Hydnangiaceae

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Hydnangiaceae
Hydnangium carneum
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Fungi
Division: Basidiomycota
Class: Agaricomycetes
Order: Agaricales
Family: Hydnangiaceae
Gäum. & C.W.Dodge (1928)
Type genus
Hydnangium
Wallr. (1839)
Genera

Hydnangium
Laccaria
Maccagnia
Podohydnangium

The Hydnangiaceae are a family of fungi in the Agaricales order of mushrooms. Widespread in temperate and tropical regions throughout the world, the family contains about 30 species in four genera.[1] Species in the Hydnangiaceae form ectomycorrhizal relationships with various species of trees in both coniferous and deciduous forests.[2]

Description

They may have fruiting bodies with stems and caps (pileate-stipiate), or gasteroid (with internal spore production, like puffballs). When pileate, the cap is glabrous to scaly, sometimes striate, typically orange-brown or violet in color; the gills are widely spaced, thick, and waxy. In gasteroid forms, fruit body shape is irregular, with thin walls. Also, the peridium (the outer layer of the spore-bearing organ) is sometimes short-lasting (evanescent). Columella (the central, sterile part of the sporangium) may be absent or present, the hymenia are not gelatinized, and are formed in locules. Basidia are club-shaped (clavate), with two or four sterigmata, sometimes with accompanying cheilocystidia (cystidia on the edges of gills). Taxa have a widespread distribution in both temperate and tropical zones.[3]

Genera

  • Hydnangium has hypogeal fruiting bodies like truffles, with no stem, nor a columella.[4]
  • Laccaria has 'typical' mushroom-shaped (pileate-stipiate) fruiting bodies.
  • Maccagnia is a poorly known gasteroid genus containing a single species from Italy.[5]
  • Podohydnangium has subepigeal fruiting bodies, with partially exposed gleba at the base and a stipe columnella.[6]

See also

References

  1. ↑ Matheny PB, Curtis JM, Hofstetter V, et al. (2006). "Major clades of Agaricales: a multilocus phylogenetic overview". Mycologia 98 (6): 982–95. doi:10.3852/mycologia.98.6.982. PMID 17486974. 
  2. ↑ Cannon PF, Kirk PM. (2007). Fungal Families of the World. Wallingford: CABI. p. 164. ISBN 0-85199-827-5. 
  3. ↑ Mueller, GM. (1997). "Distribution and species composition of Laccaria (Agaricales) in tropical and subtropical America". Revta Biol. Trop. 44: 131–5. 
  4. ↑ Dogde C.W., Zeller S.M. (1936). "Hydnangium and Related Genera". Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 23 (4): 565–598. JSTOR 2394151. 
  5. ↑ Singer R. (1959). "Type Studies on Basidiomycetes IX: Maccagnia carnica". Syndowia 13: 235–238. 
  6. ↑ Beaton G, Pegler DN, Young TWK (1984). "Gasteroid Basidiomycota of Victoria State, Australia. I. Hydnangiaceae". Kew Bulletin 39 (3): 499–508. 
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