Hymenocallis
| Hymenocallis | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Hymenocallis littoralis | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Monocots |
| Order: | Asparagales |
| Family: | Amaryllidaceae |
| Subfamily: | Amaryllidoideae |
| Genus: | Hymenocallis Salisb. |
Hymenocallis /ˌhaɪmɨnəˈkælɪs/[1] is a genus of flowering plants in the family Amaryllidaceae, subfamily Amaryllidoideae.[2] It contains more than 60 species of herbaceous bulbous perennials native to grasslands, wetlands and rocky habitats[3] in tropical and subtropical America.[4]
The flower stalks arise from basal rosettes of strap-shaped leaves. The terminal clusters of fragrant flowers are green, white or yellow, and can be large and spectacular. The genus name Hymenocallis, meaning "beautiful membrane", refers to the curious shape of the flowers. They consist of six narrow, curved petals attached to a shallow cup which is formed from the fused stamens. The effect is of a spidery daffodil or lily, thus explaining the common name "spider lily" for some species.[3]
Cultivation
Most Hymenocallis must be grown in a warm greenhouse or in a sheltered sunny spot where the ground does not freeze. The North American species H. occidentalis is found as far north as southwestern Indiana where winters can reach 0 °F (−18 °C).[5] They like good drainage and grow well in a soil rich with organic matter. The following species and hybrids are found in cultivation:-[3]
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Species
As of October 2011, the World Checklist of Selected Plant Families accepts 64 species:[4]
- Hymenocallis acutifolia (Herb. ex Sims) Sweet
- Hymenocallis araniflora T.M.Howard
- Hymenocallis arenicola Northr.
- Hymenocallis astrostephana T.M.Howard
- Hymenocallis azteciana Traub
- Hymenocallis baumlii Ravenna
- Hymenocallis bolivariana Traub
- Hymenocallis caribaea (L.) Herb.
- Hymenocallis choctawensis Traub
- Hymenocallis choretis Hemsl.
- Hymenocallis cleo Ravenna
- Hymenocallis clivorum Laferr.
- Hymenocallis concinna Baker
- Hymenocallis cordifolia Micheli
- Hymenocallis coronaria (Leconte) Kunth
- Hymenocallis crassifolia Herb.
- Hymenocallis durangoensis T.M.Howard
- Hymenocallis duvalensis Traub ex Laferr.
- Hymenocallis eucharidifolia Baker
- Hymenocallis fragrans (Salisb.) Salisb.
- Hymenocallis franklinensis Ger.L.Sm.
- Hymenocallis gholsonii G.Lom.Sm. & Garland
- Hymenocallis glauca (Zucc.) M.Roem.
- Hymenocallis godfreyi G.L.Sm. & Darst
- Hymenocallis graminifolia Greenm.
- Hymenocallis guatemalensis Traub
- Hymenocallis guerreroensis T.M.Howard
- Hymenocallis harrisiana Herb.
- Hymenocallis henryae Traub
- Hymenocallis howardii Bauml
- Hymenocallis imperialis T.M.Howard
- Hymenocallis incaica Ravenna
- Hymenocallis jaliscensis M.E.Jones
- Hymenocallis latifolia (Mill.) M.Roem.
- Hymenocallis leavenworthii (Standl. & Steyerm.) Bauml
- Hymenocallis lehmilleri T.M.Howard
- Hymenocallis limaensis Traub
- Hymenocallis liriosme (Raf.) Shinners - Texan spiderlily (yellow center)
- Hymenocallis littoralis (Jacq.) Salisb.
- Hymenocallis lobata Klotzsch
- Hymenocallis longibracteata Hochr.
- Hymenocallis maximilianii T.M.Howard
- Hymenocallis multiflora Vargas
- Hymenocallis occidentalis (Leconte) Kunth
- Hymenocallis ornata (C.D.Bouché) M.Roem.
- Hymenocallis ovata (Mill.) M.Roem.
- Hymenocallis palmeri S.Watson - alligator lily (yellow center)
- Hymenocallis partita Ravenna
- Hymenocallis phalangidis Bauml
- Hymenocallis pimana Laferr.
- Hymenocallis portamonetensis Ravenna
- Hymenocallis praticola Britton & P.Wilson
- Hymenocallis proterantha Bauml
- Hymenocallis pumila Bauml
- Hymenocallis puntagordensis Traub
- Hymenocallis pygmaea Traub
- Hymenocallis rotata (Ker Gawl.) Herb.
- Hymenocallis schizostephana Worsley
- Hymenocallis sonorensis Standl.
- Hymenocallis speciosa (L.f. ex Salisb.) Salisb.
- Hymenocallis tridentata Small
- Hymenocallis tubiflora Salisb.
- Hymenocallis venezuelensis Traub
- Hymenocallis woelfleana T.M.Howard
References
- ↑ Sunset Western Garden Book, 1995:606–607
- ↑ Stevens, P.F. (2001 onwards), Angiosperm Phylogeny Website: Asparagales: Amaryllidoideae
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 RHS A-Z encyclopedia of garden plants. United Kingdom: Dorling Kindersley. 2008. p. 1136. ISBN 1405332964.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 WCSP (2011), World Checklist of Selected Plant Families, The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, retrieved 2011-10-21, search for "Hymenocallis"
- ↑ "BONAP's North American Plant Atlas". The Biota of North America Program. Retrieved 7 August 2013.
- ↑ "RHS Plant Selector - '' ". Retrieved 23 June 2013.