Hydrazine (antidepressant)

Iproniazid, the first hydrazine MAOI to be discovered, and the first antidepressant drug ever marketed.

The hydrazine antidepressants are a group of non-selective and irreversible monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) that were discovered and initially marketed in the 1950s and '60s. Most have been withdrawn due to toxic reactions like hepatotoxicity, but several still remain in clinical use.

Tranylcypromine, a structurally unrelated MAOI introduced around the same time as the hydrazines, was originally advertised as non-hydrazine, due to its diminished propensity for causing hepatotoxicity and related side effects.

List of hydrazine antidepressants

• Benmoxin (Neuralex, Nerusil) ^‡
• Carbenzide ^§
• Cimemoxin ^§
• Domoxin ^§
• Iproclozide (Sursum) ^‡
• Iproniazid (Marsilid) ^†
• Isocarboxazid (Marplan)
• Mebanazine (Actomol) ^‡
• Metfendrazine (MO-482) ^§
• Nialamide (Niamid) ^†
• Octamoxin (Ximaol, Nimaol) ^‡
• Phenelzine (Nardil)
• Pheniprazine (Catron) ^‡
• Phenoxypropazine (Drazine) ^‡
• Pivalylbenzhydrazine (Tersavid) ^‡
• Safrazine (Safra) ^†

^‡ = Withdrawn from the market; ^{† = Partially discontinued; § = Never marketed.}

See also

• Monoamine oxidase inhibitor
• Antidepressant

References

• López-Muñoz F, Alamo C (2009). "Monoaminergic neurotransmission: the history of the discovery of antidepressants from 1950s until today". Current Pharmaceutical Design 15 (14): 1563–86. doi:10.2174/138161209788168001. PMID 19442174.