IL1B
Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) also known as catabolin, is a cytokine protein that in humans is encoded by the IL1B gene.[1][2][3][4] IL-1β precursor is cleaved by caspase 1 (interleukin 1 beta convertase). Cytosolic thiol protease cleaves the product to form mature IL-1β.
Function
Interleukin 1 was discovered by Igal Gery in 1972.[5][6][7] He named it lymphocyte-activating factor (LAF) because it was a lymphocyte mitogen. It was not until 1985 that interleukin 1 was discovered to consist of two distinct proteins, now called interleukin-1 alpha and interleukin-1 beta.[2]
IL-1β is a member of the interleukin 1 family of cytokines. This cytokine is produced by activated macrophages as a proprotein, which is proteolytically processed to its active form by caspase 1 (CASP1/ICE). This cytokine is an important mediator of the inflammatory response, and is involved in a variety of cellular activities, including cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. The induction of cyclooxygenase-2 (PTGS2/COX2) by this cytokine in the central nervous system (CNS) is found to contribute to inflammatory pain hypersensitivity. This gene and eight other interleukin 1 family genes form a cytokine gene cluster on chromosome 2.[8]
Properties
Mol weight of the proteolytically processed IL1B is 17.5 kDa. IL1B has the following amino acid sequence:
- APVRSLNCTL RDSQQKSLVM SGPYELKALH LQGQDMEQQV VFSMSFVQGE ESNDKIPVAL GLKEKNLYLS CVLKDDKPTL QLESVDPKNY PKKKMEKRFV FNKIEINNKL EFESAQFPNW YISTSQAENM PVFLGGTKGG QDITDFTMQF VSS
The physiological activity determined from the dose dependent proliferation of murine D10S cells is 2.5 x 108 to 7.1 x 108 units/mg.
Clinical significance
Increased production of IL-1B causes a number of different autoinflammatory syndromes, most notably the monogenic conditions referred to as CAPS, due to mutations in the inflammasome receptor NLRP3 which triggers processing of IL-1B. [9]
Therapies that target it
Canakinumab is a human monoclonal antibody targeted at IL-1B, and approved in many countries for treatment of cryopyrin-associated periodic syndromes.
See also
- Interleukin 1
References
- ↑ Auron PE, Webb AC, Rosenwasser LJ, Mucci SF, Rich A, Wolff SM, Dinarello CA (1984). "Nucleotide sequence of human monocyte interleukin 1 precursor cDNA". Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 81 (24): 7907–11. doi:10.1073/pnas.81.24.7907. PMC 392262. PMID 6083565.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 March CJ, Mosley B, Larsen A, Cerretti DP, Braedt G, Price V, Gillis S, Henney CS, Kronheim SR, Grabstein K (1985). "Cloning, sequence and expression of two distinct human interleukin-1 complementary DNAs". Nature 315 (6021): 641–7. doi:10.1038/315641a0. PMID 2989698.
- ↑ Clark BD, Collins KL, Gandy MS, Webb AC, Auron PE (1986). "Genomic sequence for human prointerleukin 1 beta: possible evolution from a reverse transcribed prointerleukin 1 alpha gene". Nucleic Acids Res 14 (20): 7897–1914. doi:10.1093/nar/14.20.7897. PMID 349065.
- ↑ Bensi G, Raugei G, Palla E, Carinci V, Tornese Buonamassa D, Melli M (1987). "Human interleukin-1 beta gene". Gene 52 (1): 95–101. doi:10.1016/0378-1119(87)90398-2. PMID 2954882.
- ↑ I Gery, R K Gershon, and B H Waksman (1972). "Potentiation of the T-lymphocyte response to mitogens. I. The responding cell". J Exp Med 136 (1): 128–142. doi:10.1084/jem.136.1.128. PMC 2139184. PMID 5033417.
- ↑ I Gery and B H Waksman (1972). "Potentiation of the T-lymphocyte response to mitogens. II. The cellular source of potentiating mediator(s)". J Exp Med 136 (1): 143–155. doi:10.1084/jem.136.1.143. PMC 2139186. PMID 5033418.
- ↑ Cellular Immunology (1974). Potentiation of the T lymphocyte response to mitogens. III. Properties of the mediator(s) from adherent cells 11 (1–3). pp. 162–169.
- ↑ "Entrez Gene: IL1B interleukin 1, beta".
- ↑ Masters SL, Simon A, Aksentijevich I, Kastner DL (2009). "Horror autoinflammaticus: the molecular pathophysiology of autoinflammatory disease". Ann Rev Immunol 27: 621–68. doi:10.1146/annurev.immunol.25.022106.141627. PMC 2996236. PMID 19302049.
Further reading
- Smirnova MG, Kiselev SL, Gnuchev NV, et al. (2003). "Role of the pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1 beta, interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 in the pathogenesis of the otitis media with effusion". Eur. Cytokine Netw. 13 (2): 161–72. PMID 12101072.
- Griffin WS, Mrak RE (2002). "Interleukin-1 in the genesis and progression of and risk for development of neuronal degeneration in Alzheimer's disease". J. Leukoc. Biol. 72 (2): 233–8. PMID 12149413.
- Arend WP (2003). "The balance between IL-1 and IL-1Ra in disease". Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 13 (4–5): 323–40. doi:10.1016/S1359-6101(02)00020-5. PMID 12220547.
- Chakravorty M, Ghosh A, Choudhury A, et al. (2004). "Ethnic differences in allele distribution for the IL8 and IL1B genes in populations from eastern India". Hum. Biol. 76 (1): 153–9. doi:10.1353/hub.2004.0016. PMID 15222686.
- Joseph AM, Kumar M, Mitra D (2005). "Nef: "necessary and enforcing factor" in HIV infection". Curr. HIV Res. 3 (1): 87–94. doi:10.2174/1570162052773013. PMID 15638726.
- Maruyama Y, Stenvinkel P, Lindholm B (2005). "Role of interleukin-1beta in the development of malnutrition in chronic renal failure patients". Blood Purif. 23 (4): 275–81. doi:10.1159/000086012. PMID 15925866.
- Roy D, Sarkar S, Felty Q (2006). "Levels of IL-1 beta control stimulatory/inhibitory growth of cancer cells". Front. Biosci. 11: 889–98. doi:10.2741/1845. PMID 16146780.
- Copeland KF (2006). "Modulation of HIV-1 transcription by cytokines and chemokines". Mini reviews in medicinal chemistry 5 (12): 1093–101. doi:10.2174/138955705774933383. PMID 16375755.
- Prinz C, Schwendy S, Voland P (2006). "H pylori and gastric cancer: shifting the global burden". World J. Gastroenterol. 12 (34): 5458–64. PMID 17006981.
- Kamangar F, Cheng C, Abnet CC, Rabkin CS (2007). "Interleukin-1B polymorphisms and gastric cancer risk--a meta-analysis". Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. 15 (10): 1920–8. doi:10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-06-0267. PMID 17035400.
External links
- IL1B protein, human at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.
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