Hygrophila (Gastropoda)
| Hygrophila | |
|---|---|
 | |
| The larger of the two snails is Lymnaea stagnalis, family Lymnaeidae | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| (unranked): | clade Heterobranchia clade Euthyneura clade Panpulmonata[1] clade Hygrophila |
| Superfamilies | |
|
See text | |
Hygrophila is a taxonomic clade of air-breathing freshwater snails, aquatic pulmonate gastropod mollusks within the clade Panpulmonata.[1]
The families in this clade are basically air-breathing freshwater snails including freshwater limpets. The three most vuluminous families in terms of number of species are the Lymnaeidae (pond snails), the Planorbidae (ramshorn snails) and the Physidae (pouch or bubble snails). These are found in ponds, creeks, ditches, and shallow lakes nearly worldwide.
The snails in this clade have their eyes located at the base of their tentacles, rather than at the tips, as in the true land snails Stylommatophora. They have shells that are thin, translucent, and relatively colorless, and they lack an operculum.
Taxonomy
1997 taxonomy
In the older taxonomy of the Gastropoda (Ponder & Lindberg, 1997) these families were placed in the suborder Basommatophora.
2005 taxonomy
Hygrophila has been a clade in the informal group Basommatophora within the Pulmonata.[2]
Clade Hygrophila:
- Superfamily Chilinoidea Dall, 1870
- Family Chilinidae Dall, 1870
- Family Latiidae Hutton, 1882
- Superfamily Acroloxoidea Thiele, 1931
- Family Acroloxidae Thiele, 1931
- Superfamily Lymnaeoidea Rafinesque, 1815
- Family Lymnaeidae Rafinesque, 1815
- Superfamily Planorboidea Rafinesque, 1815
- Family Planorbidae Rafinesque, 1815
- Family Physidae Fitzinger, 1833
Note: what was previously the family Ancylidae has been demoted in the new taxonomy to the status of tribe Ancylini Rafinesque, 1815 within the subfamily Planorbinae Rafinesque, 1815 of the family Planorbidae Rafinesque, 1815.
2010 taxonomy
Basommatophora (Siphonarioidea and Amphiboloidea and Hygrophila) have been found polyphyletic and so Jörger et al. (2010)[1] have moved Hygrophila to Panpulmonata.
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Jörger K. M., Stöger I., Kano Y., Fukuda H., Knebelsberger T. & Schrödl M. (2010). "On the origin of Acochlidia and other enigmatic euthyneuran gastropods, with implications for the systematics of Heterobranchia". BMC Evolutionary Biology 10: 323. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-10-323.
- ↑ Bouchet P., Rocroi J.-P., Frýda J., Hausdorf B., Ponder W., Valdés Á. & Warén A. (2005). "Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families". Malacologia: International Journal of Malacology (Hackenheim, Germany: ConchBooks) 47 (1-2): 1–397. ISBN 3925919724. ISSN 0076-2997.