangladesh–India border, in Bangladesh and the Indian state of West Bengal.

There are 106 Indian enclaves and 92 Bangladeshi enclaves. Inside the main part of Bangladesh, 102 of these are first-order Indian enclaves, while inside the main part of India, 71 of these are Bangladeshi first-order enclaves. Further inside these enclaves are an additional 24 second order- or counter-enclaves (21 Bangladeshi, 3 Indian) and one Indian counter-counter-enclave, called Dahala Khagrabari #51. They have an estimated combined population between 50,000 and 100,000.^[1]

In September 2011, the Prime Ministers of the two countries (Manmohan Singh of India and Sheikh Hasina of Bangladesh) signed an accord on border demarcation and exchange of adversely held enclaves; however, the Indian parliament has yet to ratify it. Under this intended agreement, the enclave residents could continue to reside at their present location or move to the country of their choice.^[2]

History

According to an unverified popular legend, the enclaves were used as stakes in card or chess games centuries ago between two regional kings, the Raja of Koch Bihar and the Maharaja of Rangpur.^[1] As far as history records, the little territories were apparently the result of a confused outcome of a 1713 treaty between the Kingdom of Koch Bihar and the Mughal Empire. Possibly, the Kingdom and the Mughals ended a war without determining a single boundary for what territories had been gained or lost.^[3]

After the partition of India in 1947, Rangpur was joined to East Pakistan, and Koch Bihar was merged in 1949 with India. The desire to "de-enclave" most of the enclaves was manifested in a 1958 agreement for an exchange between India and Pakistan, but the matter then worked into a Supreme Court case in India.^[1] With that agreement unratified, the negotiations had to restart after East Pakistan became independent as Bangladesh in 1971. In 1974, both countries agreed either to exchange the enclaves or at least to provide easy access to the enclaves; Bangladesh quickly ratified, but in India the matter was rife with political sensitivity, and little materialised.^[1] Talks between the two countries on the issue resumed in 2001, but the lack of a concrete time frame relegated the issue to the back burner.

The residents of the enclaves live in abysmal conditions, with a lack of water, roads, electricity, schools and medicines. Crime also is rampant, as complaining would mean crossing the international boundary due to the lack of law enforcement resources. Residents of the enclaves may go to their respective countries only on the production of an identity card, after seeking permission from the border guards, causing much resentment. Recently the countries have moved towards an agreement to absorb the enclaves, but the resulting nationality of the current residents remains an impediment, as it could have implications for border disputes in other parts of the region.^[4]

In September 2011, the governments of India and Bangladesh announced an intention to resolve the issue by means of swapping 162 enclaves, giving residents a choice of nationality.^[5][6] India will receive 51 enclaves (out of 74 Bangladeshi chhits inside India proper) of 7,110 acres, while Bangladesh will get 111 enclaves (out of the 119 Indian chhits inside Bangladesh proper) of 17,149 acres.^[7] Apparently Bangladesh would retain the 4617 acres of its Dahagram-Angarpota exclave. India planned to submit a constitutional amendment to Parliament to approve the agreement in August 2013.^[8] Bangladesh has already ratified the agreement.^[9] The bill was submitted to the India's Rajya Sabha on 18 December 2013.^[10]

Notable enclaves

Bangladesh

Dahagram–Angarpota: The largest Bangladeshi composite enclave (combining the first- and third-largest Bangladeshi chhits by area), administered as part of Patgram upazila in Lalmonirhat zila, lies within the Indian province of West Bengal. It is separated from the contiguous area of Bangladesh at its closest point by less than 200 meters. The enclave has an area of 25.95 km² (10 sq mi) with a resident population of 20,000 people. The enclave lacks all facilities. The lone health complex remains virtually useless for lack of power supply, as India refused to allow Bangladesh to run power lines to the enclave.

The Tin-Bigha Corridor, the 178 x 85 meter strip of Indian territory separating the Dahagram–Angarpota composite enclave from other Bangladeshi territory, was leased to Bangladesh for 999 years for access to the enclave. It is available for use by the residents of Dahagram–Angarpota during specified hours of the day.^[1]

India

Dasiar Chhara, the fourth largest Indian chhit by area, is the largest stand-alone Indian enclave (i.e., not a composite of adjoining chhits). It lies 3 km (2 mi) from the main part of India and has an area of 6.65 km² (3 sq mi).

According to the Census Report issued by Bharat Bangladesh Enclave Exchange Co-ordination Committee (31 July 2010), the total population of 9510 includes: male 4941, female 4569; Hindu 640, Muslim 8870; cultivator 2426, non-cultivator 840; literate 4148; disabled 6; with Indian EPIC 193, with BD EPIC 1173; under 5 years 378; 6 to 18 years 1072.

List of enclaves and exclaves

Bangladesh

In order to distinguish chhits having the same names, serial numbers established by Banerjee (1966)^[11] are shown in parentheses, as (#). The Bangladesh series is separate from the India series.

With 4 exceptions (Chhat Tilai, Baikunthapur Teldhar (#3, #4, #5)), the first-order enclaves, including the 3 composite enclaves, lie entirely within the Cooch Behar District of West Bengal state, India. All 21 counter-enclaves lie within the Rangpur Division of Bangladesh.

Bangladeshi Chhits Within Indian Territory[1]	Area (km2)	Notes
Dahagram-Angarpota	18.684	Largest composite exclave of Bangladesh within India, comprises the contiguous Dahagram and Angarpota chhits.
Dahagram❋	15.690	Largest chhit of Bangladesh, part of the Dahagram-Angarpota composite exclave within India.
Nalgram	7.705	Composite exclave of Bangladesh within India, comprises the contiguous Falnapur and Nalgram (#52) chhits.
Nalgram (#52)❋	5.655	Part of the Nalgram composite exclave within India (area includes 2 other smaller chhits, each itself an exclave and true enclave, each also named Nalgram (#53, #54)). Surrounds the Indian counter-enclave, Nalgram Chhit (#111).
Nalgram (#53)	see above	First-order enclave within India, area combined with that shown for the larger Nalgram (#52).
Nalgram (#54)	see above	First-order enclave within India, area combined with that shown for the larger Nalgram (#52).
Angarpota❋	2.994	Part of the Dahagram-Angarpota composite exclave within India.
Dakshin Masaldanga	<2.797	Composite exclave of Bangladesh within India, comprises the contiguous Kachua and Dakshin Masaldanga (#74) chhits.
Poaturkuthi	2.387	First-order enclave within India.
Batrigach (#59)	2.337	First-order enclave within India (area includes the smaller Batrigach (#60), itself an exclave and true enclave). Surrounds the Indian counter-enclave, Madnakura Chhit in Bhoti Nath Batrigach.
Batrigach (#60)	see above	First-order enclave within India, area combined with that shown for the larger Batrigach (#59).
Dakshin Masaldanga (#74)❋	2.312	Part of the Dakshin Masaldanga composite exclave (along with Kachua chhit) within India; area includes 6 other smaller chhits, each also named Dakshin Masaldanga (#73, 75, 76, 77, 78 & 90), each itself an exclave and true enclave.
Dakshin Masaldanga (#73)	see above	First-order enclave within India, area combined with that shown for the larger Dakshin Masaldanga (#74).
Dakshin Masaldanga (#75)	see above	First-order enclave within India, area combined with that shown for the larger Dakshin Masaldanga (#74).
Dakshin Masaldanga (#76)	see above	First-order enclave within India, area combined with that shown for the larger Dakshin Masaldanga (#74).
Dakshin Masaldanga (#77)	see above	First-order enclave within India, area combined with that shown for the larger Dakshin Masaldanga (#74).
Dakshin Masaldanga (#78)	see above	First-order enclave within India, area combined with that shown for the larger Dakshin Masaldanga (#74).
Dakshin Masaldanga (#90)	see above	First-order enclave within India, area combined with that shown for the larger Dakshin Masaldanga (#74).
Falnapur❋	2.050	Part of the Nalgram composite exclave within India.
Sibprasad Mustafi (#67)	1.510	First-order enclave within India (area includes the smaller Sibprasad Mustafi (#68), itself an exclave and true enclave).
Sibprasad Mustafi (#68)	see above	First-order enclave within India, area combined with that shown for the larger Sibprasad Mustafi (#67).
Chhit Kuchlibari	1.500	First-order enclave within India.
Bala Pukhari	1.342	First-order enclave within India.
Karala (#63)	1.092	First-order enclave within India (area includes 2 other smaller chhits, each itself an exclave and true enclave, each also named Karala (#64, #65)).
Karala (#64)	see above	First-order enclave within India, area combined with that shown for the larger Karala (#63).
Karala (#65)	see above	First-order enclave within India, area combined with that shown for the larger Karala (#63).
Kismat Batrigach	0.850	First-order enclave within India.
Dhabalsati Mirgipur	0.704	First-order enclave within India.
Upan Chowki Bhajni, 111	0.685	Counter-exclave surrounded by and sharing borders with two contiguous Indian chhits, Balapara Khagrabari (#42) and Kothajni (#43) (both within the composite exclave named "Balapara Khagrabari" in the Panchagarh District of Bangladesh).
Purba Masaldanga (#87)	0.623	First-order enclave within India (area includes the smaller Purba Masaldanga (#86), itself an exclave and true enclave). A map from the 1930s and a 1940 source[12] imply that Purba Masaldanga (#86) and (#87) form a single enclave. However, topographic mapping and other sources suggest two enclaves, as listed here, but if joined, they are connected across the narrowest gap separating them, along a beel (marshy former river course).[1]
Purba Masaldanga (#86)	see above	First-order enclave within India, area combined with that shown for the larger Purba Masaldanga (#87).
Paschim Bakalir Chhara	0.615	First-order enclave within India.
Madhya Masaldanga	0.553	First-order enclave within India. Surrounds the Indian counter-enclave, Chhit Seoruguri.
Mahishmari	0.497	First-order enclave within India.
Kachua❋	0.485	Part of the Dakshin Masaldanga composite exclave (along with Dakshin Masaldanga #74) within India.
Upan Chowki Bhajni, 110	0.449	Counter-enclave surrounded by an Indian exclave, Dahala Khagrabari (#47), located within the Panchagarh District of Bangladesh. It surrounds the only counter-counter-enclave in the world, Dahala Khagrabari (#51).
Chhit Panbari	0.439	First-order enclave within India.
Jote Nijjama	0.354	First-order enclave within India; although not definite, it possibly forms an international quadripoint (one point in common with four different areas) of Bangladesh and India: two parts of Patgram thana (main part and the Jote Nijjama enclave itself) in Lalmonirhat District and two parts of Mekhliganj thana in Mekhliganj subdivision, Cooch Behar District, India.
Chhat Tilai	0.330	First-order enclave within India, straddling the border of Cooch Behar District (West Bengal) and Dhubri District (Assam).
Upan Chowki Bhajni, 22	0.292	Counter-enclave surrounded by an Indian exclave, Dahala Khagrabari (#47), located within the Panchagarh District of Bangladesh.
Chhit Land of Jagatber No. 3	0.283	First-order enclave within India.
Chhit Dhabalsati	0.269	First-order enclave within India.
Dhabalsati (#32)	0.245	First-order enclave within India.
Baikunthapur Teldhar (#4)	0.210	First-order enclave within Jalpaiguri District, West Bengal, India (area includes 2 other smaller chhits, each itself an exclave and true enclave, each also named Baikunthapur Teldhar (#3, #5)).
Baikunthapur Teldhar (#3)	see above	First-order enclave within Jalpaiguri District, West Bengal, India (area combined with that shown for the larger Baikunthapur Teldhar (#4)).
Baikunthapur Teldhar (#5)	see above	First-order enclave within Jalpaiguri District, West Bengal, India (area combined with that shown for the larger Baikunthapur Teldhar (#4)).
Chhit Nalgram (#55)	0.200	First-order enclave within India (area includes Chhit Nalgram (#56), itself an exclave and true enclave).
Chhit Nalgram (#56)	see above	First-order enclave within India, area combined with that shown for Chhit Nalgram (#55).
Uttar Bansjani	0.191	First-order enclave within India.
Chhit Bhandardaha	0.162	First-order enclave within India.
Upan Chowki Bhajni, 113	0.148	Counter-exclave surrounded by and sharing a border with two contiguous Indian exclaves, Balapara Khagrabari (#42) and Kothajni (#43) (both within the composite exclave named "Balapara Khagrabari" in the Panchagarh District of Bangladesh).
Purba Chhit Masaldanga (#84)	0.142	First-order enclave within India (area includes the smaller Purba Chhit Masaldanga (#83), itself an exclave and true enclave).
Purba Chhit Masaldanga (#83)	see above	First-order enclave within India, area combined with that shown for the larger Purba Chhit Masaldanga (#84).
Bara Saradubi	0.141	First-order enclave within India; forms an international quadripoint (one point in common with four different areas) of Bangladesh and India: two parts of Hatibandha thana (main part and the Bara Saradubi enclave itself) in Lalmonirhat District and two parts of Sitalkuchi thana in Mathabhanga subdivision, Cooch Behar District, India.
Chandrakhan	0.140	Counter-enclave surrounded by an Indian true enclave/exclave, Dasiar Chhara (#117), located within the Kurigram District of Bangladesh.
Madhya Bakalir Chhara	0.132	First-order enclave within India.
Chhit Land of Jagatber No. 1	0.124	First-order enclave within India.
Chhit Kokoabari	0.1193	First-order enclave within India.
Paschim Masaldanga (#79)	0.1193	First-order enclave within India (area includes Paschim Masaldanga (#80), itself an exclave and true enclave).
Paschim Masaldanga (#80)	see above	First-order enclave within India, area combined with that shown for Paschim Masaldanga (#79).
Uttar Masaldanga	0.1104	First-order enclave within India.
Chhit Land of Jagatber No. 2	0.1096	First-order enclave within India.
Chhit Land of Dhabalguri No. 2	0.1086	First-order enclave within India.
Bansua Khamar Gitaldaha	0.0993	First-order enclave within India.
Uttar Dhaldanga (#93)	0.0966	First-order enclave within India (area includes 2 other smaller chhits, each itself an exclave and true enclave, each also named Uttar Dhaldanga (#92, #94)).
Uttar Dhaldanga (#92)	see above	First-order enclave within India, area combined with that shown for the larger Uttar Dhaldanga (#93).
Uttar Dhaldanga (#94)	see above	First-order enclave within India, area combined with that shown for the larger Uttar Dhaldanga (#93).
Chhit Dhabalguri	0.0903	First-order enclave within India.
Durgapur	0.0848	First-order enclave within India.
Nazirganj (#10)	0.0799 †	Counter-enclave surrounded by an Indian exclave, Bewladanga (#39), located within the Panchagarh District of Bangladesh.
Teldhar (#1)	0.0586	Counter-enclave surrounded by an Indian true enclave/exclave, Garati (#1), located within the Panchagarh District of Bangladesh (area includes the smaller Teldhar (#2), itself an exclave and true enclave).
Teldhar (#2)	see above	Counter-enclave surrounded by an Indian true enclave/exclave, Garati (#1), located within the Panchagarh District of Bangladesh, area combined with that shown for the larger Teldhar (#1).
Upan Chowki Bhajni, 112	0.0571	Counter-enclave surrounded by an Indian exclave, Kothajni (#43), located within the Panchagarh District of Bangladesh.
Chhit Land of Dhabalguri No. 1	0.0565	First-order enclave within India.
Dhabalguri	0.0506	First-order enclave within India.
Purba Bakalir Chhara	0.0495	First-order enclave within India.
Madhya Chhit Masaldanga	0.0480	First-order enclave within India.
Jongra	0.0334	Counter-enclave surrounded by an Indian true enclave/exclave, Banskata (#93), located within the Lalmonirhat District of Bangladesh.
Paschim Chhit Masaldanga	0.0308	First-order enclave within India.
Debi Doba	0.0302	Counter-enclave surrounded by an Indian exclave, Dahala Khagrabari (#47), located within the Panchagarh District of Bangladesh.
Nazirganj −29	0.0265	Counter-enclave surrounded by an Indian true enclave/exclave, Nazirganj (#27), located within the Panchagarh District of Bangladesh.
Debottar Saldanga	0.0247	Counter-enclave surrounded by an Indian exclave, Bewladanga (#39), located within the Panchagarh District of Bangladesh.
Chhit Land of Dhabalguri No. 4	0.0184	First-order enclave within India.
Chhit Land of Dhabalguri No. 5	0.0167	First-order enclave within India.
Bamandal	0.0089	First-order enclave within India.
Chhit Land of Kuchlibari	0.0074	First-order enclave within India.
Upan Chowki Bhajni, 99	0.0071	Counter-enclave surrounded by an Indian exclave, Kothajni (#43), located within the Panchagarh District of Bangladesh.
Dhabalsati (#33)	0.0065	Counter-enclave surrounded by an Indian exclave, Bara Khangir (#66), located within the Lalmonirhat District of Bangladesh.
Nazirganj (#8)	0.0062 †	Counter-enclave surrounded by an Indian exclave, Shalbari (#35), located within the Panchagarh District of Bangladesh.
Upan Chowki Bhajni, 13	0.0054	Counter-enclave surrounded by an Indian exclave, Kothajni (#43), located within the Panchagarh District of Bangladesh.
Chhit Land of Dhabalguri No. 3	0.0054	First-order enclave within India.
Amjhol	0.0051	First-order enclave within India.
Chhit Land of Panbari No. 2	0.0046	First-order enclave within India.
Nazirganj −30	0.0046	Counter-enclave surrounded by an Indian true enclave/exclave, Nazirganj (#19), located within the Panchagarh District of Bangladesh.
Srirampur	0.0042	First-order enclave within India.
Upan Chowki Bhajni, 15	0.0041	Counter-enclave surrounded by an Indian exclave, Dahala Khagrabari (#47), located within the Panchagarh District of Bangladesh.
Nazirganj (#9)	0.00291 †	Counter-enclave surrounded by an Indian exclave, Shalbari (#35), located within the Panchagarh District of Bangladesh.
Upan Chowki Bhajni, 24	0.00287	Smallest known chhit of Bangladesh, a counter-enclave surrounded by an Indian exclave, Kothajni (#43), located within the Panchagarh District of Bangladesh.

❋ This chhit is part of a composite enclave and by itself is neither an enclave nor an exclave.

† Stated size may not be exact.^[1]

India

The 102 first-order enclaves (including the 6 composite enclaves) and the 1 counter-counter enclave lie within the Rangpur Division of Bangladesh. The 3 counter-enclaves lie within the Cooch Behar District of West Bengal state, India. In order to distinguish chhits having the same names, serial numbers established by Banerjee (1966)^[11] are shown in parentheses, as (#). The India series is separate from the Bangladesh series.

Indian Chhits Within Bangladeshi Territory[1]	Area (km2)	Notes
Balapara Khagrabari	25.952	Composite exclave of India, bordering the Panchagarh and Nilphamari Districts, Bangladesh, comprises the contiguous Dahala Khagrabari (#47), Kothajni (#43) and Balapara Khagrabari (#42) chhits (area includes 6 other smaller chhits, each itself an exclave and true enclave: 3 also named Dahala Khagrabari (#48, #49, #50) and 3 also named Kothajni (#44, #45, #46)).
Shalbari	14.091	Composite exclave of India within the Panchagarh District of Bangladesh, comprises the contiguous Shalbari (#35), Bewladanga (#39), Kajal Dighi, Daikhata Chhat, Nataoka (#37) and Nataoka (#38) chhits.
Dahala Khagrabari (#47)❋	10.717	Largest chhit of India, part of Balapara Khagrabari composite exclave within the Panchagarh District of Bangladesh (area includes 3 other smaller chhits, each itself an exclave and true enclave, each also named Dahala Khagrabari (#48, #49, #50)).
Dahala Khagrabari (#48)	see above	First-order enclave within the Panchagarh District of Bangladesh, area combined with that shown for the larger Dahala Khagrabari (#47).
Dahala Khagrabari (#49)	see above	First-order enclave within the Panchagarh District of Bangladesh, area combined with that shown for the larger Dahala Khagrabari (#47).
Dahala Khagrabari (#50)	see above	First-order enclave within the Panchagarh District of Bangladesh, area combined with that shown for the larger Dahala Khagrabari (#47).
Kothajni (#43)❋	8.143	Part of Balapara Khagrabari composite exclave, bordering the Panchagarh and Nilphamari Districts, Bangladesh (area includes 3 other smaller chhits, each itself an exclave and true enclave, each also named Kothajni (#44, #45, #46)).
Kothajni (#44)	see above	First-order enclave within the Panchagarh District of Bangladesh, area combined with that shown for the larger Kothajni (#43).
Kothajni (#45)	see above	First-order enclave within the Panchagarh District of Bangladesh, area combined with that shown for the larger Kothajni (#43).
Kothajni (#46)	see above	First-order exclave bordering the Panchagarh and Nilphamari Districts, Bangladesh, area combined with that shown for the larger Kothajni (#43).
Balapara Khagrabari (#42)❋	7.092	Part of Balapara Khagrabari composite exclave, bordering the Panchagarh District and Nilphamari Districts, Bangladesh.
Dasiar Chhara	6.651	First-order enclave within the Kurigram District of Bangladesh.
Shalbari (#35)❋	4.811	Part of Shalbari composite exclave within the Panchagarh District of Bangladesh.
Garati (#1)	3.920	First-order enclave within the Panchagarh District of Bangladesh.
Bewladanga (#39)❋	3.479	Part of Shalbari composite exclave within the Panchagarh District of Bangladesh.
Kajal Dighi❋	3.122	Part of Shalbari composite exclave within the Panchagarh District of Bangladesh.
Daikhata Chhat❋	2.020	Part of Shalbari composite exclave within the Panchagarh District of Bangladesh.
Najirgonja (#33)	1.758	First-order enclave within the Panchagarh District of Bangladesh.
Banskata (#93)	1.675	First-order enclave within the Lalmonirhat District of Bangladesh.
Kamat Changrabandha	1.626	Composite exclave of India within the Lalmonirhat District of Bangladesh, comprises the contiguous Bhotbari (#74), Panisala (#77) and Kamat Changrabandha (#75, #76) chhits.
Banskata (#97)	1.275	First-order enclave within the Lalmonirhat District of Bangladesh.
Lotamari (#83)	1.147	First-order enclave within the Lalmonirhat District of Bangladesh.
Kharkharia	0.904	Composite exclave of India within the Lalmonirhat District of Bangladesh, comprises the contiguous Lotamari (#73), Kharkharia (#71) and Kharkharia (#72) chhits.
Bans Pachai	0.879	First-order exclave bordering the Lalmonirhat and Kurigram Districts, Bangladesh.
Bhotbari (#74)❋	0.831	Part of Kamat Changrabandha composite exclave within the Lalmonirhat District of Bangladesh.
Natatoka (#37)❋	0.657	Part of Shalbari composite exclave within the Panchagarh District of Bangladesh.
Panisala (#77)❋	0.557	Part of Kamat Changrabandha composite exclave within the Lalmonirhat District of Bangladesh.
Bara Khangir	0.523	Composite exclave of India within the Lalmonirhat District of Bangladesh, comprises the contiguous Bara Khangir (#66) and Chhat Bagdokra chhits.
Gotamuri Chhit (#112)	0.512	First-order enclave within the Lalmonirhat District of Bangladesh.
Putimari	0.497	First-order enclave within the Panchagarh District of Bangladesh.
Lotamari (#73)❋	0.449	Part of Kharkharia composite exclave within the Lalmonirhat District of Bangladesh.
Lotamari (#84)	0.400	First-order enclave within the Lalmonirhat District of Bangladesh.
Bara Khangir (#66)❋	0.354	Part of Bara Khangir composite exclave within the Lalmonirhat District of Bangladesh.
Bans Pachai Bhitarkuthi	0.331	First-order enclave within the Lalmonirhat District of Bangladesh.
Najirgonja	0.309	Composite exclave of India within the Panchagarh District of Bangladesh, comprises the contiguous Najirgonja (#28, #29, #30, #31) chhits.
Garati (#3)	0.298	First-order enclave within the Panchagarh District of Bangladesh.
Najirgonja (#27)	0.297	First-order enclave within the Panchagarh District of Bangladesh.
Panisala (#81)	0.262	First-order enclave within the Lalmonirhat District of Bangladesh.
Kharkharia (#71)❋	0.246	Part of Kharkharia composite exclave within the Lalmonirhat District of Bangladesh.
Ratanpur	0.238	First-order enclave within the Lalmonirhat District of Bangladesh.
Najirgonja (#32)	0.236	First-order enclave within the Panchagarh District of Bangladesh.
Garati (#6)	0.236	First-order enclave within the Panchagarh District of Bangladesh.
Banskata (#96)	0.234	First-order enclave within the Lalmonirhat District of Bangladesh.
Chhat Bhothat	0.227	First-order enclave within the Lalmonirhat District of Bangladesh.
Balapukhari	0.226	First-order enclave within the Lalmonirhat District of Bangladesh.
Najirgonja (#19)	0.219	First-order enclave within the Panchagarh District of Bangladesh.
Najirgonja (#31)❋	0.216	Part of Najirgonja composite exclave within the Panchagarh District of Bangladesh.
Kharkharia (#72)❋	0.209	Part of Kharkharia composite exclave within the Lalmonirhat District of Bangladesh.
Panisala (#82)	0.208	First-order enclave within the Lalmonirhat District of Bangladesh.
Bara Khangir (#65)	0.204	First-order enclave within the Lalmonirhat District of Bangladesh.
Najirgonja (#25)	0.198	First-order enclave within the Panchagarh District of Bangladesh. Najirgonja (#25) and (#26) are shown joined as one in pre-1947 maps, but as separate in 1991 Indian census maps.[13][1]
Dwarikamari (#86)	0.185	First-order enclave within the Lalmonirhat District of Bangladesh.
Seotikursa	0.185	First-order enclave within the Kurigram District of Bangladesh.
Uponchowki Kuhlibari (#62)	0.178	First-order enclave within the Lalmonirhat District of Bangladesh.
Kamat Changrabandha (#75)❋	0.173	Part of Kamat Changrabandha composite exclave within the Lalmonirhat District of Bangladesh.
Chhat Bagdokra❋	0.169	Part of Bara Khangir composite exclave within the Lalmonirhat District of Bangladesh.
Bara Gaochulka	0.162	First-order enclave within the Kurigram District of Bangladesh.
Dwarikamari (#85)	0.160	First-order enclave within the Lalmonirhat District of Bangladesh.
Bhotbari (#63)	0.149	First-order enclave within the Lalmonirhat District of Bangladesh.
Bara Khanki Kharija Gitaldaha (#54)	0.149	First-order enclave within the Nilphamari District of Bangladesh.
Dwarikamarikhasbash	0.148	First-order enclave within the Lalmonirhat District of Bangladesh.
Chhoto Guraljhara I	0.145	First-order enclave within the Kurigram District of Bangladesh.
Madnakura Chhit in Bhoti Nath Batrigach	0.144	Counter-enclave surrounded by a Bangladeshi true enclave/exclave, Batrigach (#59), located within Cooch Behar District of West Bengal state, India.
Nagarjikabari	0.135	First-order enclave within the Nilphamari District of Bangladesh.
Banskata (#100)	0.134	First-order enclave within the Lalmonirhat District of Bangladesh.
Shahebganj	0.128	First-order enclave within the Kurigram District of Bangladesh.
Banskata (#104)	0.125 †	First-order enclave within the Lalmonirhat District of Bangladesh.
Banskata (#94)	0.1244	First-order enclave within the Lalmonirhat District of Bangladesh.
Barakhangir	0.1236	First-order enclave within the Nilphamari District of Bangladesh.
Banskata (#99)	0.1182	First-order enclave within the Lalmonirhat District of Bangladesh.
Bagdokra	0.1032	First-order enclave within the Lalmonirhat District of Bangladesh.
Banskata (#109)	0.0986 †	First-order enclave within the Lalmonirhat District of Bangladesh.
Banskata (#88)	0.0904	First-order enclave within the Lalmonirhat District of Bangladesh.
Kalamati	0.0858	First-order enclave within the Kurigram District of Bangladesh.
Banskata (#90)	0.0853	First-order enclave within the Lalmonirhat District of Bangladesh.
Gotamuri Chhit (#113)	0.081	First-order enclave within the Lalmonirhat District of Bangladesh.
Panisala (#80)	0.0729	First-order enclave within the Lalmonirhat District of Bangladesh.
Garati (#4)	0.0728	First-order enclave within the Panchagarh District of Bangladesh. Garati (#4) and (#5) are shown joined as one enclave in pre-1947 topographic maps, in which the smaller (#5) adjoins the northern boundary of the larger (#4). Later sources (1991 Indian census maps[13] and Banerjee, 1966[11]) depict them as separate.[1]
Najirgonja (#29)❋	0.0726	Part of Najirgonja composite exclave within the Panchagarh District of Bangladesh.
Chhoto Guraljhara II	0.0722	First-order enclave within the Kurigram District of Bangladesh.
Banskata (#108)	0.0686 †	First-order enclave within the Lalmonirhat District of Bangladesh.
Kamat Changrabandha (#76)❋	0.0648	Part of Kamat Changrabandha composite exclave within the Lalmonirhat District of Bangladesh.
Dakurhat Dakinir Kuthi	0.0577	First-order enclave within the Kurigram District of Bangladesh.
Najirgonja (#16)	0.0575	First-order enclave within the Panchagarh District of Bangladesh.
Banskata (#101)	0.0515 †	First-order enclave within the Lalmonirhat District of Bangladesh.
Dighaltari I	0.0498	First-order enclave within the Kurigram District of Bangladesh.
Najirgonja (#26)	0.0493	First-order enclave within the Panchagarh District of Bangladesh. Najirgonja (#25) and (#26) are shown joined as one in pre-1947 maps, but as separate in 1991 Indian census maps.[13][1]
Banskata (#95)	0.0492	First-order enclave within the Lalmonirhat District of Bangladesh.
Banskata (#89)	0.0484	First-order enclave within the Lalmonirhat District of Bangladesh.
Gaochulka I	0.0361	First-order enclave within the Kurigram District of Bangladesh.
Dighaltari II	0.0357	First-order enclave within the Kurigram District of Bangladesh.
Najirgonja (#17)	0.0335	First-order enclave within the Panchagarh District of Bangladesh.
Chenakata	0.0316 †	First-order enclave within the Lalmonirhat District of Bangladesh.
Bara Khanki Kharija Gitaldaha (#53)	0.0312	First-order enclave within the Nilphamari District of Bangladesh.
Shingimari Part I	0.0246 ± 0.0013	First-order enclave within the Panchagarh District of Bangladesh.
Kuchlibari (#57)	0.0234	First-order enclave within the Lalmonirhat District of Bangladesh.
Jamaldaha Balapukhari	0.0212 †	First-order enclave within the Lalmonirhat District of Bangladesh.
Najirgonja (#24)	0.0204 †	First-order enclave within the Panchagarh District of Bangladesh.
Nalgram Chhit	0.0191	Counter-enclave surrounded by a Bangladeshi exclave, Nalgram (#52), located within Cooch Behar District of West Bengal state, India.
Bara Kuchlibari	0.0176 †	First-order enclave within the Lalmonirhat District of Bangladesh.
Najirgonja (#28)❋	0.01574	Part of Najirgonja composite exclave within the Panchagarh District of Bangladesh.
Najirgonja (#20)	0.01566 †	First-order enclave within the Panchagarh District of Bangladesh.
Bewladanga (#40)	0.01097	First-order enclave within the Panchagarh District of Bangladesh.
Banskata (#103)	0.01032 †	First-order enclave within the Lalmonirhat District of Bangladesh.
Chhit Seoruguri	0.01016	Smallest Indian counter-enclave, surrounded by a Bangladeshi true enclave/exclave, Madhya Masaldanga, located within Cooch Behar District of West Bengal state, India.
Banskata (#102)	0.00943 †	First-order enclave within the Lalmonirhat District of Bangladesh.
Kuchlibari (#58)	0.00826	First-order enclave within the Lalmonirhat District of Bangladesh.
Garati (#2)	0.00704	First-order enclave within the Panchagarh District of Bangladesh.
Dahala Khagrabari (#51)	0.00688	Dahala Khagrabari (#51) is the only counter-counter enclave in the world. It is surrounded by Upanchowki Bhajni 110, a Bangladeshi counter-enclave within the Indian composite exclave named Balapara Khagrabari, which is surrounded by the Panchagarh District of Bangladesh. Dahala Khagrabari (#51) is not part of the Balapara Khagrabari composite exclave, as it is not contiguous to it and borders only Bangladesh.
Bhogramguri	0.00583 †	First-order enclave within the Lalmonirhat District of Bangladesh.
Banskata (#106)	0.00563 †	First-order enclave within the Lalmonirhat District of Bangladesh.
Banskata (#107)	0.00554 †	First-order enclave within the Lalmonirhat District of Bangladesh.
Najirgonja Chhit (#30)❋	0.00433	Part of Najirgonja composite exclave within the Panchagarh District of Bangladesh.
Najirgonja (#22)	0.00421 †	First-order enclave within the Panchagarh District of Bangladesh.
Najirgonja (#21)	0.00413 †	First-order enclave within the Panchagarh District of Bangladesh.
Gaochulka II	0.00364	First-order enclave within the Kurigram District of Bangladesh.
Fulker Dabri	0.00356 †	First-order enclave within the Lalmonirhat District of Bangladesh.
Bewladanga Chhat (#41)	0.00336 †	First-order enclave within the Panchagarh District of Bangladesh.
Garati (#5)	0.00320	First-order enclave within the Panchagarh District of Bangladesh. Garati (#4) and (#5) are shown joined as one enclave in pre-1947 topographic maps, in which the smaller (#5) adjoins the northern boundary of the larger (#4). Later sources (1991 Indian census maps[13] and Banerjee, 1966[11]) depict them as separate.[1]
Najirgonja (#23)	0.00312 †	First-order enclave within the Panchagarh District of Bangladesh.
Banskata (#98)	0.00312	First-order enclave within the Lalmonirhat District of Bangladesh.
Banskata (#105)	0.00259 †	First-order enclave within the Lalmonirhat District of Bangladesh.
Najirgonja (#15)	0.00210	First-order enclave within the Panchagarh District of Bangladesh.
Dahala Khagrabari (#52)	0.00178	First-order enclave within the Panchagarh District of Bangladesh.
Uponchowki Kuchlibari (#61)	0.00129 †	First-order enclave within the Lalmonirhat District of Bangladesh.
Banskata (#110)	0.00113 †	First-order enclave within the Lalmonirhat District of Bangladesh.
Panisala (#79)	0.00109 †	The smallest Indian true enclave; located within the Lalmonirhat District of Bangladesh.
Natatoka (#38)❋	0.00105	Smallest known chhit of India, part of Shalbari composite exclave; located within the Panchagarh District of Bangladesh; borders Bangladesh and Shalbari (#35).

❋ This chhit is part of a composite enclave and by itself is neither an enclave nor an exclave.

† Stated size may not be exact.^[1]

References

External links

• "Teen Bigha corridor cannot be used for Power supply to Dahogram–Angorpotha Enclaves" at The Daily Star.Net
• Map showing the locations of the enclaves from http://geosite.jankrogh.com/cooch_behar.htm
• Mansi Mehrotra Management of India-Bangladesh Border
• http://www.amanpanchayat.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=73
• http://www.india-seminar.com/2002/510/510%20urvashi%20butalia.htm
• http://www.tribuneindia.com/2006/20060104/nation.htm#17

v t e Bangladesh–India relations Treaties and summits Indo-Bangladeshi Treaty of Friendship, Cooperation and Peace Events and conflicts Bangladesh Liberation War Mitro Bahini Mukti Bahini Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 Farakka Barrage Sharing of Ganges Waters Chitmahal (Tin Bigha Corridor) Indo-Bangladesh enclaves Indian migration to Bangladesh Taslima Nasreen 2001 border conflict Illegal immigration in India Banglabandha Initiatives Maitree Express Kolkata-Dhaka Bus Transport between India and Bangladesh Indo-Bangladeshi barrier Joint River Commission Personalities Indira Gandhi Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Morarji Desai Ziaur Rahman Atal Bihari Vajpayee Sheikh Hasina Begum Khaleda Zia Pranab Mukherjee Mamata Banerjee Related templates Foreign relations of India Foreign relations of Bangladesh India-Bangladesh land border checkpoints

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