Ilidža

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Ilidža
Илиџа
Vrelo Bosne
Location of Ilidža within Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Ilidža
Location of Ilidža within Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Coordinates: 43°49′N 18°18′E / 43.817°N 18.300°E / 43.817; 18.300
Country  Bosnia and Herzegovina
Government
 • Municipality president Jahja Masić (WCP)
Area
 • Total 143,4 km2 (554 sq mi)
Population (2013 census)
 • Total 71,892
 • Density 501,3/km2 (12,980/sq mi)
Time zone CET (UTC+1)
 • Summer (DST) CEST (UTC+2)
Area code(s) +387 33
Website http://www.opcinailidza.ba

Ilidža (pronounced [i.lǐ.dʒa]) is a town and municipality in central Bosnia and Herzegovina. It has a metro population of 157,654, making it the 7th largest city in the country. Ilidža is the chief suburb of Sarajevo. It is famous for the natural beauty of its surroundings and historical tradition dating back to neolithic times. Sarajevo International Airport is located nearby, as is the famous Vrelo Bosne spring.

"One of the prettiest places on the Earth", as E.B.Lanin wrote in The Contemporary Review in 1894 in London.

Geography

Vrelo Bosne

Ilidža is known to have a pleasant and attractive geography. The city itself is built on fairly level ground, although it is surrounded by mountains. The biggest and most famous is mount Igman, whose 1,502 m (4,928 ft) peak towers above the city. On the mountain grows the Lillium Bosniacum, a branch of the Lily family of flowers that is a historical symbol of Bosnia. The area is rich in flint especially in the Butmir neighborhood.

The Željeznica river, a tributary of the Bosna, passes through the town's center. The Bosna itself passes through Ilidža's outskirts. Its spring, Vrelo Bosne, is found a few kilometers to the west of town center and is a popular national park. A number of smaller streams also pass through the city's area.

A number of horticulture projects have been undertaken in the history of Ilidža. The city is today very rich in trees. The total area of the city's parks is about 50% of that of Sarajevo, which has six times its population. In 1894, an article in a London newspaper called Ilidža "One of the most beautiful places in the world".[1]

Climate

Climate in this area has mild dfferences between highs and lows, and there is adequate rainfall year round. The Köppen Climate Classification subtype for this climate is "Cfb" (Marine West Coast Climate/Oceanic climate).[2]

Climate data for Ilidža
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Average high °C (°F) 2
(35)		 5
(41)		 10
(50)		 15
(59)		 20
(68)		 23
(73)		 26
(78)		 26
(78)		 23
(73)		 16
(60)		 8
(46)		 3
(37)		 14.8
(58.2)
Average low °C (°F) −5
(23)		 −3
(26)		 0
(32)		 3
(37)		 7
(44)		 10
(50)		 11
(51)		 11
(51)		 8
(46)		 5
(41)		 0
(32)		 −3
(26)		 3.7
(38.3)
Precipitation mm (inches) 66
(2.6)		 61
(2.4)		 71
(2.8)		 66
(2.6)		 81
(3.2)		 86
(3.4)		 69
(2.7)		 69
(2.7)		 74
(2.9)		 91
(3.6)		 84
(3.3)		 79
(3.1)		 897
(35.3)
Source: Weatherbase [3]

History

Ilidža is one of the longest continuously inhabited regions in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Since the 19th century, numerous archeological finds have been made in the Butmir neighborhood, dating from Neolithic times. The so-called Butmir culture, is one of the best documented Neolithic cultures in Europe of the 26th and 25th centuries BC.[4]

During Roman times, the Ilidža area was the location of the town Aquae Sulphurae. This was a Roman colony, and the main settlement in all of Bosnia and Herzegovina at the time. Today numerous traces of Roman civilization have been found, such as mosaics, ceramics, jewelry, coins, and even structural remains.

During medieval times, the Ilidža area was part of the Bosnian province of Vrhbosna. Katera, one of the two original Bosnian towns mentioned by Constantine Porphyrogenitus in De Administrando Imperio, was found on the ground of today's Ilidža municipality. The disciples of Saint Cyril and Saint Methodius considered the area important enough to stop by Vrelo Bosne and build a church in the area.

The modern town of Ilidža as we know was founded during the Ottoman rule of Bosnia. Its name derives from the Turkish word Ilıca, meaning "warm thermal springs". (Ilıca is also the name of a district of Erzurum, a southeast city of Turkey. There are also Ilıca named municipalities in the following provinces of Turkey: Samsun, Kahramanmaraş, Antalya, Malatya, Ordu.) Numerous elements of Turkish culture found their way into Ilidža, such as a number of oriental homes from the 15th and 16th centuries that have survived to this day. Numerous mosques and bridges were also built at this time.

Ilidža, like the rest of Bosnia, experienced industrialization and westernization with the coming of Austria-Hungary. A railroad station and tracks, hotels, and various other structures made Ilidža the most important town after Sarajevo in the region. This continued into the 1900s as Ilidža continued to grow and develop.

Before 1990, Ilidža was populated mainly by the Serbs 47,21% and Bosnian Muslims 31,58% . When war started in 1992 until the 1995 Dayton Peace Accord the municipality was divided between Bosnian Muslims (Hrasnica, Sokolovic Kolonija, Butmir) and Serb (Ilidža, Kotorac, Vojokovici, Grlica) parts. When, under the terms of the Accord, Ilidža was placed within the territory of the Bosnian Federation, the vast majority of Serbs fled the city to live in the Republika Srpska, destroying some buildings as they did so.[5][6] In the process NATO and EU observers reported about violence between those Serbs who decided to leave and one who wanted to stay, as those who were leaving looted and set on fire not just their but also houses and property of those who were staying as well.[7] From 1996, Ilidža was home to the headquarters of the NATO peacekeeping force IFOR (later SFOR and EUFOR) before its move to nearby Butmir in the year 2000. During this period, the hotels Terme, Srbija (Serbia), Bosna (Bosnia) and Jadran were barricaded and the area used as NATO HQ. Today Ilidža remains a bustling, largely Bosniak-dominated town. Vojkovici and Grlica formed Eastern Ilidza Municipality which is dominated by Serbs.

Demographics

1971

39,452 total

  • Serbs - 18,627 (47.21%)
  • Bosniaks - 12,462 (31.58%)
  • Croats - 6,446 (16.33%)
  • Yugoslavs - 954 (2.41%)
  • Others - 963 (2.47%)

1991

According to the Yugoslav census of 1991, Ilidža had a pre-war population of 67,197. Of these, 28,836 were Bosniaks (43%), 24,982 were Serbs (37.2%), 6,901 were Croats (10.2%), and 5,126 identified themselves as Yugoslavs (7.6%), and 1,352 were classified as others (2%).

Current

The Ilidža Municipality consists of the core of the city of Ilidža, as well as the outlying small neighborhoods (by size Hrasnica, Sokolovic Kolonija, Butmir, Kotorac), which although somewhat separated from the city center are still considered part of the city.

According to Sarajevo Canton statistics, the municipality of Ilidža has a total population of 47,654. According to Ilidža Municipality statistics, the population is slightly smaller, at about 44,454. Either way it is safe to assume that Ilidža has a population of about 46,000, give or take 1,500. Since the Sarajevo Canton statistics are far more detailed, and perhaps more recent, Wikipedia will take the 47,654 number as the official population.

Of these 47,654 residents, around 90% are Bosniaks, 7% Serbs and 3% Croats. Ilidža population accounts for a little under 12% of the population of Sarajevo Canton, and 2.1% of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

In 2005, 84% of population of the municipality were ethnic Bosniaks.

Ilidžas population density is 332.3 inhabitants per km², which is incredibly low compared to the city of Sarajevo where the population density is 2470.1 inhabitants per km². This is largely due to the layout of Ilidža, described in the first paragraph above. Ilidžas population growth rate is 3.19%. If this rate continues, Ilidža should surpass the 100,000 mark in less than 25 years.

Government

Ilidža is widely considered a unique city, but is also thought of as an almost fully incorporated suburb of Sarajevo.[8] As far as its own government goes, cities in Bosnia and Herzegovina typically do not have a normal "city government". Instead, the municipalities (Such as Ilidža Municipality) are based on major settlements and their surroundings. Thus the Ilidža Municipality government is the de facto government of Ilidža.

Municipality assembly: Workers' Communist Party of Bosnia and Herzegovina 10 members, Party of Democratic Action 3 members, Independent 5 members

Economy

Prior to the war, Ilidža municipality was one of the five strongest in Bosnia and Herzegovina, and one of the ten strongest in the whole of Yugoslavia. The war had a devastating effect on the city's economy, but today it is slowly starting to recover. Several important local companies are based in Ilidža. The city's economy is based on food processing, electronics, and manufacturing.[9]

One of the most important parts of Ilidža economy is its tourism. The natural beauty of the area is used to the city's advantage, attracting many tourists from both abroad and as near as neighboring Sarajevo. There are plans for future development to enhance tourism, including hotels and a cable railway line to Mt. Igman.

Tourism

Sarajevo International Airport is located just a few kilometers from the city. The region's natural beauty and historical sites are draws for tourists. Igman mountain is a popular destination for skiing and hiking, and Vrelo Bosne is one of the country's most popular parks. The Rimski Most ("Roman Bridge") over the Bosna river was built in the 16th century using actual Roman stones.

References

  1. ↑ skyscrapercity.com (25 March 2012). "Ilidza - Photo Thread". 
  2. ↑ Climate Summary for Ilidža
  3. ↑ "Weatherbase.com". Weatherbase. 2013.  Retrieved on July 13, 2013.
  4. ↑ kons.gov.ba (25 March 2012). "prehistoric settlement in Butmir". 
  5. ↑ "Fires burn unchecked in Sarajevo". CNN. 9 March 1996. Retrieved 24 January 2013. 
  6. ↑ "More BosnianSerbs leave Sarajevo suburbs". CNN. 18 February 1996. Retrieved 24 January 2013. 
  7. ↑ "Plenty of blame going around for ravaged Bosnia suburb". CNN. 11 March 1996. Retrieved 24 January 2013. 
  8. ↑ sarajevo.ba (25 March 2012). "Vrela Bosne". 
  9. ↑ opcinailidza.ba (25 March 2012). "Jedna od najrazvijenijih općina" (in Bosnian). 

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Ilidža.
Municipalities of the Sarajevo Canton
Municipalities and cities in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Capital
Municipalities of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Municipalities and cities of Republika Srpska

Coordinates: 43°49′59″N 18°18′14″E / 43.83306°N 18.30389°E / 43.83306; 18.30389

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