Hwang Sun-won

Hwang Sun-wŏn (March 26, 1915 - September 14, 2000) was a Korean short story writer, novelist, and poet.^[1]

Life

Hwang was born while Korea was under Japanese colonial rule in Taedong, South Pyongan, in modern-day North Korea. Hwang Sunwon made his literary debut as a middle school student with the publication in 1931 of his poems “My Dream” (Naui kkum) and “Fear Not, My Son” (Adeura museowo malla) in Eastern Light (Donggwang).^[2] Hwang graduated from Waseda University in Japan with a degree in English. During his time at Waseda he founded a theater group called Tokyo Students’ Group for the Arts (Donggyeong haksaeng yesuljwa), along with fellow students Lee Haerang and Kim Dongwon.^[3] In November 1934, Hwang Sunwon published his first poetry collection, Wayward Songs (Bangga).Following the division of Korea he lived in the South, becoming a professor at Kyunghee University.^[4]

Work

Hwang published his first story in 1937 and continued writing through 1980s; during his long literary career, Hwang Sunwon observed firsthand the suffering of ordinary Koreans under many different forms of oppression: colonialism, ideological strife, Korean War, industrialization, military dictatorships. What he sought to capture was the resilience of the Korean spirit even in times of adversity, rather than the adversity itself, and the discovery of love and goodwill in unlikeliest of circumstances.^[5]

Although he wrote many volumes of poetry and eight novels, Hwang achieved his greatest acclaim as the author of short fiction, which was regarded as the premiere literary genre through most of the twentieth century in Korea and Hwang was noted, particularly early in his career, for refusing to write in Japanese.^[6] (Yom Sang-seop was another example of this stance). Hwang is the author of some of the best-known stories in the modern Korean literary canon, including “Stars” (1940), “Old Man Hwang” (1942), “The Old Potter” (1944), “Cloudburst” (1952), “Cranes” (1953) and “Rain Shower”(1959).

In “Cranes” (Hak), for example, two childhood friends now on opposite sides of the ideological divide, find a way to rediscover their love for each other, and “The Shower” (Sonagi) highlights the pathos and beauty of love between two children. Children, in fact, often appear in Hwang Sunwon’s short stories as vessels of purity. “The Swamp” (Neup) and “The Stars” also manifest concern with the ephemerality of childhood.^[7]

Hwang began writing novels in the 1950s, his most successful being Trees on a Slope (1960), which depicts the lives of three soldiers during the Korean War. Sunlight, Moonlight (1962–65) depicts the lives of members of the former untouchable class in urban Seoul. The Moving Castle (1968–72) depicts the complex and problematic synthesis of Western and indigenous cultures in rapidly modernizing Korea. It is also one of the few depictions in fiction of gender roles in Korean shamanism.^[8]

Works in Translation

• The Book of Masks (short stories)
• The Descendants of Cain (novel)
• The Moving Castle (novel)
• Shadows of a Sound (short stories)
• Sunlight, Moonlight (novel)
• Trees on a Slope (novel)
• Cranes (short stories)
• Lost Souls: Stories by Hwang Sunwon (short stories) translated by Bruce Fulton
• Cranes Article by Hwang Sunwon

Works in Korean

Short Story Collections

• The Dog of Crossover Village (Mongneomi maeurui gae, 1948),
• Wild Geese (Gireogi, 1951)
• Acrobats (Gogyesa, 1952)
• Cranes (1956)
• Lost Souls (Ireobeorin saramdeul, 1958)
• Time for You and Me Alone (Neowa namanui sigan, 1964)
• Masks (Tal, 1980)

Novels

• Living with the Stars (Byeolgwa gachi salda, 1950)
• Human Grafting (Ingan jeommok, 1957)
• A Moving Castle (Umjigineun seong, 1973)
• Sunlight, Moonlight (Irweol, 1975)
• Descendants of Cain

Awards

• Asia Freedom Literature Prize (1955)
• Academy of Arts Award
• March First (Samil) Culture Prize.

References