Hydroelectricity in Italy

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Old hydroelectric plant, now museum, in Cedegolo, Val Camonica

Italy is the world's 14th largest producer of hydroelectric power, with a total of 50,582 GWh produced in 2010.[1] Electric energy from hydro accounted for about 18% of the national electricity production in 2010.[2]

There were a total of 2,729 active plants in 2010, of which 302 had a capacity greater than 10 MW.[3]:54–55 Hydroelectric plants are especially widespread in the north, where there are many rivers and mountains. Lombardy, Piedmont and Trentino-Alto Adige contributed for almost 60% of the total energy production in 2010.[3]:62

Hydroelectricity played a major role in the development of energy sector in Italy, since until the 1950s almost all the electric energy produced in the country came from this source. In fact, almost all the current capacity was installed in the first half of the twentieth century.[2]

Plants in Italy are also used to store excess energy from other sources during off-peak periods.

History

Electric power production in Italy from 1883 to 2010: hydroelectricity (in blue) remained almost the same since the 1950s.

Hydroelectricity was the first source widely used in Italy to produce electric energy, and remained the main source at least until 1960s. For example, of the total 15.5 GWh produced in 1938 hydro accounted for 14.6, or 94%. Hydroelectric energy played a main role in the Italian industrialization since late 19th century.[4] Hydroelectricity contributed for about 87.5% of the total energy produced from 1900 to 1960.[2]

Since the 1960s the share of hydroelectricity decreased constantly due to the increase in energy needs and almost unchanged total capacity. By 1980, share of hydro was already below 25%. The majority of energy was at that time produced by fossil fuels. For comparison, energy consumed in Italy in 2010 was about 20 times that of 1938.[2]

Italian hydroelectric potential is estimated to be exploited at 90%. This explain the almost unchanged total capacity in last 50 years. All the favorable places have already been taken: this poses a limit on the construction of new plants of relevant capacity in terms of technical, economical and environmental problems.[4]

Top ten hydroelectric plants in Italy by capacity

Chiotas Dam at Entracque
The lower reservoir of Edolo pumped storage plant
This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.
Company Plant Capacity
(MW)		 Place Province
Enel Entracque1,317EntracqueCN
EnelRoncovalgrande[5] 1,016MaccagnoVA
Enel Domenico Cimarosa (Presenzano)1,000PresenzanoCE
Enel Centrale di Edolo1,000EdoloBS
Enel San Fiorano568SelleroBS
Endesa Italia Centrale di Galleto530TerniTR
Enel Centrale di San Giacomo448Fano AdrianoTE
A2A Centrale di Grosio428GrosioSO
Edipower Nucleo di Mese - C.le Mese377MeseSO
Edipower Nucleo di Udine - C.le di Somplago309Cavazzo CarnicoUD

See also

References

  1. ↑ Compare List of countries by electricity production from renewable sources
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 "Statistiche produzione elettricità 1883-2010". Terna. Retrieved 10 January 2012. 
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 "Rapporto Statistico 2010". Statistiche sulle fonti rinnovabili (in italian). Gestore Servizi Energetici (GSE). Retrieved 4 January 2012. 
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 "Idroelettrico in Italia". EniScuola. Eni. Retrieved 13 January 2012. 
  5. ↑ "Impianti: Roncovalgrande - Maccagno". Enel. Retrieved 12 January 2012. 

External links

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