Ibn Qutaybah

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Muslim scholar
Abū Muhammad Abd-Allāh ibn Muslim ibn Qutayba al-Dīnawarī al-Marwazī
Title ibn Qutaybah
Born 828CE, 213 AH
Died 885CE, 276 AH
Era Islamic golden age
Jurisprudence Sunni
Main interest(s) politics, history, Tafsir, Hadith, Kalam and Arabic literature
Notable work(s) Training of the Secretary, `Uyun al-akhbar, Gharīb al-Qur’ān

Ibn Qutaybah (828 – 885 CE / 213 – 276 AH)[1] (Arabic: ابن قتيبة ) was a renowned Islamic[2] scholar of Iranian (Persian[3][4] or Kurdish[5]) origin. He served as a judge during the Abbasid Caliphate, but was best known for his contributions to Arabic literature.[6][7]

Biography

His full name is Abū Muḥammad ʿAbdullāh b. Muslim ibn Qutaybah ad-Dīnawarī. He was born in Kufa in what is now Iraq.[8][9] He was of Iranian descent; his father was from Merv. Having studied tradition and philology he became qadi in Dinawar during the reign of Al-Mutawakkil,[7] and afterwards a teacher in Baghdad where he died.[8][9] He was the first representative of the school of Baghdad philologists that succeeded the schools of Kufa and Basra.

Legacy

He was viewed by Sunni Muslims as a hadith Master, foremost philologist, linguist, and man of letters. In addition to his literary criticism and anthologies, he was also known for his work in the problems of Tafsir or Qur'anic interpretation.[6] He also authored works on astronomy and legal theory.[9][10] His book Uyun al-Akhbar, along with the romantic literature of Muhammad bin Dawud al-Zahiri and Ibn Abi Tahir Tayfur, were considered by lexocographer Ibn Duraid to be the three most important works for those who wished to speak and write eloquently.[11][12]

English translation of his quotation on good government:
"There can be no government without an army,
No army without money,
No money without prosperity,
And no prosperity without justice and good administration."[13]

Works

  • Gharīb al-Qur'an also known as Mushkil al-Qur'an, on its lexical difficulties.
  • Al-Imama wa al-Siyasa,[14] also known as Ta’rikh al-Khulafa’.
  • The Interpretation of Conflicting Narrations (Arabic: Ta’wīl Mukhtalif al-Hadīth)
  • Adab al-Kitāb.
  • al-Amwāl.
  • al-Anwā’.
  • al-‘Arab wa ‘Ulūmuhā on Arab intellectual history.
  • al-Ashriba on alcoholic beverages.
  • Dalā’il al-Nubuwwa or A‘lām al-Nubuwwa on the Proofs of Prophethood.
  • Fad.l al-‘Arab ‘alā al-‘Ajam in praise of the Arabs.
  • I‘rāb al-Qur’ān, a philological commentary.
  • al-Ikhtilāf fī al-Lafz. wa al-Radd ‘alā al-Jahmiyya wal-Mushabbiha, a refutation of both the Allegorizers and the Anthropomorphists. This slim volume received editions in Egypt.
  • al-Ishtiqāq.
  • Is.lāh. Ghalat. Abī ‘Ubayd, corrections on al-Qāsim ibn Salām’s Gharīb al-H.adīth.
  • Jāmi‘ al-Fiqh in jurisprudence, dispraised as unreliable by al-T.abarī and Ibn Surayj, as was Ibn Qutayba’s al-Amwāl.
  • Jāmi‘ al-Nah.w al-Kabīr and Jāmi‘ al-Nah.w al-S.aghīr.
  • al-Jarāthīm in linguistics.
  • al-Jawābāt al-H.ād.ira.
  • al-Ma‘ānī al-Kabīr.
  • al-Ma‘ārif, a slim volume that manages to cover topics from the beginning of creation and facts about the Jāhiliyya to the names of the Companions and famous jurists and h.adīth Masters.
  • al-Masā’il wal-Ajwiba.
  • al-Maysar wal-Qidāh. on dice and lots.
  • al-Na‘m wal-Bahā’im on cattle and livestock.
  • al-Nabāt in botany.
  • al-Qirā’āt in the canonical readings.
  • al-Radd ‘alā al-Qā’il bi Khalq al-Qur’ān, against those who assert the createdness of the Qur’an.
  • al-Radd ‘alā al-Shu‘aybiyya, a refutation of a sub-sect of the ‘Ajārida ‘At.awiyya, itself a sub-sect of the Khawārij.
  • al-Rah.l wal-Manzil.
  • Ta‘bīr al-Ru’yā on the interpretation of dreams.
  • Talqīn al-Muta‘allim min al-Nah.w in grammar.
  • ‘Uyūn al-Akhbār in history.[15]
  • ‘Uyūn al-Shi‘r in poetry.
  • al-Shi‘r wal-Shu‘arā’

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ Joseph T. Shipley, Encyclopedia of Literature, Volume 1 - Page 37
  2. ↑ "Ibn Qutaybah". Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Retrieved 9 June 2012. 
  3. ↑ Rosenthal, Franz. "EBN QOTAYBA, ABŪ MOḤAMMAD ʿABD-ALLĀH". Encyclopædia Iranica. Retrieved 9 June 2012. "...he seems to refer, if the text is correctly understood, to his own Persian (ʿajam) descent and declares himself to be by nature not prejudiced for or against either Arabs or Persians. His father or family seems, indeed, to have come from Marv (hence the nesba Marvazī). He himself was, however, an eloquent spokesman for Arab civilization and in intellectual makeup was totally committed and assimilated to it" 
  4. ↑ Adamec, Ludwig W. (May 11, 2009). Historical Dictionary of Islam (Historical Dictionaries of Religions, Philosophies, and Movements Series) (Second Edition ed.). Scarecrow Press. p. 259. ISBN 0810861615. 
  5. ↑ R. Izady, Mehrdad (1991). The Kurds: a concise handbook. 
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Abd Allah Abu Muhammad Abd Allah ibn Muslim al-Dinwari Ibn Qutaybah from The Oxford Dictionary of Islam. Oxford Reference, Copyright © 2013.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Christopher Melchert, "Qur'anic Abrogation Across the Ninth Century." Taken from Studies in Islamic Legal Theory, pg. 80. Ed. Bernard G. Weiss. Volume 15 of Studies in Islamic law and society / Studies in Islamic law and society. Leiden: Brill Publishers, 2002. ISBN 9789004120662
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 John C. Lamoreaux, The Early Muslim Tradition of Dream Interpretation, pg. 27. SUNY series in Islamic spirituality. Albany: State University of New York Press, 2002. ISBN 9780791488607
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 John C. Lamoreaux, "Sources on Ibn Bahlul's Chapter on Dream Interpretation." Taken from Augustine and His Opponents, Jerome, Other Latin Fathers After Nicaea, Orientalia, pg. 555. Ed. Elizabeth A. Livingstone. Volume 33 of Studia patristica. Peeters Publishers, 1997. ISBN 9789068318685
  10. ↑ Introduction to The Unity of Science in the Arabic Tradition: Science, Logic, Epistemology , pg. 22. Eds. Shahid Rahman, Tony Street and Hassan Tahiri. Volume 11 of Logic, Epistemology, and the Unity of Science Series The Unity of Science in the Arabic Tradition: Science, Logic, Epistemology and Their Interactions. New York: Springer Publishing, 2008. ISBN 9781402084058
  11. ↑ Shawkat M. Toorawa, "Defing Adab by re-defining the Adib: Ibn Abi Tahir Tayfur and storytelling." Taken from On Fiction and Adab in Medieval Arabic Literature, pg. 303. Ed. Philip F. Kennedy. Volume 6 of Studies in Arabic language and literature. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, 2005. ISBN 9783447051828
  12. ↑ Shawkat M. Toorawa, "Ibn Abi Tayfur versus al-Jahiz." Taken from ʻAbbasid Studies: Occasional Papers of the School of ʻAbbasid Studies, pg. 250. Ed. James Edward Montgomery. Volume 135 of Orientalia Lovaniensia analecta. Peeters Publishers, 2004. ISBN 9789042914339
  13. ↑ The Economist, 24 May 2008. London: Economist Group.
  14. ↑ alseraj
  15. ↑ See: Luisa Arvide, Relatos, University of Almeria Press, Almeria 2004 (in Arabic and Spanish).

References

External links

Arabic Wikisource has original text related to this article:
Authority control
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share Alike; additional terms may apply for the media files.